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Week 3-Protocol Architecture

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Week 3-Protocol Architecture

Uploaded by

anishamaroof125
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networks

COSC-3101
Course Instructor: Dr. Madiha Amjad
[email protected]

Lecture : Protocol Architecture


Institute of Information Technology
Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and
Technology (KFUEIT)
Agenda

▪ Why we need protocol architecture


▪ TCP/IP protocol architecture
▪ OSI Model & protocol architecture standardization
▪ Traditional vs multimedia application needs
Previous Lecture

▪ Data communication and networking


▪ Fundamental Characteristics of data communication
▪ Communication Model
▪ Components of Communication networks
Need For Protocol Architecture

▪ Data exchange can involve complex procedures, file transfer


example
▪ Better if task broken into subtasks
▪ Implemented separately in layers in stack
‒ Each layer provides functions needed to perform common services for layers
above
‒ Using functions provided by layers below
▪ Peer layers communicate with a protocol
TCP/IP Protocol Architecture

▪ Developed by US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency


(DARPA) for ARPANET packet switched network
▪ Used by the global Internet
▪ Protocol suite comprises a large collection of standardized protocols
TCP/IP Layers
Physical Layer

▪ Concerned with physical interface between computer and network


▪ Concerned with issues like:
‒ Characteristics of transmission medium
‒ Signal levels
‒ Data rates
‒ other related matters
Network Access Layer/Data Link Layer

▪ Exchange of data between an end system and attached network


▪ Concerned with issues like :
‒ Destination address provision
‒ Invoking specific services like priority
‒ Access to & routing data across a network link between two attached systems
▪ Allows layers above to ignore link specifics
Figure 2.7 Hop-to-hop delivery
Internet Layer (IP)

▪ Concerned to provide communications between devices are


attached to different networks
▪ Routing functions across multiple networks
▪ Implemented in end systems and routers
▪ Routers connect two networks and relay data between them
Figure 2.9 Source-to-destination delivery
Transport Layer (TCP)

▪ The host-to-host layer, or transport layer, collects mechanisms in a


common layer shared by all applications to provide reliable delivery
of data.
▪ Common layer shared by all applications
▪ Provides reliable delivery of data
▪ Order is maintained
▪ Commonly uses TCP
Figure 2.10 Transport layer

The transport layer is responsible for the delivery


of a message from one process to another.
Application Layer

▪ Provide support for user applications


▪ Need a separate module for each type of application
Operation of TCP and IP
Operation of TCP/IP
Operation of TCP/IP

▪ The addition of control information to data is referred


to as encapsulation.
▪ The combination of data from the next higher layer and control
information is known as a protocol data unit (PDU);
▪ In case of transport layer PDU, it is called as Transport PDU or more
typically called as Segments
▪ The header in each segment contains control information to be used
by the peer transport protocol
OSI

▪ Open Systems Interconnection


▪ developed by the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO)
▪ has seven layers
▪ is a theoretical system delivered too late!
▪ TCP/IP is the de facto standard
OSI Layers
Figure 2.2 Seven layers of the OSI model
Figure 2.3 The interaction between layers in the OSI model
Figure 2.4 An exchange using the OSI model
OSI v TCP/IP
Summary

▪ Introduced need for protocol architecture


▪ TCP/IP protocol architecture
▪ OSI Model & protocol architecture standardization
▪ Traditional vs multimedia application needs

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