The cwantiaupnal

nelaine Unuwonlol 9nalo

iEt nhence
naive.

affson'rnalid by onpa ca 9pmesed as a

veoponst
Jh u2. Lmulu eopau
ats ke feloneials, Tkus l aufa gn yeleds on

calld TIRflles
4anili dsatis, Gnalog fills
elhsipuede I
digital gilisAto anly tiermdermalin
An aboah esign
a n exitng onalog fills.
Jhe main Clnines anslog illess a Butlacarld e Chebyako
lta.
Jhe impertant tep An tks cdiuign on anelcg dilla athe celn-
catien4 tk YEAponLe A/uifieatons ttat zhoiel be aatif-est y
tte lia eg. Yeapeni.

manlutlee Srpenue C loeahass l b hown.

H patsbevol a sspbowd
Jp a J s a r
Edge daquntto.
-6P
1-6p
I
op: tolscnus t t e haqnitucle
e ponue tn ke pmurkend t
Paubtndbnd ds: Stopbend atevanatiov? ()
Tronst Stay bond
band
Charayia Commanly we ualog Fetero

)Butle th filtesro
i Cheb yoha filter

Buttenudot Filte
* Lo pa Bultewortt fdltro are al-pale ftt>u charnkovzd
y e mogitds -Aquarad freguauy eopoe,
Hay - d)

Cberu N n Ycdrh d
te filto
e, Cu freuuy (-3dG fepumy) A fla mojntuks.
AA Vims he dc gain
Siue HS) HES) evalualka at S=JUL

HS) H-S) =
-(2) = lod kec
oYwalizw
+ (-i)= GCe J= s/

The
q te HG)HES) oe caliaman eualin e
deua mMal oZow.
S=JEya
k)
S-e2 JRR+)]N N-
=e 2
S e) {3)
henne Poleo aa guen
DoY malized CuAan Je=l Yad/se.
Sp= 2N
kro, , 2,. .

--, N-J-
Sh e e'lAN+ 2Tk+ T) +ht k0,,---w
 The esuaon u) qus pels partoon d HG)HES)
Jhe pols ae a civela uuik vaclius Unit ovd an plad atonphs

- G)
0,L N
LHP
fYom oboue epualio con obaun pele poolo gmy in LHS nd

RHS ni
Poles on e RHS e amignad to ike facton HES)
- 1- LHS HG)
*For tton be stable Conids tke boleo yng in LHS J

Sybkom mein amalied Buttruom filtex

SA =+ e ' (Nt2k+)T
S e' -+eJT
= eT = -I &

Two eles ) HG) H6)

& 0)
Fov asble falta, conudo poles yeg On LHs Spone
Pe S,= -1
Jhan Syalain famclion
) N=2
HG)TS-Sk LHP
-6)

3 = LHP
SA e'C3+ ak)
k=0, 3 P RHS
Po
fko, S =e -0.707 +J0707 0 707-s0.707

k S, = ^e'p Pa
0 707J 0707 0.707 +j 0 707
Jhane one foun peleo onils polo Asiig J
S-plon
n LAS S-plono
So-D707+30-707 kS- -0707-0-707
Jhan Sylamleion HG) =
S-SS S) S+0-707)O 707)
s+ZS+ -
 Ihe ndrmallized Butts LoovK Pimonuall
Hos)=
BMS)
Ovder(ay ButteuoNk pelpnondal By) A faetAs
S+
2 s2+J2S +1
3 (s+S+1)S +1) = s3+2s+25+1
(s+076 S34S +1) Cs+18+776s + D
Standrd
form, bws+by- s" t - b,s+bo bo& bw=E
Buttinwelk belymomial n fattoal form
N b bs b bs bs

J2
3 2 2
2.613 3.44 2.613
S 3.236 S 236 S 236 3.236

6 3.864 7.464 -141 7.464 3.864

10.103 4 606 4.606 10-103 4494
7

* Fhate a, Smoo Pavks

*BF howe
maamally flatE
Mavotonmc Paxba us
0 S monstöuic &topbau
N=| * H@=1 for a ond
(HOAo as
-N=10 A Poles orre ona Cicle Yoebus
Je Cantred ai ovdein
* HgA|- at -Nc fot all ite N
xThee ik a chep 4 20ds in log mopntuole Yes pee, fell ofF
Teo penke 20N dt por deeacde. f N=I, -28o B/ucode, N=,
H a =
-20Nlalad) -6oelb/daaada
Poleo HS) HEs) on a CYch and hae a
Telelive phese
dwunte
 DeAign e Batterudoy Ftllerd

Condiclen e apeefcalkok (fegnouy--donai) e filtor

Kp 20og lHGa)) <o fov 20 g/Hoa
20 log HO ks

Lph Kp and Ks ane

Ap Pasbod), ad Gthad) edge feguuut

AP

A The maanilode -3guaxad epout g.Luttswovtfttor io gie

- (8)

