JMSS Science Reasoning Test - Set 1

Instructions
• Do not open this booklet until told to do so by your teacher.

• Use only a B or 2B pencil.

• Answers must be recorded on the answer sheet provided. There is no penalty for an incorrect answer.

• Calculators may be used.

• Diagrams are not necessarily drawn to scale.

• Time: 50 minutes

• 40 Questions. All questions have equal marks.

 JMSS Science Reasoning Test - Set 1

Instructions
• Do not open this booklet until told to do so by your teacher.

• Use only a B or 2B pencil.

• Answers must be recorded on the answer sheet provided. There is no penalty for an incorrect answer.

• Calculators may be used.

• Diagrams are not necessarily drawn to scale.

• Time: 50 minutes

• 40 Questions. All questions have equal marks.

Informational Section 1: Energy Transfer

Energy can be transferred through various mechanisms including conduction, convection, and radi-
ation. Conduction involves the transfer of heat through direct contact between substances. Convection
is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases). Radiation involves the transfer
of heat through electromagnetic waves, and does not require a medium to travel through.

1. Which of these processes involves heat transfer through electromagnetic waves?

a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) All of the above
2. According to the information given, what type of matter does convection occur in?
a) Solids
b) Liquids only
c) Gases only
d) Fluids
3. A metal spoon is placed in a hot drink. Which of these methods is primarily responsible for the
spoon heating up?
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) All of the above.

Informational Section 2: The Rock Cycle

The rock cycle is a continuous process that transforms rocks from one type to another. Igneous
rocks form from the cooling of molten magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form from the compaction and
cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are transformed by heat and
pressure. All rocks can become sediments through weathering and erosion.
4. What type of rock is created from the compaction of sediments?
a) Igneous
b) Sedimentary
c) Metamorphic
d) All of the above.

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5. According to the information given what is the name of the process that occurs when molten rock
cools.
a) Metamorphosis
b) Crystallisation
c) Sedimentation
d) Weathering
6. According to the information in section 2 what is needed to transform one type of rock to a
metamorphic rock?

a) Weathering
b) Erosion
c) Heat and pressure
d) Sedimentation

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Informational Section 3: Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms and molecules. In a chemical reaction, re-
actants are transformed into products. Reactants are the starting materials, and products are the
substances that are formed. The law of conservation of mass states that in a closed system, the total
mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products. This means that atoms cannot be
created or destroyed in a reaction.
7. What is the name given to the starting materials of a chemical reaction?
a) Products
b) Reactants
c) Molecules
d) Atoms
8. According to the law of conservation of mass what can be said about the mass of reactants compared
to the mass of products in a chemical reaction?
a) Reactants have a higher mass.
b) Products have a higher mass.
c) They will be the same.
d) This law does not apply to chemical reactions
9. According to the text what is it that is rearranged in chemical reactions?
a) Elements
b) Molecules and atoms
c) Products
d) Reactants

Informational Section 4: Photosynthesis and Respiration

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, using carbon
dioxide (CO2 ) and water (H2 O) to produce glucose (C6 H12 O6 ) and oxygen (O2 ). Respiration is the
process by which organisms break down glucose to release energy, using oxygen and producing carbon
dioxide and water as byproducts. These two processes form a cycle.
10. According to the information given in section 4 which of these are inputs to the photosynthesis
reaction?
a) Glucose and oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide and water
c) Glucose and water
d) Carbon dioxide and oxygen
11. Based on the information in section 4 what does the respiration process create?
a) Glucose
b) Light energy
c) Oxygen and water
d) Carbon dioxide and water
12. Based on the text how are photosynthesis and respiration linked?
a) They use the same ingredients.
b) They create the same outputs.
c) They form a cycle.
d) They have no link.

