Name: CHAVEZ BENZAN E.

BSMxE-2A MT 212A

Week #2: POWER TOOLS

PROGRESS CHECK:

A. Machine TOOLS

Definition:

. Machine tools are essential devices used in manufacturing to shape and create
parts with high precision and are powered devices designed to perform mechanical
operations such as cutting, shaping, drilling, grinding, and other processes to create or
modify parts. These instruments are crucial to the manufacturing and fabrication sectors
because they make material removal or shaping procedures accurate, repeatable, and
effective. They frequently work with composites, wood, plastic, and metal.They enable
industries to mass-produce components and customize parts efficiently. Machine tools
are foundational in fields such as automotive, aerospace, construction, and electronics,
serving as the backbone of modern manufacturing.

General Applications of Machine Tools:

1. Manufacturing Components: Used to produce automotive parts, aerospace

components, and electronic enclosures.

2. Prototyping: Essential for developing prototypes for design validation before

mass production.

3. Tool and Die Making: Creation of molds, dies, and specialized cutting tools for
further industrial use.

4. Repair and Maintenance: Refurbishing worn components to restore them to

functional standards.

5. Customization: Producing unique parts tailored to specific needs, often in low

quantities.

Types of Machine Tools

Machine tools are classified based on their operation types or functionality. Key examples
include:

1. Lathes: Used for turning and producing cylindrical parts.

2. Milling Machines: Utilize rotary cutters for material removal and shaping.
 3. Drilling Machines: Create precise holes in materials using drill bits.

4. Grinding Machines: Provide high-precision surface finishes by abrasion.

5. Shapers and Planers: Generate flat surfaces through linear cutting motion.

6. CNC Machines: Automated and computer-controlled machines for complex

designs.

Types of Machine Tools

Machine tools are classified based on their operation types or functionality. Key examples
include:

1. Lathes: Used for turning and producing cylindrical parts.

2. Milling Machines: Utilize rotary cutters for material removal and shaping.

3. Drilling Machines: Create precise holes in materials using drill bits.

4. Grinding Machines: Provide high-precision surface finishes by abrasion.

5. Shapers and Planers: Generate flat surfaces through linear cutting motion.

6. CNC Machines: Automated and computer-controlled machines for complex

designs.

Principles of Machine Tool Operations

Machine tools operate on several fundamental principles to ensure material removal and
precise shaping:
1. Relative Motion

• Machine tools control the relative motion between the workpiece and the cutting
tool to achieve the desired shape.
Example: In a lathe, the workpiece rotates while the tool moves linearly.

2. Material Removal

• Material is removed through shearing, abrasion, or other methods to achieve the

desired shape.

Example: A milling machine removes layers of material using rotating cutters.

3. Cutting Forces and Tool Geometry

• The cutting tool’s geometry, including rake angle and sharpness, impacts efficiency
and precision.

Example: Proper tool design ensures smooth cutting with minimal resistance.

4. Control and Automation

• Modern machine tools use automated control systems, like CNC, to enhance
accuracy and reduce human error.

Example: CNC machines follow programmed instructions to create intricate

shapes with precision.

5. Heat and Vibration Management

• Managing heat and vibration is critical for tool life and part quality.

Example: Coolants are used to dissipate heat and maintain dimensional accuracy.

Advancements in Machine Tools

Modern advancements, such as computer numerical control (CNC), have revolutionized

the capabilities of machine tools. CNC systems automate machining processes, allowing
for intricate designs, higher productivity, and reduced waste. Additionally, the integration
of sensors and IoT technology has further enhanced operational monitoring and
predictive maintenance.

B. Power tools
Indispensable devices in construction, manufacturing, woodworking, and DIY tasks.
Power tools are tools activated by an external power source rather than manual
effort. They are powered by electricity, compressed air, batteries, or internal combustion
engines, providing enhanced efficiency, speed, and precision compared to manual tools.
They are designed to perform specific tasks more efficiently, saving time and reducing
physical labor. These tools come in 9a wide variety, catering to both professional and
household applications. Power tools enable users to perform tasks like cutting, drilling,
sanding, and fastening with ease and accuracy.

General Applications of Power Tools

1. Construction: Used for cutting, drilling, fastening, and shaping materials like
wood, concrete, and metal.
 2. Woodworking: Essential for shaping, carving, and finishing wooden components.

