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MATH 10 Q2 Module 6

Science and mathematics department (Koronadal National Comprehensive High School)

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10
Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Applies the Distance Formula
to Prove some Geometric
Properties
(M10GE-IIg-2)

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Mathematics– Grade 10
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Applies the Distance Formula to Prove Geometric Properties
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mezyel T. Tabarno, MSciEd-Math
Editors: (Language/Social Content): Rachelle T. Amando, PhD/George S. Hofer
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Applying the

Distance Formula to Prove Geometric Properties!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Applying the

Distance Formula to Prove Geometric Properties!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

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What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Applying the Distance Formula to Prove Geometric Properties and other
concepts related to it. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – The Distance Formula
 Lesson 2 – The Midpoint Formula
 Lesson 3 – Coordinate Proof
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. determine the distance formula;
2. determine the midpoint formula;
3. applies the distance formula to prove some geometric properties; and
4. solve problems involving distance formula.

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What I Know

Let us find out how much you already know about the distance formula and
how it applies to prove some geometric properties by answering the questions
below.

1.) Which of the following represents the distance d between the two points (x1,
y1) and (x2, y2)?
A. d = (x2 + x1)2 + (y2 + y1)2 C. d = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2
C. d = (x2 + x1)2 - (y2 + y1)2 D. d = (x2 – x1)2 - (y2 - y1)2

2.) Point L is the midpoint of KM. Which of the following is true about the
distance among K, L and M?
A. KL = KM B. LM = KM C. 2│KM│= KL + LM D. KL = LM
3.) A map is drawn on a grid where 1 unit is equivalent to 1 km. On the same
map, the coordinates of the point corresponding to Rosary Heights IV is
(4,9). Suppose Rosary Heights IV is 13 km away from Rosary Heights X.
Which of the following could be the coordinates of the point corresponding to
Rosary Heights X?
A. (-13, 0) B. (16, 4) C. (4, 16) D. (0, 13)
4.) What is the distance between the points M(-3, 1) and N(7, -3)?
A. 6 B. 2√29 C. 14 D. 4√29
5.) What are the coordinates of the midpoint of a segment whose endpoints are
(-1, -3) and (11, 7)?
A. (2, 5) B. (6, 5) C. (-5, -2) D. (5, 2)
6.) What proof uses figures on a coordinate plane to prove geometric properties?
A. indirect proof C. direct proof
B. coordinate proof D. two-column proof
7.) The coordinates of the vertices of a square are H(3, 8), I(15, 8), J(15, -4), and
K(3, -4). What is the length of a diagonal of the square?
A. 4 B. 8 C. 12 D. 12√ 2
8.) The coordinates of the vertices of a triangle are T(-1,-3), O(7,5), and P(7, -2).
What is the length of the segment joining the midpoint of OT and P?
A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. √7
9.) What figure is formed when the points A (3, 7), B (11, 10), C (11, 5), and D
(3, 2) are connected consecutively?
A. parallelogram B. trapezoid C. square D. rectangle

10.) A new transmission tower will be put up midway between two

existing towers. On a map drawn on a coordinate plane, the
coordinates of the first existing tower are (-5, -3) and the coordinates
of the second existing tower are (9, 13). What are the coordinates of
the point where the new tower will be placed?

A. (2, 5) B. (7, 8) C.(4, 10) D. (14, 16)

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11.) In the parallelogram below, what are the coordinates of Q?

P(a,c) Q

x
R(b,0)
S(0,0)

A. (a, b+c) B. (a+b, c) C. (a-b, c) D. (a, b-c)

12.) P and Q are points on the coordinate plane as shown in the

figure below.
y

P 5 Q

0 x
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

-1

-2

A. │-2 -5│ B. │8 -5│ C. │8 -2│ D. │-2 -8│

13.) A tracking device in a car indicates that it is located at a point whose

coordinates are (17, 14). In the tracking device, each unit on the grid is
equivalent to 5 km. How far is the car from its starting point whose coordinates
are (1, 2)?
A. 100 km B. 110 km C. 120 km D. 130 km
14.) Point F is 5 units from point D whose coordinates are (6, 2). If the x-
coordinate of F is 10 and lies in the first quadrant, what is its y-coordinate?
A. -3 B. -1 C. 5 D. 7

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15.) Diana, Jolina, and Patricia live in three different places. The location of
their houses are shown on a coordinate plane below.

y
11
Jolina
10

8
Diana 7

2 Patricia

0 x
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

-1

-2

About how far is Jolina’s house from Diana’s house?

A. 10 units B. 10.58 units C. 11.4 units D. 12 units

Well done! You are now ready for the next set of activities.