Jalug Log onbot te niles

- 20 log |HA)) =
- a0 log4)|" -iolraf "
2N

-)

fo s, Ks=-10 leg |1+ (s 2N

2N

10-| -1o)
Divaele equatio ) by egua[Ton (() we get
2N -0:1 Kp

J 1o Ks p & K au in dB
Tokiig ag en be tte sicko
-0-|kp
2N Loge L3-01K

Flten ordden Log 1oKs_17

N
2. Log Ap/n) 2 L s/Dp)
(E) Cutofj fepaaie
) To meet te paAbenol eemeni

om epualion ) = [0-01P_]an
Ap
-o-1 Kp_1 2 12)
) To maut ike
stspbad Yegud monl

own epuajov ) => Ae As

=

1ke1] 13)
) To mexk bott pombued ue atap bouel eguienuut, talke te
Cutoff fueututy a th avexage 4 1 2 ) auol 13)

C) TONne funilion
HE)= TTS-S
LHP

Nofinaliged aanntor fualion H'eHG) H6) =

Ju
SauahalmMagulhde freguunty pouse uik dil/eunt paramele

Kp=

-65) p

Sio"-]2-64)
= log(
fom eualon () Log6Te) I7)
2 log) Log e/ ap)
AA d 1te )2

2.og s/e) -(8).

9tmine te bw paLs
futa s h met te floainy
spe iala ing ButiuðenU fikea apr«ximation
Paslbad 4pecyicalims 20 log IH ea)>-0 idß
Stopbnd specetiona: 20 l0g Ha)<-70dB
R00oHa
Sela: airen p -Id8 Ap 1000 XaT ad see
Ke 7odB, Js 2000 x 27 Yad/sec
Fltn ovcler, N= Lo
. b g)
Log10---70) 2.lo9/2000 4 3387
Tound-up
lEea ordor à N=S

e)In tke no'malized magrittsi Agpuanud fewuy opone skaun in

fauou, fosband atrualion 0.95 ea frguauy4 10o Yod /se ono
Spbond atenuatuM Ao SXI0 aa fuauy 4 3250 Nad laec:
(0Delomina ike dr 1 te filter.
6Fad te otden e te Alter eduse onrition vgon dy So
4the uidth 6) IHo)

Sek: iy Conwent attenualm apee. ko dB

Kp 1 0 log,(0:9) = -0-2228dB
370
Ks log(sx1 = -43.0l03dB oR 1Yad/see
0 - 0 2223)
N
L 1oO'C43 0)/2.log (19)
E = 0229

N L OoS22--057)= 1tl4 178

Lig444 486061 fun c"
N S N= log (a-4129/%-2294
Log 37so1000)
86
Tyanoilon 1epion uidth =AsAp = 2750 7od/sec
So. d to Bontion csidti is 1375 Tad lsec

Ihe udulion n ourtn uaidk in Js

oulh = Jp +137
237s Yocllsec
Log plns) -log(1000/237s=-03757
N -S- S6
74 2 68 8
2l-0-37S)
yecluts5onuUay 1gin s/att
Tne : LntYeane N

T0 hse shep fal o , 0Telr d t e flter kas be nerea

6) Civen HA*= +64 dolamine e ouahg futs Ata

wctun HS.
Hia= 1+ +3
dhe
bobes 4 Buttnwe fltero
Sp e tK +1)T
=

k=o, 1,
e'+2K)zT
k=o.L 2
uih k=o, So = + e * - 0 25+
JO 433,
25 - Jo +33

k S, = e =
-0.s+0S +0S

K-2 S2 t 4 e' -0:25-Jo.433

O. 2 Jo.43
ara
Jh Poleo Yeeuisred
So S2 = -0-2Sso 433
SE-0S
JA
P
So &S2 ane Complon cojugat 4 eash eker
P2
P -6 2S+J0-433
P=0:2S-J0433 P
Pa-05
Jhe boras saneo 3

HES)= _
s-P) -PP)E-P)
(os)
H)
S- -02s +J0-4 33 ))(S -(-02r -3o 433)(s (-o.s))
-

Cos O 12S
S+0-25) +0 433JS +0s toSs +0.2s)0o
Sins
H sst)E+)
Ralare by / 2.
+C)=
(3s+ 2 +)2s+)
0.2S

HE) =
+s+0SS+0.12s) 2 (s+0s) (s+o S +O125 )(S+0)
(
O. 12S
HG) =
(C+0 ss +0.125(S +OS)
respeny
Heaue Tyaneaformaliono in Ke Aualoy Domoun

* e Aau a (oeopays fitbruith pasbod eolge fepua uy p

ovol to Conwertit ts onstioLowparo flter aiti panslrnd.
elge repau A, Then aan ormalhon id
S S Clowpau lowpaa)
Sgkaoonfureion o Protolape
ter HG)
tn, H4) =Hp e-s)
p
T e Cuteffepeuj e LPF ( =I ed/se)
Kan is Called novmyedft (Ap=I Yad /Aea).