3. Metalworking: Employed for cutting, grinding, welding, and polishing metals.

4. DIY Projects: Handy for home repairs, furniture assembly, and creative projects.

5. Automotive Maintenance: Tools like impact wrenches and grinders facilitate

vehicle repair.

Types of Power Tools

Power tools are categorized based on their operation type and functionality. Common
types include:

1. Drills: Used for creating holes in various materials. Cordless drills are highly
portable.

2. Saws: Include circular saws, jigsaws, and reciprocating saws for cutting materials
like wood and metal.

3. Grinders: Used for grinding, polishing, or cutting hard materials.

4. Sanders: Ideal for smoothing surfaces using abrasive sheets.

5. Impact Wrenches: Provide high torque for fastening or loosening bolts and nuts.

6. Nail Guns: Automate the process of driving nails into wood or other materials.

7. Heat Guns: Deliver focused hot air for stripping paint, soldering, or bending plastic.

Principles of Operation

Power tools operate on fundamental principles to enhance performance and

precision:

1. Power Source

• Tools are powered by electricity (corded or battery-operated), compressed air

(pneumatic), or combustion.

Example: A cordless drill uses a rechargeable battery for portability and

convenience.

2. Motor Action

• A motor converts electrical or mechanical energy into rotational or linear motion,

enabling the tool to function.

Example: An angle grinder’s motor spins a disc to cut or polish materials.

 3. Mechanical Advantage

Gears, levers, and mechanisms amplify the input power to perform heavy-duty tasks
efficiently.

Example: A power saw's blade moves faster and cuts deeper with minimal effort.

4. Tool-Specific Functions

• Each tool is engineered for specific operations, optimizing its design for the
intended task.

Example: A jigsaw’s reciprocating motion is ideal for curved cuts.

Advantages of Power Tools

1. Efficiency: Perform tasks faster and with less physical effort.

2. Precision: Deliver consistent results, especially in tasks requiring accuracy.

3. Versatility: Suitable for a wide range of applications across different materials.

4. Ease of Use: Modern designs prioritize user comfort and ergonomic handling.

C. Electric-Powered Tools
Electric-powered tools use electricity as their primary energy source, either through a cord
connected to an outlet or rechargeable batteries. They are widely used in construction,
woodworking, and home improvement due to their efficiency and ease of use.

Examples:

• Corded drills
• Circular saws

• Grinders

• Electric screwdrivers

Applications:

• Construction: Cutting and shaping materials like wood, metal, and plastic.

• DIY Projects: Ideal for tasks around the home, such as furniture assembly and
repairs.

• Manufacturing: Used in assembly lines for precision and speed.

Advantages:

1. Continuous operation for corded tools.

2. Portable options available with cordless models.

3. Reliable and consistent power output.

Limitations:

1. Dependency on electricity or battery life.

2. Heavier due to batteries in cordless models.

D. Pneumatic-Powered Tools

Pneumatic tools are powered by compressed air supplied by an air compressor. These
tools are known for their high power-to-weight ratio and are commonly used in industrial
and automotive applications.

Examples:

• Air wrenches

• Nail guns

• Spray guns

• Pneumatic drills
Applications:

• Automotive Industry: Fastening and removing nuts and bolts.

• Construction: Driving nails or staples into wood or other materials.

• Painting: Spray painting for smooth and even finishes.

Advantages:

1. Lightweight and easy to handle.

2. High power output for demanding tasks.

3. Less prone to overheating.

Limitations:

1. Requires a constant supply of compressed air.

2. Limited portability due to the air compressor.

3. Noise levels can be high.

E. Hydraulic-Powered Tools

Hydraulic tools operate using pressurized fluid, typically oil, to generate force. These tools
are designed for heavy-duty applications requiring immense power and precision.

Examples:

• Hydraulic jacks

• Crimping tools
• Hydraulic cutters

• Press machines
Applications:

• Construction: Lifting heavy loads and cutting reinforced materials.

• Industrial Maintenance: Pressing and forming metal parts.

• Emergency Services: Hydraulic cutters are used in rescue operations.

Advantages:
1. Extremely powerful and capable of handling heavy loads.

