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Lesson 6.Docxrain 042914

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Lesson 6.Docxrain 042914

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walllconfused
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LESSON 6:

Situational Problems Involving


Circular Functions

There are situations in the real world which involve periodic motion, a motion
which repeats itself after a definite interval of time. Circular motion is one example of
periodic motion which we encounter everyday like rising and setting of the sun, the
hands of a clock, body moves to and fro on the same path, motion of a pendulum, etc.
In this module, you will learn how to solve situational problems involving circular
functions.

WHAT IS IT
We see different kinds of motion every day. For example, the motion of the hands of a
clock, motion of the wheels of a car, etc. Did you ever notice that these types of motion
keep repeating themselves? Well, such motions are periodic in nature, and, one such
type of periodic motion is simple harmonic motion.

Simple Harmonic motion is a periodic motion that is usually modelled by either


sine or cosine function. Unimpeded movements of objects like oscillation, vibration,
rotation, and motion due to water waves are real-life occurrences that behave in simple
harmonic motion.

The bouncing motion of an object attached to a spring as shown in the activity is a


good example of simple harmonic motion. The displacement of the object as a function
of time is a sine or a cosine function. The displacement is the amplitude, and the time it
takes to complete one full cycle of motion is the period.
Equations of Simple Harmonic Motion
The displacement y (directed height or length) of an object behaving in a simple
harmonic motion with respect to time t is given by one of the following equations:

C – responsible for the horizontal shift in time


d- responsible for the vertical shift in displacement

Examples
1. Given the equation for simple harmonic motion
3π
Y =6 cos (t ¿−3)+5 ¿
4
Find:
a. Maximum displacement
b. Frequency
c. Value of y at t y= 4

Solutions:
a. The maximum displacement is equal to the amplitude. Thus, the maximum
displacement is equal to 6.

b. Frequency = |b| 4
=
3π
| |
=
3 cycle perunit of time
2π 2π 8
c. To find the value of d at t = 4, substitute t = 4 to the equation

2. Spring-Mass System A weight is suspended from a spring and is moving up


and down in simple harmonic motion. At start, the weight is pulled down 5 cm
below the resting position, and then released. After 8 seconds, the weight
reaches its highest location for the first time. Find the equation of the motion.

Solution:
The weight is located at its lowest position at t =0. That is, y ý 5 when t=0. Thus,
the equations are y = -5cosbt.

Because it took 8 seconds to reach the highest point, half the period is 8
seconds. Then,
1 2π
2 b
=8 ( )
Solving for b, we get
π
=8
b
π
b¿ 8

πt
Therefore the equation of the motion is y=−5 cos
8

3. Signal Buoy A signal buoy in Laguna Bay bobs up and down with the height h of
its transmitter (in feet) above sea level modeled by h(t) = asin bt  d at time t (in
seconds). During a small squall, its height varies from 1 ft. to 9 ft. above sea
level, and it takes 3.5 seconds from one 9-ft height to the next. Find the values of
the constants a, b, and d.
4. Ferris Wheel Suppose you ride in a Ferris wheel. The lowest point of the wheel
is 4 meters off the ground, and its diameter is 20 meters. After it started, the
Ferris wheel revolves at a constant speed, and it takes 32.

Solution:

Ignore first the fixed value of 4 m off the ground, and assume that the central
position passes through the center of the wheel and is parallel to the ground.

Let t be the time elapsed that you have been riding the Ferris wheel
y be the distance of your location with respect to the assumed central
position at t.
5.Variable Star A variable star is a star whose brightness fluctuates as observed
from Earth. The magnitude of visual brightness of one variable star ranges from 3
to 11.2, and it takes 250 days to observe one maximum brightness to the next.
Assuming that the visual brightness of the star can be modeled by the equation y
=asin b (t  c)  d, t in days, and putting t ý 0 at a time when the star is at its
maximum brightness, find the constants a, b, c, and d where a,b > 0 and c is the
least nonnegative number possible and the equation.
ACTIVITY:

Fill in the blanks.


Supply the correct term.
1. ______________. is a periodic motion where the amplitude does not change
over time.
2. The displacement of the object as a function of time in a simple harmonic
motion is ______________.
3. In a simple harmonic motion, the displacement represents the
_____________.
4. In a simple harmonic motion, the time it takes to complete one full cycle of
motion is the ____________.
5. The equation of the displacement y (directed height or length) of an object
behaving in a simple harmonic motion with respect to time t is
__________________ or _________________.
6. ____________ is the number of cycles per unit of time.

For items 7-8, assuming that there is no vertical shift; find a function that
describes a simple harmonic with following properties:

7. Sine function; displacement zero at time t = 0; moving up initially; amplitude=


6cm; period = 4 seconds.
8. Cosine function; highest point 4 cm above the equilibrium at time t= 0; period =
10 seconds.
10. Find a function that models the damped harmonic motion where k =2, c = 1.5, and f
= 3.Use a function of the form y=k ⅇ−ⅇt cos bt
ANSWER KEY:

1. Simple Harmonic Motion


2.sine or cosine function
3. Amplitude
4. Period
5. y=a sin b ( t−c ) +d
y=a cos b ( t−c ) +d

6.Frequency
π
7. y=6 sin b t
2
π
8. y=5 cos b t
5
9. y=2e−1.5 t cos 6 πt

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