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Informational Section 5: Wave Properties
Waves are disturbances that transfer energy without transferring matter. Waves can be either trans-
verse, where the disturbance moves perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer, or longitudinal,
where the disturbance moves parallel to the direction of energy transfer. Key properties of waves include
wavelength (the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs), frequency (the number of waves pass-
ing a point in a second), and amplitude (the maximum displacement of the wave from its equilibrium
position).

13. Which type of wave has the disturbance moving parallel to the direction of energy transfer?
a) Transverse
b) Longitudinal
c) All waves
d) None of the above.
14. According to section 5 what is the name of the term that describes the distance between two wave
crests?
a) Frequency
b) Amplitude
c) Wavelength
d) Period
15. What does amplitude describe according to the provided text?
a) The number of waves passing a point in a second
b) The maximum displacement of the wave
c) The distance between two adjacent crests.
d) The speed at which a wave travels

Standalone Questions
16. A car is travelling at a constant speed along a straight road. What is true of the resultant force
on the car?
a) The resultant force must be large.
b) The resultant force must be small.
c) The resultant force must be zero.
d) The resultant force must be acting in the opposite direction to the car’s motion.

17. A ball is thrown upwards, and then falls back to earth. What force is primarily responsible for it
falling back to earth?
a) Air resistance
b) Friction
c) Applied force.
d) Gravity
18. What is the main function of chlorophyll in plants?
a) To absorb water.
b) To absorb carbon dioxide
c) To absorb light energy
d) To facilitate respiration.

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19. A rock has a mass of 150g and a density of 3g/cm3 , What is its volume?
a) 50cm3
b) 450cm3
c) 147cm3
d) 0.02cm3
20. Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for carbon dioxide?
a) CO
b) H2 O
c) CO2
d) O2
21. What is the primary function of the cell nucleus?
a) To generate energy.
b) To control cell activities
c) To synthesize proteins
d) To provide structural support.
22. Which of these is the correct description of transverse waves?
a) Waves where the disturbance moves parallel to the direction of energy transfer.
b) Waves where the disturbance moves perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.
c) Waves that travel through a vacuum.
d) Waves that travel through solids.
23. What is the name given to the positively charged particles in an atom?
a) Electrons
b) Neutrons
c) Protons
d) Ions
24. In a closed system what is said to occur to the amount of energy?
a) Energy is destroyed.
b) Energy is created.
c) Energy is increased.
d) Energy is conserved
25. What is the main function of the ribosomes in a cell?
a) To provide structural support.
b) To generate energy.
c) To synthesize proteins
d) To transport materials.
26. What force is mainly responsible for tides on earth?
a) The gravitational pull of the moon
b) The magnetic force of the sun
c) Solar flares from the sun
d) The rotation of the earth

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Experimental Based Questions
27. A student wants to investigate if the colour of a material affects how much heat it absorbs. They set
up three pieces of different coloured material (black, white and grey) and expose them to sunlight
for 10 minutes. What is the most important thing the student needs to do next in order to gather
data for this experiment?
a) Measure the area of each sample.
b) Measure the mass of each sample
c) Measure the starting temperature of each sample.
d) Measure the temperature of each sample.
28. A student conducts an experiment to see what affect salt has on the boiling point of water. They
prepare four beakers with different amounts of salt in them and then heat them until boiling. What
factor in this experiment needs to be kept as a control?
a) The amount of salt
b) The type of beaker used.
c) The time they are heated for.
d) The heat source
29. A student conducts an experiment to test how the amount of water affects the growth of bean
plants. They set up five different plant pots with different amounts of water in each pot. What is
the independent variable in this experiment?
a) The size of the plant.
b) The amount of light the plants get.
c) The amount of water given.
d) The type of plant

30. A student tests the effect of different types of soil on the growth of flowers. They grow a number of
identical flowers in 3 different soil types (clay, sand and compost) and measures their growth after
2 weeks. What should be the next step they need to take in order to make a strong conclusion?
a) Measure the temperature of the soil.
b) Measure the PH of the soil.
c) Repeat their experiment multiple times.
d) Use the soil for another experiment.