ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my immense

gratitude to my physics teacher Neetha
miss for the help and guidance she
provided for completing this project. I also
thank my parents who gave their ideas and
inputs in making this project. Most of all I
thank our school management, for
providing us the facilities and opportunity to
do this project. Lastly, I would like to thanks
my classmates who have done this project
along with me. Their support made this
project fruitful.

- MUHAMMED AHMED MOOSA

 TOPIC

ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION
 INDEX
CONTENTS PAGE NO
Certificate 2
Acknowledgment 3
Aim 6
Introduction 7
Principle 8
Theory 9-12
Observation 13
Conclusion 14
Application of emf 15

Precaution 16
Bibliography 17
 AIM
To study the phenomenon of
Electromagnetic Induction
 INTRODUCTION
Electro Magnet:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the
magnetic field is produced by electric current. The
magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off.

INDUCTION: This process of generating current in a

conductor by placing the conductor in a changing
magnetic field is called induction.

Electromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic

induction is the production of a potential difference
(voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed to a
varying magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction is when
an electromagnetic field causes molecules in another
object to flow. Induction can produce electricity (in coils),
heat (in ferrous metals), or waves (in a radio transmitter).
Finally, it is referring to the phenomenon where an emf is
induced when the magnetic flux linking a conductor
change.
Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic
flux density and the area normal to the field through which
the field is passing. It is a scalar quantity and its S.I. unit is
the weber (Wb).
 PRINCIPLE:

Electromagnetic induction (or

sometimes just induction) is a process
where a conductor placed in a
changing magnetic field (or a
conductor moving through a stationary
magnetic field) causes the production
of a voltage across the conductor. This
process of electromagnetic induction,
in turn, causes an electrical current - it
is said to induce the current
 THEORY
INVENSION: .

Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction

in 1831 though it may have been anticipated by the work of Francesco
Zantedeschi in 1829. Around 1830 to 1832, Joseph Henry made a
similar discovery, but did not publish his findings until later.

Induced e.m.f:
If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an e.m.f. will be
generated in the coil. This effect was first observed and explained by
Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831. Faraday discovered
that an e.m.f. could be generated either by,
(a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to each other or
(b) By changing the magnitude of the source of magnetic flux.
Note that the e.m.f. is only produced while the flux is changing.
For example, consider two coils as shown in Figure 1.
 Working and Construction:
Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved through a
magnetic field because the magnetic lines of force are applying a
force on the free electrons in the conductor and causing them to
move. This process of generating current in a conductor by placing the
conductor in a changing magnetic field is called induction. This is
called induction because there is no physical connection between the
conductor and the magnet. The current is said to be induced in the
conductor by the magnetic field. One requirement for this
electromagnetic induction to take place is that the conductor, which is
often a piece of wire, must be perpendicular to the magnetic lines of
force in order to produce the maximum force on the free electrons.
The direction that the induced current flows is determined by the
direction of the lines of force and by the direction the wire is moving in
the field. In the animation above the ammeter (the instrument used to
measure current) indicates when there is current in the conductor.

Lenz's Law: When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux

according to Faraday's Law, the polarity of the induced emf is such
that it produces a current whose magnetic field opposes the change
which produces it. The induced magnetic field inside any loop of wire
always acts to keep the magnetic flux in the loop constant. In the
examples below, if the B field is increasing, the induced field acts in
opposition to it. If it is decreasing, the induced field acts in the
direction of the applied field to try to keep it constant.

LEN’S LAW

Applications of electromagnetic
Induction
Electrical Generator:
The EMF generated by Faraday's law of induction due to relative
movement of a circuit and a magnetic field is the phenomenon
underlying electrical generators. When a permanent magnet is
moved relative to a conductor, or vice versa, an electromotive
force is created. If the wire is connected through an electrical
load, current will flow, and thus electrical energy is generated,
converting the mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy
 ELECTRIC GENERATOR

Electrical transformer:
The EMF predicted by Faraday's law is also responsible for
electrical transformers. When the electric current in a loop of wire
changes, the changing current creates a changing magnetic field.
A second wire in reach of this magnetic field will experience this
change in magnetic field as a change in its coupled magnetic flux,
d@p/dt. Therefore, an electromotive force is set up in the second
loop called the induced EMF or transformer EMF. If the two ends
of this loop are connected through an electrical load, current will
flow.
 OBSERVATION
- Magnet is moved at certain rate and certain
voltage is produced.
- Magnet is moved at faster rate and creating a
greater induced voltage.
- Magnet is moved at same speed through coil
that has greater number of turn and greater
voltage is induced.
 CONCLUSION
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed
and published by Michael Faraday in the mid-nineteenth
century, describes a very important electro-magnetic
concept. Although its mathematical representations are
cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s is not hard to grasp: it
relates an induced electric potential or voltage to a dynamic
magnetic field. This concept has many far-reaching
ramifications that touch our lives in many ways: from the
shining of the sun, to the convenience of mobile
communications, to electricity to power our homes. We can
all appreciate the profound impact Faraday’s Law has on us.
 APPLICATION OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
IN REAL LIFE

The principles of electromagnetic induction are

applied in many devices and systems, including:

● Electrical generators
● Induction motors
● Induction sealing
● Inductive charging
● Transformers
● Wireless energy transfer
● Wireless charger

PRECAUTIONS
● Do all the connection carefully
● Do not scratch insulated copper wire
while making loop
● Do not use digital voltmeter for above
demonstration
● Do not use very thick or thin copper
wire Use only insulated copper wire
● Keep your self safe from high voltage
● Before doing any experiment please
consult to your subject teacher or lab
assistance
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

● Wikipedia.com
● Google search engine
● Physics NCERT book for class XII
● www.youtube.com/e/knowledgecycle