TPe o Bed-eolpe fregmeweae

t y a n a l malton Tvanalovmalion

Louwpa lowpan p
Lopa to High pad

p
Lowpue to Bondpas s-JP sCuA)
(Lowe k VPpo
LouwpcuA t Bastel stup S Jp $(lu-) y bomd edgeafrqauy)
C et H) represent e syro fneiin of a LPE
24s1
SZ+S+I
ke
it aPaboet of 1va d/aec. Fine Ayrtem fuuliono
folbeoing analog fIEoro:
Sohui) LPE uuth
a pambouo 1 0vad/aee
s sT
0
H)= Ap6)| s2H0s +H00
)HPF lth a Cubopf fveguuy o1ovaal/aec
s Ap4
HG) =
Hp)s s2+/Os /00
( *+1+
Gii) BPF th apombod oflovacd/sec nel a Center faueuy af
/00 vod/sec

lo J A , =IOo Yad/rec
SCuA)
y = Ao= l00vod /se

Hpr)=Hps 1o* Aho y- = lo Yad/sec.

(s410+ o+ s10-+2sho
10S 00s2

oos2
HaF6) s+210S*+ 1os+ |0$s +l0as* s 4 +10s3+20|00s+/oss +103

0) BsP a Cevtneuu néy4 lo voxlfe

a stopboud 2 Yad)Ace
Ju- = 2 d ka
S>AS u-A)
=
10 Tad/ see

Hs) 2

(s10) (st/00)
4+2s34 200s $H0o)* S+2s3+ 204t 200s t10
Deaima Battnuorh oualog HPF a t m folloukunq Pailo
m
Moum Aauoban attenuation = 2 dB

Pauobad edga equeuny = R00 Yadlsee

Minin topbrd alle ntea tion = 2od8

Spbad edpe frryuueuy = 1oo Yad /sea

Selbe 20 log t6
-1dg

-2dg

a4
eApen
Der izn
Der in a hovmalizel LPF (BE) haung mopau'tuol

2o log lHia
Kp-2d0
JAs 200 =
2
Jp- I, = 2

Js

(-3)
Flta dler N =
log
Clo
0-1C-2) / 2) - 37

.N=4
ls to H,S) +0-76 S36S +) (s41& 4776S*1
So a t -2 d 7pula me
Cub euevay Juc 4 preto lzpa LPF

Jp
Jlc -0-1) 00- 0693

J
H rOA3
Al H) =
HG s200 as 187.038
S
 .
HG) t 18 7038
S

s
HG) s+143-15s + 34980.7s)CS+ 34S8 S +34480 7S

forvnfhalir S =JJ

3 u 980.75 -A) +J/43S ((34

80.75-Jt) +S 34 s3 A

(3 4180-7 -+((43-17((34980.75-J)+3 4SS34)

20log| HG=200 -2dB
2 log IHG)100 2 0 8 dB
 Chebypke Fltoro

XThwe ane t types Chbyt fillsACF):

CF: A call- pole fui _ e e libit niple
Tpe-I monoto chaieacleritc in
bekauioY un ke bauboud ao

te stp bas
Cad s asl exhilde a
) THpe -I CF: Coutoin
betk pelu
rhauio tte aubaud on an euu'rpple
moo ton
halbi n te Atspbond
lie o n e imaAanay
ZeroA
*ZeroA ¢ c l o t ltou
tke s-plour

Reguey yeapone
chanaclerulie g
Jke mopiBude qpuanud t
a I CF AA
H +Tn)
anamel He ilto velotid ta teiHle in the
the
Chet ¬
t
Pausloond
TwO) e N-0veler chekyshw polynonidl daas
Cos(Ncos).
T) Cosh (N Cosh')
2)
Jhe chebyhw pelymamials Can be genvud by e e desde eyuo lion
Tw+)= 2 To) - Tw-6), = l 2, -(3)
who To6) =1 od Tu) = X

rom eG), N=, Ta) = 2x*-|

N2 Tal) = 2x(22 ) - x = 4n3-31

N -3 T;) = 3** -

8x+||
 thee polynomialo O
Some
OsIalos betiuun eve+l
) T l s fr al
w mbe imea hepotkonalo no
d
i TC) =1 f
in e inlea Val
(iuy Al Yosto Ko boly no niéal TO) oceu

) To) =0, for odd |H*=|

foN, even HO)=7+E
The falter panmeta e s velalad t te nijhe n t e paubad

ashoon fe 0 oded and N even.