2. Smooth and controlled operation.

3. Durable and reliable for long-term use.

Limitations:

1. Requires hydraulic fluid maintenance.

2. Heavy and less portable compared to other power tools.

3. Risk of fluid leaks, which can be hazardous.

F. Fuel-Powered Tools

Fuel-powered tools rely on internal combustion engines that use gasoline, diesel, or
propane as their energy source. These tools are ideal for outdoor and remote applications
where electricity or air supply is unavailable.
Examples:

• Chainsaws
 • Generators

• Lawn mowers

• Concrete saws

Applications:
• Forestry: Cutting trees and trimming branches.

• Landscaping: Mowing grass and cutting large vegetation.

• Construction: Cutting concrete and asphalt in remote locations.

Advantages:

1. Highly portable and independent of external power sources.

2. Powerful enough for heavy-duty outdoor tasks.

3. Reliable in off-grid environments.

Limitations:
1. Noise and emissions contribute to environmental concerns.

2. Requires fuel storage and refueling.

3. Higher maintenance due to engine wear and tear.

ENUMERATION:

A. Give at least 10 examples of Electric Tools

1.Electric Drill: Used for drilling holes and driving screws into materials like wood,
metal, or plastic.
 2.Circular Saw: A powerful tool for cutting wood, metal, and other materials in
straight lines.

3.Jigsaw: Used for cutting curves and intricate patterns in wood, metal, or plastic.

4. Angle Grinder: A versatile tool for cutting, grinding, and polishing hard materials
like metal and concrete.
5. Electric Screwdriver: A compact tool for driving screws quickly and efficiently.

6. Electric Sander: Smooths surfaces by abrasion, ideal for finishing woodworking

projects.

7. Heat Gun: Emits hot air for stripping paint, bending plastics, or drying materials.
8. Electric Planer: Removes thin layers of wood to smooth or shape surfaces.

9. Rotary Tool: A multifunctional tool for engraving, sanding, cutting, and polishing.

10. Electric Chainsaw: Used for cutting trees and trimming branches, often quieter
than gas-powered models.
B. Give at least 10 examples of Hydraulic Tools.

1. Hydraulic Jack: Lifts heavy loads like vehicles during repairs.

2. Hydraulic Crimping Tool: Compresses connectors onto cables or wires.

3. Hydraulic Press: Applies pressure to shape or compress materials.

4. Hydraulic Cutter: Cuts metal or reinforced materials, often used in rescue
operations.

5. Hydraulic Torque Wrench: Tightens or loosens bolts with precise torque.

6. Hydraulic Bender: Bends pipes, rods, or other materials.

7. Hydraulic Puller: Removes gears, pulleys, or bearings with controlled force.

8. Hydraulic Shear: Cuts through sheet metal or thick materials.

9. Hydraulic Punch: Creates holes in metal or other materials.

10. Hydraulic Excavator Arm: Used in construction for digging or moving heavy
loads.

C. Give at least 10 examples of Pneumatic Tools.

1. Air Drill: Used for drilling holes in various materials, powered by compressed air.

2. Pneumatic Nail Gun: Drives nails or staples quickly and efficiently.

3. Air Impact Wrench: Tightens or loosens bolts with high torque.

4. Pneumatic Ratchet Wrench: Ideal for fast tightening or loosening in tight spaces.
5. Air Grinder: Used for grinding, cutting, and polishing.

6. Pneumatic Sander: Smoothens surfaces using compressed air.

7. Spray Gun: Applies paint or coatings evenly, often used in automotive or furniture
work.
8. Air Chisel: Removes tiles, rivets, or other hard materials.

9. Pneumatic Die Grinder: Used for precision grinding and polishing.

10. Air Stapler: Drives staples into materials for upholstery or construction.
 D. Give at least 10 examples of Fuel-powered Tools

1. Chainsaw: Cuts trees and branches; powered by gasoline or diesel.

2. Concrete Saw: Used for cutting concrete, asphalt, or masonry in construction.

3. Lawn Mower: Trims grass; typically powered by gasoline or propane.

4. Leaf Blower: Clears leaves and debris; often fuel-powered for high mobility.
5. Portable Generator: Provides electricity in remote areas or during power outages.

6. Brush Cutter: Cuts thick grass, weeds, and small bushes.

7. Gasoline-Powered Post Driver: Installs fence posts efficiently.

8. Power Auger: Drills holes in soil for planting or installing poles.

9. Snow Blower: Clears snow from driveways and pathways

S
10. Fuel-Powered Pressure Washer: Delivers high-pressure water for cleaning tasks
in areas without electric supply.