PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA PITAMPURA SHIFT-1

CLASS-XII
CHAPTER-10 VECTOR ALGEBRA
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1 ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧
Find 𝜆 when projection of 𝑎⃗ = 𝜆𝑖 + 𝑗 + 4𝑘 on 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖 + 6𝑗 + 3𝑘 is 4
units.
𝑎⃗⃗.𝑏⃗⃗
Projection formula, 𝑝 = ⃗⃗|
|𝑏
2𝜆 + 6 + 12 2𝜆 + 18
4= ⇒4=
√22 + 62 + 32 7
⇒𝜆=5
2 If 𝑎,
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ are three mutually perpendicular unit vectors, then
find |2𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗| .
2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗| = (2𝑎
|2𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗). (2𝑎⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗)
=2𝑎⃗. 2𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 2.2𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 2. 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 2. 𝑐⃗. 2𝑎⃗
=4 + 1 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 6 (∵ 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 𝑐⃗. 𝑎⃗ = 0)
So, |2𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗| = √6
3 Let 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 4𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ and 𝑐⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂. Find a vector of
magnitude 6 units, which is parallel to the vector 2𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ + 3𝑐⃗ .
2𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ + 3𝑐⃗ = 2(𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) − (4𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂) + 3(𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂)
= 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂
̂
𝑖̂−2𝑗̂ +2𝑘 ̂
𝑖̂−2𝑗̂ +2𝑘
Unit vector = =
√9 3
𝑖̂−2𝑗̂ +2𝑘̂
Vector of magnitude 6=6 × = 2 × (𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂) = 2𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂
3
4 Let 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂, 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ and 𝑐⃗ = 7𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂. Find a vector 𝑑⃗ which is
perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗  𝑑⃗ = 1.
Vector 𝑑⃗ is perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
So, 𝑑 = 𝜆(𝑎⃗ × 𝑏) = |1 −1 0 | = 𝜆(𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂)
⃗ ⃗⃗
0 3 −1

Given, 𝑐⃗ 𝑑 = 1.
⃗
So, (7𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂). 𝜆(𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂) = 1
𝜆(7 + 0 − 3) = 1
1
𝜆=
4
1
⇒ 𝑑⃗ = (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂)
4
5 ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧
Find the value of p for which 𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 9𝑘 and 𝑏 = 𝑖 + 𝑝𝑗 + 3𝑘 ⃗⃗
are parallel vectors.
3 2 9 2
Vectors are parallel. So, = = ⇒ 𝑝 =
1 𝑝 3 3
6 If |𝑎⃗| = 3 , |𝑏⃗⃗|= 2 and 𝑎⃗  𝑏⃗⃗ = 3, find the angle between a and b .
𝑎⃗  𝑏⃗⃗ = |𝑎⃗| |𝑏⃗⃗| cos 𝜃
𝑎⃗  𝑏⃗⃗ 3 √3
cos 𝜃 = = =
|𝑎⃗| |𝑏⃗⃗| √3. 2 2
∴ 𝜃 = 300
7 If 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are two vectors such that |𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗|, then find the
angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗.
|𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗|
|𝑎⃗| |𝑏⃗⃗| cos 𝜃 = |𝑎⃗| |𝑏⃗⃗| sin 𝜃
tan 𝜃 = 1
∴ 𝜃 = 450
8 Find |→ 𝑥 |, if for a unit vector → 𝑎 , (→ 𝑥 +→ 𝑎 ). (→𝑥 −→
𝑎 ) = 20.
→ → → →
( 𝑥 + 𝑎 ). ( 𝑥 − 𝑎 ) = 20
2 2
|→
𝑥 | − |→ 𝑎 | = 20
2
|→𝑥 | − 12 = 20
|→𝑥 | = √21
9 If |𝑎⃗| =√26, |𝑏⃗⃗| =7 |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| =35, find 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗.
2 2 2 → 2
|𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| + |𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗| = |→
𝑎| .|𝑏|
2 2
352 + |𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗| = √26 . 72
2 2
|𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗| = √26 . 72 − 352 = 1274 − 1225 = 49
𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = ±7
10 ∧ ∧ ∧
Find a vector in the direction of 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖 − 𝑗 + 2𝑘 which has
magnitude 6 units.
∧ ∧ ∧
𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖 − 𝑗 + 2𝑘
̂
2𝑖̂−𝑗̂ +2𝑘 ̂
2𝑖̂−𝑗̂ +2𝑘
Unit vector = =
√9 3
̂
2𝑖̂−𝑗̂ +2𝑘
Vector of magnitude 6=6 × = 2 × (2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂) = 4𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂
3
11 Find the area of triangle with vertices (1,1,1), (1,2,3) and (2,3,1)