(+e2

P p
N odd N ew

At tke bo-edge feueay =lp, T)=1 tat

-6
-6p)*
uken Sp ia t valoe tke peusbod vijpple
Som te hwmb en mwu ma Ono mima n e Panbud

euals be N fll

v p l e popendy ylda a natHer hantien bad

 CF l i o elpae in e S-po
Jh poles p e -T
-(6)

onel
hunoY ouis, Jp() -).
B t/Lte -6)
L E
De ol e ellipre at tcorclinalis
*The pele o catioua (positiona)

( ,N- wheru
Y), k=0,L
-)
k 0,, N-I

k=o, N -00)

t ) 2N k-0, N-

-1)
filtn i
Jhe order q te

+2
E

Let ane Y=

Ken N = eg Pt Jp-12 -02)

og nr +/; -1)
o = cosh(&le)
Cosh(s np) (3)
Jhe Syrm fuion HG)=
TT(S-SD
LHP + bsS, +bo
f bo fo N od
fo N even
1+2
 BF

e PB altewuakcon
noymaluel
o
manitucle AuAsnd eqinl u
0 9 a t Ay = Io00 Yad /sec nd
uponde,
SL alhuua

ie SNoatJls = 37S0 Yadlsec.

Delmie e ovelor
chebyshw
) Fined ealte boualion epn bsOY. alidtk

Selni +e2
= 0.9s

P
V = 617. S4 ane SY= = 3.7S
J
N= ogP tJp = 3.S7 in coe qBENS

C')Tvosn repon =27So Yaal lsec -p

J=75041ooo= 237S radlsec Ay= =
2- 375
= 73 S. tn Ca BF, = 8

CF epusus unen fken orcleh cohovn Com parued to BF

Speofrate
A
 Gre
C obn tha bowso fuslän. e
Chebrhuw
Cnalog ftbn taloA magulude
a sho u n
Eopoe i
te
Se om a noguitnsle eoponue
ovdss e CF A 3 (N=3) Yolsec

=0.9 E = O. 843, p =S Tad sec

= I633S
nDeoin þanamelius. B
6
Eipe palamelww
s.6142
7 p( 2 =

2 SS3
Ap ( N-1
k- 0, L
7sint
-
-

tJ
Poleo
Polro one
ou juen by S = % CON
4
k= 0,, 2
d = T+2k1)
2
120, o, -130, 2240

Polss So =-1-2767 +J4-S62

S , S-2:SS34
2
fW Sa =
-I-2767j 4.86
HaG) H)
en) Tomofa funin e ( S )s-s.)s-S)
(St|:2767 -J 4.862) C s+2.ss3u) (St 1.2767 +J 4 862)
ewo nale HG)

(s+2 2 ss34S+ 25 37) +2sS34) s3+2.534S+ 23 64S+

aual b =
2s 34 *23 97 6522ER, 2.SS34S+t
6-52 S+ 64-5
64-52.24
= S3+51068S*+ 3016 b
(S-2SS3 4S+25-47)C+2ss3) | b ba
+64524
bo
Veruinsti te dosign Dut Sjvl
6 4-522
a 64.6t-5.1o6RA*+ (3o/6 A- A*)"2
HaA-r 0.9374 H64h-o -
C Desipn a chbykw avaloy lopa fukr B«t has a -3 ds

allbuualibn
Ctla frequna 100 od kec one a sopbord o
all rodion euLon@ea pat A5o vad/ae.
2s8 o greal fav
Selo Kp =3d, Jp=100 fal liec
Ks -2sol8, s 2so Yadlsec

2 log( -3
E =0-91T6
Ks 20 log os =-25dg
O 0.0S62

P- J - t = 17:797 k A= = 25

wg(pJp- 06804
2.279
g (Ay+ J-1)
N=3, Oicln 4- e fukr o 3

=3422
desvn Poremel

Sllpse Palamelora ane,

p p (P lo4.36 2 = Jp ( )= 2986

+ (2k+)r ke o, N-I
2

2 - 120, 4 + =24O°
u = 72 COs & h 7, sink ko 0,
Prlu tocotions

- l4-931
0.378
29.86
2 - I4931 -90-3 78
 te ftto ane
So l4931+J qo378
Poles = -

ocalada
S -29.86
S2 =-Il.93-Sqo 378 = $

Jhe 3ytin banse futton Since N odd

HS)=HS) S.s-S,)CS-s) K = bo.

denomun ate S ) io
4
+1493190 378) Cs + 29.86) (s + 1493|+J90.376)

s +1 43) +90:373)] S+2946]

S+29.862S + 831 1.12] S+29.86]

SS+ 29 862+ 8291-1S +2986 $2+ 3q1.14 S + 2505S8 84

+59.724 S+ 9282.86 S + aS ossre4
b b b bo f l k a couons

Soss8 -84
He 3+ S9.724+928 2-865 + 2 Soss884
Veialion ie eain
Put s=i in Ha
Ha =
j J - 59724N +j9282-86 + 2 SoJs8 84
2 soI8 84
(2SOSS8 84 - S9724N) + J(9282-86 - N3)