Lesson Applying the Distance

Formula to Prove
6 Geometric Properties
Another module is set for you to explore. Are you excited to know more
about this? After going through this module, you are expected to demonstrate
understanding of key concepts of plane coordinate geometry particularly the
distance formula, midpoint formula and coordinate proof. Also, you are expected to
formulate and solve problems involving geometric figures on the rectangular
coordinate plane. (M10GE-IIg-2)

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What’s In

In your previous lessons, you have learned to prove theorems on secants,

tangents and segments and solve problems on circles. You were also given the
opportunity to design something practical where tangents and secant segments are
illustrated and applied. Your understanding of this lesson and other previously
learned mathematical concepts and principles will help your learning of the
succeeding lessons in Mathematics. Now, let us try to look back and relate it to our
discussion.

Notes to the Teacher

This part will try to connect previously learned topic on

how to find the measurements of a given segments. Explore
every concept and try to apply it in real-life problems.

Use the number line below to find the length of each of the following
segments and then answer the questions that follow.

A B C D E F G

-11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1. AB 4. DE

2. BC 5. EF

3. CD 6. FG

Questions:

1. How did you find the length of each segment?

2. Did you use the coordinates of the points in finding the length of each segment?
3. Which segments are congruent?

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Answer:
1. 4 units 4. 2 units
2. 4 units 5. 3 units
3. 6 units 6. 1 unit

Very Good! You really did a good job. You’re now ready for the next set of
activities.

What’s New

This module focuses on the distance formula, the midpoint formula and the
coordinate proof for some geometric properties. Read the problem below and
answer the questions that follow.

Jose lives 5 km away from the plaza. Every Saturday, he meets Emilio and
Diego for a morning exercise. In going to the plaza, Emilio has to travel 6 km to the
west while Diego has to travel 8 km to the south. The location of their houses and
the plaza are illustrated on the coordinate plane as shown below.
y

13 Diego's
House
12

11

10

5 Plaza
Emilio's
4 House
City Hall
3

0 x
Jose's 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
House

Gasoline
Station

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1. How far is Emilio’s house from Diego’s house?

2. Suppose the City Hall is 4 km north of Jose’s house. How far is it from the
Plaza? From Emilio’s house?
3. How far is the gasoline station from Jose’s house if it is 4 km south of
Emilio’s house?
4. What are the coordinates of the points corresponding to the houses of
Jose, Emilio, and Diego?
5. If the City Hall is 4 km north of Jose’s house, what are the coordinates of
the point corresponding to it?

Good job! You are now ready to work more on Arithmetic Sequence

What is It

Below are important terminologies, notations and symbols that you must
learn and remember about the distance formula, the midpoint formula and the
coordinate proof for some geometric properties.

Distance between Two Points

The distance between two points is always nonnegative. It is a positive when
the two points are different, and zero if the points are the same. If P and Q are two
points, then the distance from P to Q is the same as the distance from Q to P. That
is, PQ = QP.

Consider two points that are aligned horizontally or vertically on the

coordinate plane. The horizontal distance between these points is the absolute
value of the difference of their x- coordinates. Likewise, the vertical distance
between these points is the absolute value of the difference of their y – coordinates.

Example 1. Find the distance between P (3, 2) and Q(10, 2).

Solution:

2 P Q

0
x
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

-1

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Since P and Q are aligned horizontally, then PQ = │10 -3│or PQ = 7

Example 2. Determine the distance between A(4, 3) and B(4, -5).
Solution:

3 A

0
x
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Points A and B are on the same vertical line. So
-1 the distance between them is AB = │3 – (-5)│.
-2
This can be simplified to AB = │3 + 5│ or AB = 8
-3

-4

-5 B

-6

The Distance Formula

The distance between two points, whether or not they are aligned
horizontally or vertically, can be determined using the distance formula.

Consider the points P and Q whose coordinates are (x 1, y1) and (x2, y2),
respectively. The distance d between these points can be determined using the
distance formula

d = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 or PQ = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 .

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10

8 Q(X2, Y2)

6
PQ
5

2 P(X1, Y1)

0
x
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

-1

-2

Example: Find the distance between P(1,3) and Q(7,11).

Solution:
To find the distance between P and Q, the following procedures can be followed.
1. Let (x1, y1) = (1, 3) and (x2, y2) = (7, 11).

2. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2, and y2 in the distance formula
PQ = (x2 – x1)2 + ( y2 – y1 )2 .
3. Solve the resulting equation.
PQ = (7 – 1)2 + (11 – 3)2
= (6)2 + (8)2
= 36 + 64
= 100
= 10
The Midpoint Formula
If L (x1, y1) and N(x2, y2) are the endpoints of a segment and M is the
x 1 + x 2 , y1 + y2
midpoint, then the coordinates of M = . This is also referred to as
2 2
the Midpoint Formula.