Let A(1,1,1), B(1,2,3) and C(2,3,1)

So, 𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (1 − 1)𝑖̂ + (2 − 1)𝑗̂ + (3 − 1)𝑘̂ = 0𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐴𝐵
Similarly, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 = 1𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 0𝑘̂
1
Area of ABC=| × |(𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐴𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ )||
2
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐴𝐶
(𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) = |0 1 2| = (−4𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂)
1 2 0
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐴𝐶
|(𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ )| = √16 + 4 + 1 = √21
1 √21
Area of ABC=| × √21| = square unit
2 2
12 Three vectors 𝑎⃗ , 𝑏⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐⃗ satisfy the condition 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 0.
Evaluate the quantity. 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗,
. 𝑎 if |𝑎⃗| =1, |𝑏⃗⃗| =4 |𝑐⃗| =2
2
|𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗| = (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗). (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗)
0 = 𝑎⃗. 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 2. 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 2. 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 2. 𝑐⃗. 𝑎⃗
0 = 12 + 42 + 22 + 2(𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗. 𝑎⃗)
21
(𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗. 𝑎⃗) = −
2
13 ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧
If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘 and 𝑏⃗⃗ =2𝑖 − 𝑗 − 3𝑘 and 𝑐⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ,find a unit
vector parallel to the vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2𝑎 − 𝑏⃗⃗ + 3𝑐⃗
2𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ + 3𝑐⃗ = 2(𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) − (2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂) + 3(𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂)
= 3𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂
̂
3𝑖̂−3𝑗̂ +2𝑘
Unit vector =
√22
14 If 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are perpendicular vectors such that |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| = 13 and
|𝑎⃗| = 5, Find |𝑏⃗⃗|.
|𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| = 13
2
|𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| = 169
|𝑎⃗2 | + |𝑏⃗⃗ 2 | + 2𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 169
25 + |𝑏⃗⃗ 2 | + 0 = 169
|𝑏⃗⃗ 2 | = 169 − 25 = 144, So, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 12
15 Find DRs and DCs of 4𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂
DRs=(4, −2,3)
4 −2 3
DCs=( , , )
√ 29 29 29
√ √
16 Find the area of parallelogram, whose adjacent sides are
determined by the vectors 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂.
Area of parallelogram = ||(𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗)||
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
(𝑎⃗ × 𝑏) = |1 −2 3 | = (5𝑖̂ + 10𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂)
⃗⃗
2 1 −4
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|(𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝐶 )| = √25 + 100 + 25 = √150
Area of parallelogram= 5√6 square unit
17 Show that the points with position vectors
2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ,3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂, and 𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ are collinear.
𝐴𝐵 = (3 − 2)𝑖̂ + (−2 − 1)𝑗̂ + (1 + 1)𝑘̂ = 1𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Similarly, 𝐴𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −1𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
Now, A,B,C will be collinear if Area of ABC=0
1
Area of ABC=| × |(𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐴𝐶⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ )||
2
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝐶 ) = | 1 −3 2 | = (0𝑖̂ + 0𝑗̂+0𝑘̂)
−1 3 −2
 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐴𝐶
|(𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ )| = √0 + 0 + 0 = 0
So, Area of ABC=0
Hence points are collinear.
18 Find the area of a parallelogram whose diagonals are determined
by the vectors 𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂
1
Area of parallelogram=| × |(𝑑 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑2 )||
2

1
=| × |(𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗)||
2
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
(𝑎⃗ × 𝑏) = |3 1 −2| = (−2𝑖̂ − 14𝑗̂ − 10𝑘̂)
⃗⃗
1 −3 4
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|(𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝐶 )| = √4 + 156 + 100 = √260
√260 2√65
So, Area of parallelogram = = = √65square unit
2 2