2Soss8 84

(2So SS8 a4 - 5 .724)+ (1282-86 N -NS)/E

ng Ha a=100 3 dy

HalAA-AS0 -34.18d8,
 Dital Fittsrn
Jke desipm of pikal IIR fuker in oond on Gnalog fikor desim

t) ADC20Dal Flle DAC y¢)

he anayv malGonk #Rat map a giuen aualog feta, ts a digikal
f a t heuuy e e feyuu
CBoakososrl dil/erense metod
Bilinead tmernnalioy
)Lwpulse imarnt ansfaimalion
Mathed- bonfoination

1IR Futo Dexigny Impaloe Invauance

The objeatie is t derin an 112 fAller baeny a hn) tkae io ke

honAlad venon e pubw responue 4 tke aolog tlar.

ho)=htnT) -d)
htt=nT, n=
0,,4
Lshee T is Re nowjlvg n ersal

e cbuut (digtal) tmaprwM u i o is H)=Z{hnt

that ke polho 4 aualo9 futa ore diskinet

On he ansumjtion

HaG) Cy
P
Cohaxe {PA ae ke poles q analog folto
in e erpanion
Ck ae e Coeeenth bortral/acl+on
N
eht
ha 4) =
tz0 -G)

e Aom{le hat) peeelicoully at t= ur

 N
ho) ha(nT) = C k e P n r

Jhe ike eoillvg dhgidal IIR flteh betomes

sapkmsunetion 4
N
Ha)= hu)z-n Ch e nT
N
H e = )
R= -eT

Contaan Eualions ( ) cnd ()

- e PT
S-Fk

Aom e (6), oualog pele a S= Pk o mapped t a diqkal þela

at Z = e PT

h two dom@un de wa Aalissy te ome velalionahip.

Zn0s

S-
Ploeto Z- plane a i
Z =e T 8)
we subat tatt S =+L aue enpre Ke co nilen Uariabe

beLomes
en, egu (8)

e =
+Ja) T

Y= e T and w= AT -A)
Tro @):
6) T 0, kn 0 <Y21 LHP i S-plae maha inide Be vnisn Girl
zplnw

71 RHP in -plone males oubide Be vnat ci

then J- aMis 4 maked into Unl cele,
hance in majkug LA ot One-to-0ne,
Site is
Unihuue ov Re vone A, T), The mehuug w=NNT
wlieo tho -TSweT Cooponelo to 7 NT TT
e 7 AT mahs onts
T
 Feuauy intoval, Z-plo 3T/T
S-Pon
3 ma onts -7T<LT
TIT
in genbal,

) lek+1)T
T T Unit
Circle
twhan R as on
ulges
*Jhun mafiug ¢vom he Oualy feuuy An -3TT
to he fegueusy Oeriabe an e dglal

domain is rman -o -oa, in perto he efeet akarng due to nanpb

Jheeguuuy 9uaporte HLTD = H) =

L 2 Ha(-2

C H a G ) = S K # 2 ) d Be covcoporduy Hz) uny tpuloe ivouane

SAamAeo/sec
matk e iam liug esstanny4
Sew ta&) C 5h T:02sec
S+

HaG) SH
S+
oluo Ha6) onu P=P-2
h inpale nvauate Ilarnatk i ve by
S -P -ePRT
S S+a

N C
. ' HE)=
-e

(-0-8187) - 0-6703)
He) =C TC
ZZ-06703 - +0-8187J O. 1484Z
2 - o 6 7031 -0-8t072 +0S488 2-o-4341 +0 Su9.
1484 z1
HC) -0-48 4Z + 0.S4gT
Cowvernk he auloy flter h syGm fnetim Hat)==Ste
Sto)+b

i dilal ITR-fiter wug tmpube injcdGRCIZkad. CLLM).

PA=-a tjb a Zro at S = -a.
Poles Cnaog lter are
Ha)= S+a) C2
s-a tib)]f-ta-ib] S+atb

C S+a
(S+aib)ls- -atib
C S+a
ibise =-asb 2sb

HaG)= /2
S- (atib) S -(-ai S-Pk 1 P
usy ILMfo Ha&) we get
O.
I- eatb) 7,-

=
-TbT -eTT
J+ os [i-eaTebTz]
= 0sI-caTe
-aTeibT +e TI2
=-o-s
eaTeJbT eT ]x-!
I-eaTCeb+ ebT +e-2aTz
-aT
coabT.
Hey
=
-e