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10 N(X2, Y2)

6 X1 +X2 , Y1 +Y2
M
2 2
5

2
L(X1, Y1)
1

0
x
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

-1

Example:
The coordinates of the endpoints of LG are (-3, -2) and (8, 9), respectively. What are
the coordinates of its midpoint M?
Solution:
Let x1 = -3, y1 = -2, x2 = 8 and y2 = 9. Substitute these values into the formula

x 1 + x 2 , y1 + y2
M= 2 2 .

-3 + 8 , -2 + 9 5 ,7
M= or M = 2 2
2 2

5 ,7
The coordinates of the midpoint of LG are …
2 2

Using the Distance Formula in Proving Geometric Properties.

Many geometric properties can be proven by using a coordinate plane. A

proof that uses figures on a coordinate plane to prove geometric properties is called
coordinate proof.

To prove geometric properties using the methods of coordinate geometry,

consider the following guidelines for placing figures on a coordinate plane.

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1. Use the origin as vertex or center of a figure.

2. Place at least one side of a polygon on an axis.
3. If possible, keep the figure within the first quadrant.
4. Use coordinates that make computations simple and easy. Sometimes, using
coordinates that are multiples of two would make the computation easier.
In some coordinate proofs, the Distance Formula is applied.
Example:

Prove that the diagonals of a rectangle are congruent using the methods of
coordinate geometry.
Solution:
A B

D C

Given: ABCD with diagonals AC and BD

Prove: AC ≡ BD

To prove:
1. Place ABCD on a coordinate plane.

B C

A D

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2. Label the coordinates as shown below.

B (0, b ) C( a, b)

A(0,0) D(a, 0)

a. Find the distance between A and C.

Given: A(0,0) and C(a,b)

AC = (a – 0)2 + (b – 0)2

AC = a2 + b2

b. Find the distance between B and D.

Given: B(0, b) and D(a, 0)

BD = (a – 0)2 + (0- b)2

BD = a2 + b2

Since AC = a2 + b2 and BD = a2 + b2, then AC = BD by

substitution.

Therefore, AC ≡ BD. The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.

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What’s More

Let us try to apply the key concepts of the distance formula including the
midpoint formula and the coordinate proof. Use the mathematical ideas and the
examples presented in the preceding section to perform the following activities.
A. Find the distance between each pair of points on the coordinate plane.
1. M(2, -3) and N(10, 3)
2. P(3, -7) and Q(3, 8)
3. C(-4, 3) and D(7, 6)
4. A(2, 3) and B(14, 8)
5. X(-3, 9) and Y(2, 5)
B. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment whose endpoints are given
below.
1. M(-9, 15) and N(-7, 3)
2. Q(0, 8) and R(-10, 0)
3. D(12, 5) and E(3, 10)
4. X(-7, 11) and Y (-9, 3)
5. P(-3, 10) and T(-7, -2)

Great job! Get ready for another learning battle ahead!

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What I Have Learned

In the next activity, you will be using the different properties of geometric
figures in determining the missing coordinates.

Name the missing coordinates in terms of the given variables. Write this in
you notebook.

1. COME is a parallelogram. 2. WISE is an isosceles trapezoid.

y y

C(b, c) O(?, ?)
W(?, ?) I(b, c)

x
x E(-a, 0) S(a, 0)
E(0, 0) M(a, 0)

Very good! You are now ready for the final wave of this module.

What I Can Do

Let us further assess your knowledge and skill by trying another activity. In
this activity, you will be using the distance formula and the coordinate proof in
proving geometric relationships.
Write a coordinate proof to prove each of the following.
1. The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
P Q

Given: Trapezoid PQRS with PS ≡ QR

Prove: PR ≡ QS
S R

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2. If the diagonals of a parallelogram are congruent, then it is a rectangle.

A B
Given: Parallelogram ABCD
AC ≡ BD
Prove: Parallelogram ABCD is a rectangle.
D C

Amazing! You really did a good job!

Assessment

For you to evaluate how much you’ve learned, kindly answer the following
questions by choosing the letter of your answer.

1. Which of the following is NOT a formula for finding the distance between two
points of the coordinate plane?
A. d = │x2 – x1│ C. d = (x2 – x1)2 – (y2 –y1)2

B. d = │y2 – y1│ D. d = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 –y1)2

2. A map is drawn on a grid where 1 unit is equivalent to 2 km. on the same
map, the coordinates of the point corresponding to Rosary Heights IV is
(1,4). Suppose Rosary Heights IX is 20 km away from Rosary Heights IV.
Which of the following could be the coordinates of the point corresponding to
Rosary Heights IX?
A. (17, 16) B. (17, 10) C. (9, 10) D. (-15, 16)
3. Let M and N be points on the coordinate plane as shown in the figure below.
y

