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Final Revision Q2

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Final Revision Q2

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ALIA ESMAT
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Revision Notes: Cloud Computing (Unit 1 Summary)

1. What is Cloud Computing?


Definition: A model enabling on-demand access to shared computing resources
(networks, servers, storage, etc.) with minimal management effort.

Features: Offers infrastructure, platform, and software as services.

Example: Hosting applications like email or CRM on the cloud.

2. History and Evolution


Developed in the 1960s by J.C.R. Licklider during ARPANet research.

Salesforce (1999) pioneered SaaS models.

Amazon's AWS (2006) introduced commercial cloud services.

Growth stages: Mainframe computing → Distributed computing → Cloud.

3. Characteristics of Cloud Computing


On-demand self-service: Provision resources as needed.

Broad network access: Accessible via internet-enabled devices.

Resource pooling: Multi-tenant model with dynamic resource allocation.

Rapid elasticity: Scales resources quickly.

Measured service: Pay-as-you-use billing.

4. Advantages
Cost-efficient (reduced hardware & maintenance).

High-speed deployment.
Improved accessibility and manageability.

Disaster recovery and backup.

5. Key Components
Clients: Devices interacting with the cloud (mobile, thin, thick clients).

Data centers: Physical infrastructure hosting services.

Distributed servers: Geographically spread, ensuring availability.

6. Applications
Data Storage: Services like Google Drive and Dropbox.

E-learning: Platforms like Google Apps for Education.

Big Data Analytics: Tools for processing large datasets.

Healthcare: Cloud solutions for remote data sharing and Telehealth.

E-commerce: Supporting scalable and agile business operations.


• Cloud computing offers various cloud management tools which help admins to
manage all types of cloud activities, such as resource deployment, data
integration, and disaster recovery.

• Cloud computing refers to manipulating, configuring, and accessing the


applications online.

• Cloud computing virtualizes systems by pooling and sharing resources.


Systems and storage can be provisioned as needed from a centralized
infrastructure, costs are assessed on a metered

basis, multi-tenancy is enabled, and resources are scalable with agility.

• Cloud computing eliminates the need for IT infrastructure updates and


maintenance since the service provider ensures timely, guaranteed, and
seamless delivery of our services and also

takes care of all the maintenance and management of our IT services according
to the service level agreement (SLA).

• Cloud computing can be expensive if you don’t know how to manage your
computing resources and take maximum advantage of them.

• Cloud computing lets us deploy the service quickly in fewer clicks. This quick
deployment lets us get the resources required for our system within minutes.

Keywords
 Service Oriented Architecture (SOA): SOA is essentially a collection
of services which communicate with each other. SOA provides a loosely-
integrated suite of services that can be used within multiple business domains.

 Abstraction: Cloud computing abstracts the details of system


implementation from users and developers. Applications run on physical
systems that aren't specified, data is stored in locations that are unknown,
administration of systems is outsourced to others, and access by users is
ubiquitous.

 Cloud:Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. A cloud is usually defined as a


large group of interconnected computers. These computers include network
servers or personal computers.

 Cloud computing: Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous,


convenient, on demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computer resources (networks,
servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and
released with
minimal management effort or service provider interaction.

 Cloud computing collaboration: The users from multiple locations


within a corporation, and from multiple organizations, desired to collaborate on
projects that crossed company and geographic boundaries. Projects had to be
housed in the “cloud” of the Internet, and accessed from any Internet-enabled
location. Cloud-collaboration is also termed as Internet-based group
collaboration.

 Multitenancy: In cloud computing, multitenancy means that multiple


customers of a cloud vendor are using the same computing resources. Despite
the fact that they share resources, cloud customers aren't aware of each other,
and their data is kept totally separate.

 Thick clients:Thick clients are regular computers, using a web browser like
Firefox or Internet Explorer to connect to the cloud.

Detailed Revision Notes: Microsoft Access 2019


Overview of Microsoft Access Databases
1. Introduction to Databases:
o Definition: A structured collection of data that can be easily
accessed, managed, and updated.
o Examples: Phone books, library catalogs, and e-commerce
platforms.
2. Key Database Objects:
o Tables: Store raw data; the foundation of the database.
o Queries: Extract and manipulate data from tables.
o Forms: Simplify data entry and provide user-friendly interfaces.
o Reports: Present data in a professional, printable format.
o Macros: Automate repetitive database tasks.
3. Database Uses:
o Support decision-making with organized and retrievable data.
o Examples include library systems, inventory management, and
customer databases.

Design and Create Tables


1. Role of Tables:
o Store data in rows (records) and columns (fields).
o Serve as the structural foundation of a database.
2. Design Principles:
o Avoid redundant data (normalize tables).
o Do not store calculated data (use queries for calculations).
o Break data into the smallest logical parts (e.g., split full names into
first and last names).

3. Field Properties:
o Field Size: Limits the number of characters.
o Validation Rule/Text: Ensures data accuracy.
o Default Value: Predefines values for new records.
4. Primary Key:
o Uniquely identifies each record.
o Options: Single field (e.g., AutoNumber), combined fields
(concatenated keys).

Simplify Data Entry with Forms


1. Purpose:
o Facilitate easy data entry and navigation.
o Provide a user-friendly interface for database interactions.
2. Types of Forms:
o Basic Forms: Single record view.
o Multiple Item Forms: Displays multiple records.
o Datasheet Forms: Similar to table view.
o Split Forms: Combines single and multiple record views.
3. Key Features:
o Bound Controls: Connected to table fields (e.g., textboxes).
o Unbound Controls: Independent of table data (e.g., labels).
o Calculated Controls: Perform dynamic calculations.
4. Design Tips:
o Use Form Wizard to streamline creation.
o Utilize Layout View and Design View for customization.

Obtain Valuable Information Using Queries


1. Purpose:
o Retrieve and analyze data based on specific criteria.
o Combine and filter data from multiple tables.
2. Types of Queries:
o Select Queries: Extract specific data.
o Action Queries: Modify data (e.g., Update, Append).
o Parameter Queries: Require user input for criteria.
o Crosstab Queries: Summarize data in a grid format.
3. Practical Applications:
o Filter customer records by region.
o Summarize sales data by month or category.

Create Professional Quality Output with Reports


1. Purpose:
o Generate visually appealing, printable summaries of data.
2. Features:
o Grouping and sorting options.
o Integration of calculated fields and totals.
o Flexible formatting for professional output.
3. Common Uses:
o Monthly sales reports.
o Inventory summaries.

Advanced Topics
1. Relational Database Design:
o Normalization: Organizing tables to reduce redundancy.
o Relationships: Linking tables using primary and foreign keys.
2. Macros and Automation:
o Automate repetitive tasks (e.g., data imports, form navigation).
o Example: Autoexec macros for database initialization.
3. Compact & Repair:
o Reduces database file size and improves performance.

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