H aE) = St0 then a = ot, b=3

(S +o+9
H2) = -e LoAsr)z-

-2e0TCOA3TZ+ c-02T-2
b
Stat Ha) =

-2ea¢o sbTte-2aTa-2
Hals)
S2+2S+2 +1)+
uoy I M
HCZ) =eSinT2
-2e-Tcos T z - e T z 2
 Dhat Aalilus te £lUouing
C) Desiym a ceyiltal chubyshvI flla
O wL0:2T
Cowdatuls: 03 t ) ¢1,
w T
Hs) 0-2, 0 6T
l g IIM.
Sglu 9ial spescaleoua ar -dp =0.8, Wp = 0-2/T,

Os 2 0 =O6 T

Cith 7=/see
)uwvaloul analog flken speflcallsaus
p 027T =0.6T
Kp 0:8 Ks 0.2 -o

O v c r N, 08 01 e- -I = O.75
K

P- J /E =
6.S32 JY= 6 = 3.

og ( P + P - 113s 4S+S
gy+a2-T)
0.7 6S6

Iha ovdo 4 ke CF 2

6) envym pazanlio: B= (l+ J )'»= 782

= 3628
2poe panamale: Y, =
Ap( )= 0.7255, T2 =
AP
Plr Sk =7% Co»e tj, Sin¢k, k: 0,, N k=o, )
oud 4 T+2k+)T 4, -22s
Po 1 3,

0:Si3
So =- 0.26 S +i .PoeL e Jtter
- 0-02S6S -Jo.
K
) Sunlon fueon: HaG)= H6) s s ) ( S - s , )
So Cs-S)
ewenun at = +02565)+0.S13) b s*+ o-S13s+ O0.3 29

bo aA io b bo
JI+
K
= 0. 26 32
= 0.3 29/JI+o8
O.263 2 O.26 3 2
Ha&)= S+0S13s +0:39
(S+o2S6 T)2+0.51L)
) um IIM uith T= ISec

HG) OS3 * O.S13 so)+

S+0.25s+0 S13D
-0.2s6SS
H(2) = oS131xe SinOS13) z
- 2 e 0 2S6
COnoS13) z+ e2c0.2Sb) -2

H) 0.1949 z-
I1:3 483 z+0.s987 2

t A oigal al louopais fitur rerd t met tke fo lo uoue

Conntan
0707 |t £i

HEJ)02
The fillaa mul Oe moumully flak veetuenty veoponu. Finel Hz
ihwarènt malkAod
mul he aboue speuhlalbons wking imbuln T-Is
Sebe(i Diztale Apec.
up OST
Kp 0.707,
Ks = 02

Cguvalont oualoy l u Apec T, >N= =

Kp 0.707, p =0 ST
Ks= 0 2
Filla ovclen
N> ogGle)
LogJslA
NLog4899) 3.9/9
log énsbs)
s

Jlu =
(IoS7T+ 0-6722 s0-93T)
Jl }S772 cd see

0) Sykamuub H8) s2613s3+ 3.4I4s 2.613s +)

N from ftlen tabe
yG)7s +0-76 S265 +1) (s t84776S +)
(Ne Paa ta ath
 CS+0-3.827D* +04239)J6+o92392 +0:382
Hy& =
S+0-76s26S +) CS*+18 4776 S +D

Ho)HB (Ac (A
(s+076s36 AS +A)Ls2+1.847 76 AS +JE)

Ha) (1-S77)
(24 1207 S+2.4369) (s+2.913s +2.46)
udvig poiliad aition enponue9
(As +8)) CS+D
Has)=
HaE) (s+207s +2.4869)
St2.913s +2.486

(1S77)= As+ As2.q13 AS2.4&69 +BS+ BS 2913 +B.2.4264

t C + CS*1207+ Cs 2.4S69 + DS+ Ds |.207 D.2-4869
Ctn conpaun tueni4 3, , s ovel tonutruli, e get a aet
im u&vesus egualionA
A+C =0, A C

2.913 A +B + 1207 c+D =0

2:913 13 + 2. 4869C +1207D =
o
2.4869 A +

2.u869 B+ 2.4869 D = 6-1848 = B + D = 2.487

(onu

Subatlte e 0) ond ) in 2)
2.q13At 2-u87 + 1:207(-A) =0 =A=-1.4 578
C 4S78

Subattnbe AC

2-486q-1.4S78) + 2-9/3B +2.4869 (X4S78) +1:207 D -0

+ 1.207D 0
2.913 =

-2.913 B - 2.913 D = - 2.437 (2913)

foM
u) 0 -1-70 6 D = -7.2.446 >D= 4.2466
HoM(4) B--1:759
 -4S7gs -179 1478 S +4 2u66
s2+12o7 S t2.L869 S +2.q13S + 2 486

t HG)= H$) + Ha().