7 M

0 x
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

-1

-2

-3

-4
N
-5

If the coordinates of M and N are (5, 7) and (5, -4), which of the following
would give the distance between the two points?
A. │7 - 4│ B. │7 - 5│ C. │- 4 - 7│ D. │- 4 - 5│

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4. Point Q is the midpoint of ST. Which of the following is true about ST?
A. ST = QS + QT C. ST = 2│QS - QT│
B. ST = QS - QT D. ST = 2│QS + QT│
5. The distance between points M(x, 5) and C(5, -1) is 10 units. What is the x-
coordinate of M if it lies in the second quadrant?
A. -7 B. -3 C. -1 D. 13
6. What is the distance between points D(-10, 2) and E(6, 10)?
A.16 B. 20 C. 10√ 2 D. 8√5
7. The endpoints of a segment are (-5, 2) and (9, 12), respectively. What are the
coordinates of its midpoint?
A. (7, 5) B. (2, 7) C. (-7, 5) D. (7, 2)
8. The coordinates of the vertices of a rectangle are W(-2, 6), I(10, 6), N(10, -3),
and D(-2, -3). What is the length of a diagonal of the rectangle?
A. 7.5 B. 9 C. 12 D.15
9. The coordinates of the vertices of a triangle are G(-4, 2), O(5,-1), and T(10, 8).
What is the length of the segment joining the midpoint of GT and O?
A. 2√10 B. √58 C. 3√10 D. √106
10. What proof uses figures on a coordinate plane to prove geometric properties?
A. Indirect Proof C. Direct Proof
B. Coordinate Proof D. Two- Column Proof
11. What figure is formed when the points K(-2, 10), L(8, 8), M(6, 2), and N(-4, 4)
are connected consecutively?
A. Trapezoid B. Parallelogram C. Square D. Rectangle
12. Three speed cameras were installed at different points along an expressway.
On a map drawn on a coordinate plane, the coordinates of the first speed
camera are (-2, 4). Suppose the second camera is exactly between the other
two and its coordinates are (12, 8). What are the coordinates of the third
speed camera?
A. (26, 12) B. (26, 16) C. (22, 12) D. (22, 16)
13. In the equilateral triangle below, what are the coordinates of P?

A. (0, 2a)
P
B. (2a, 0)
C. (0, a√3)
D. (0, a√2)

R(-a, 0) Q(a, 0)

14. A tracking device in a car indicates that it is located at a point whose

coordinates are (17, 14). In the tracking device, each unit on the grid is
equivalent to 5 km. How far is the car from its starting point whose
coordinates are (1, 2)?
A. 100 km B. 110 km C. 120 km D. 130 km

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15. Jose, Andres, Emilio, and Juan live in different barangays of Magiting town
as shown on the coordinate plane below.

Andres
10

7
Jose
6

0 Town Hall
-15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

-1

Juan -2

-3

-4

-5

-7

-8 Emilio

-9

-10

Who lives the farthest from the Town Hall if it is located at the origin?
A. Jose B. Andres C. Emilio D. Juan

Great job! You did it well.

Additional Activities

Here is an additional activity to help enrich your knowledge and skill on the
application of the distance formula and the use of coordinate proofs.

1. Carmela claims that the triangle on the coordinate plane shown below is an
equilateral triangle. Do you agree with Carmela? Justify your answer on a
separate sheet.

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B(0, a)

A(-a, 0) C(a, 0)

2. A Global Positioning System (GPS) device shows that car A travelling at a

speed of 60 kph is located at a point whose coordinates are (100, 90). Behind
car A is car B, travelling in the same direction at a speed of 80 kph that is
located at a point whose coordinates are (20, 30).

10

9 Car A

2 Car B

0 x
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

-1

a. What is the distance between the two cars?

b. After how many hours will the two cars be at the same point?
Congratulations! You did well on this module! Keep it up!

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What’s More What’s New What I Know
A. 1. C
1. 8 units 1. 10 km 2. D
2. 15 units 2. 3 km, 9 km 3. B
3. 11.4 units 3. 9 km 4. B
4. 13 units 4. Jose (0, 0) 5. D
5. 6.4 units Emilio (9, 4) 6. B
B. Diego (3, 12) 7. D
1. (-8, 9) 5. (0, 4) 8. A
2. (-5, 4) 9. A
3. (15/2, 15/2) 10.A
4. (-8, 7) 11.B
5. (-5, 4) 12.D
13.A
14.C
15.C
Answer Key
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Assessment What I Have
1. C
Learned
1. O ( a + b, c)
2. C
2. W (-b, c)
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. D
9. A
10.B
11.B
12.A
13.C
14.A
15.C
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References

Mathematics Learner’s Module for Grade 10 (Pages: 221 – 251)

Mathematics Teachers Guide for Grade 10 (Pages: 198-238)

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EDITOR’S NOTE
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]

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