0 603
H)=-
H Ie S3 (S+12066)=4sw S+ 0603
S+0.6 03)+ 145] (S+0.603y + | 4

.4S78
S+0-6 03 -0. 603 4 SS&
HS =
S +o.603)+ I4s L(S+0 603)+)4 S8J

4 a)= ):458 S+2.9oy -4s8St|4S6 t4 48

S+Iuso) +0BO4 C/S+1us6)2+ o.604
2

S+I4S6
H2) 4s8|$tHS6)*+0.60+
3.495 O.604
+I4 S6) +0-604
Ay IIM H S) 4 ta( ulT=l See

HE) -0603 603

=
-573) |1-
-2-0-603
COA(4S6) Z'
- 0 603)
o 603eoc $inC4) z
COAdS) z+e -20603

Cas4s2 O603)2

42)= -4S78 +0 066Z'-0.327s2 =

-IS78 -

o 2 62
1- O 1318z+ 034 - 0 13 182 +O 3z-2

Haa)=us8) 1-e COA

(eCo-60)z
Co-604)zt+24,*41c*4°6,
T45)+3-4S| e sin(o.604)z"/
I - 2e - / 4 s 6

-2
2e-4S6
cos 6-604Jz" 2
H)= HlS8- 0.2748z+0u6242 1.4s8-O 183 z
I-0:38 38 2 +0-0544 ~ I-0 38 38zt 00S 4z
-
.'H)= -1-4S78 -0-26z 1:458-0-183 Z"
-0 1318 2+0-31 -0-3828z7 +00Suyz
 IIR FUr Desizm by Bnean 7vanfeYmalion
Jhe Biling boutemaluonwuferrna the j -onin nlshe Lerit
Civcle in tha -plone only Buee, tRas assiébiugj aliaxngfeun
Cuhoneat
% Jhe Blihear bouermalion (BLT) con be n ked t h e
o ruwmertal iktegralion.
bapedal etmale
Coider an omalog filten uzh aznEn Junion HG) s -)
k Aen i aho hanalovjed by tRe djerutial egualon

yt)+ayt) = b.xt) -(2)

dt
oaol inlepval bye
atoznale e iape
e pwat Ae ckentatoe zoialemala
ye)-yte)da
to
+yt) -@
divetie yE), Y) is tke i'neas vebe Yt)
kene y'e) s Be
at
Approumation i% iskeg/al in epe)by thopguikal foimala
t =nT anel to =NT-T ficlda,

OT) = TaT) +g'nT-T)] +gnT T)-+)

ualion 2) evaluald att=T yielde

ynT)= -ay(nT).+ brb)
delg by T, ynT-T) = -ayCnT-T +b xnT-T) -6)

Subntibnth " ) &C) in 4), egot

yT) T ayenT) +br(nT -ay{nT-T) +bx(nT-T)] +y(07-T7

ynT) =-4T y(nr) + b naT) - a ynT-T)+kT x(nT-T)+f07-7)
ut yhT)>Y) & LOT) =
Mn
(+)n-(-aTyn-) = L ) +x-D -)

(1+yE) -(1-47) :"'Yz) Nz)

= +Tx6)-®)

Syutn fneta H =Y= t i t z )

)--Z
 HE) bT+2)
(1-z)+T1+Z)
b - a)
He)
2+a
Ltzta

Compoin eh ) Qd 0) Mafng om S-plone to -pone i

S
T -0o)
thn io Colled slhean banavnabay
S-plone 1-plone mafhng
l = Ye

s )\zsr? Te
S YCopu
(CObu+jsim) +J
Jina)-] = 2/rcOA -1) +iYshuo
r oaw+1) tjYsnw
od magmoy get
seuratinreal þort, cwe

2rSn w
1+r+2YCDoue (1+1+2rcouo
2 / 2Ysnio
-- oa lF (+Y+2rcosu
T+T42to
Lwownls: he

0 Y2, teM 40, LHS s-plone is masol mAidle Una GYe.

( )7 L en oo, RHS4 splone mafel 8ulkila jont cird

J o tn s-ploni MabA
ovnto un cne
) IY=1, fen a:0,

ome)
feuy
= 22:Smu0 22sin (oA
LI+I+ 2CDA Ttako T 2c0s 2
ton =>w= 2 ta )-/12)
ke Yange
he enine yenpe in wapped only -TLWLTT

manRiug hhl hon-linea

 TT
*Mofhng betusen Ie re yVssuobls to

ond J veultig fom e BLT o houn

= 2torAT
2

he abpewe a eauey Comoredion o

e e u conbi
DYgital -domauin quny
&JA onped

CwY.t. he cualpg fyegtaney .

TT
tAuel cfreaputies = t s oe matuco
chgiol fequeulu =+7T
tiu
To Ovencome fegueus coompiu nldeced by BT
te

nLLenayo breuorp the speilicalons 4 ik avalg fller

a
hol BLT aplsd, e novddinta maffiue t u n l t
Corpendabd b bre puY i enmunes pen rmo}l
utt-off/ baed -ede frequeuuie Ap ono s Ap=to(
ton()
Dietl
Diyttal Spebcalons » preop (T=Isec) >prveap cualpeupaln
Dexeel dit at
Design 4 alon iten Hals)>pnd4 LUT

CA diatal flls C a 3d- b»uduilli q 0 25T is to be

ayemrefoeue id.
dignad fom e aualon l t r usha
+G)-A UAe BLT and btaia HZ).
S+Ae

ton =
2tn (025T) =0:8 28 4/T
Snlaun mhan Ha) =
HG )
.0.8284/T 8284 TE+)
T
T)2284 2 ) + O8284
T Tlz+1)
HZ) =03284 (z+1) 29 29 t 0-29262
2-8234Z - 1-112 - 0 . 4144 Z

(01 = |I+z
Ha)=
3.414-1.Ll4zy
 CDewe the laufe futtit d the dputas fitor tot ite
e lincuung Conulramta: ute BullaruaA avototype. Aly BuT

foY T 2 Se

IHe <0s 0SAlIZ7T

Sot 1 Drgctal filken pcafitoleous

Kp 07s, Wp 0 35T K = O
- =
25, = 0 ST
) Preueped bGol-edpe eaouli;

ta-/e) 2 tan (025)= 0442 Yodlse

) =

A tan ()=ton ( )= I Tadlsec

e Filten ovcks:
-l
0 831, f- / 3.873
K
=

N>log6) 3-873)
0-8819 1
> 678816783
lognke) og o414)
N-2

Ac 0.4 746 Tod /see

HG) =
Fov N =2
0.22S 2
HaG Hye) s S.N +(NS S+06713S +022522

e m LLT l t h T=2 Sec

H@)= Ha@)
s -)
0-22s2 0.2252(ZtI)
H@)=. +0 2252 1)2+ 067113-JEt) T0 217
( t0-671132)
deynina z-22t1-+ 0 6713 z-0.67!13 t0:2252 2° + 0.-4S04 Z +0 2 2 2

022 52 z+ 0-4SO4Z+0. 23 2 0-118870:2376z+01188Z

+) 89622 -ISL26 Z t0 55 4A7 -0.8I 73Z+024 22T
 (01)
) He)- HG)| wilk 7=I.

0.22s 22
Ha) -2+ 0.6713|-
+0
H) 0 2252 +z-J|
- z ) + 0.6713(1-2)(1+z)+02)52(I+z)*

H 0.2252+ 0.4so4z+0 222 2

2
-2+ +0.67113 -0-67t[3z+0 2 2 + 04so4zt0272
1376Z+0.u83z-
Ha) 0-22 S2 t0.4 So42"+o-22S22_ O.l188+0

896 -1J446a + 0-sSiZ-2 - O /732+0 2922 z2

ckubyskuPF uith -2dB Cutt at 1oo Ha

CDeny a dligjial
20d3 o grealon at soo H2 onol Aamhliig
Staploauel atisuualong
Yaia 4000 nples/see.
20oT, rad/&ec
Kp=-ad8, wp= 2T NOOT=
Sol Dgtal len Apec:
0O7T yad (sec
Ks - 2 0 , w = 2T SDo-T
W=AT 4000
S ec
000
p O 0ST, = O.25T
i) PseuOaped bond-edpe frequeueBA;
ELT alno T See
HAAU Me T:1set Cenider ajklyg
Ap =ton ( ) 0.1S7 =
=ton ( 08284,
-2 Hs -20dg
p

Kp20 g -2, e =o.7648 E =/1o

Ks =
20 og d=-20, 6 = o-1
P= 4 =13. o 013 A= =S.263

NZ Log(PtpT L 1.389
389 33
+n-] 7-O183
g
N 2
86

= 0.0 895
7 p( )= 018 2
2p
 -135 4,-22s
So =
-0-06 33 +j o. 128
S -o o633 - jo.128 -S
K
futn H)Ha s.)-sS)
2

ehonunetis =(S+o-0633)"+(0-128) :S+O 1 266S + 0 0204

bi bo
Cunel K =
JI+E2
K= O.0162
O.0162
HaCS)=
s2t 0.1266S +O.0204

ug BLT i h T = l s e e
O-0l62
HC2 Has2-2 21-2 2+01266xl-270.o1o
lt2-1) t2
0.o162 +z-1/
4 1 - z - + 0.1266 2 [I-2+z- +00104 (i+z-y

daho nun aG A -
8ZHZ* + O.2S32 -

0:2S32Z*+ 0 o20, +0 0408 2

t0204Z-2

42736 7-S92z-+37672 z-2

O 0162 +0-0324z7+ 0.0l62z-2
.:H2)
4 2736-7.9s92 2+3.767222