ACTIVITY 1 (Page 175) Viva Questions

Objective To verify Ohm’s law. 1. Name the physical quantity whose unit is volt/ampere.
Materials Required Nichrome wire XY of length 0.5 m, 2. Identify the resistor used in the activity.
ammeter, voltmeter and four cells each of 1.5 V, connecting 3. What kind of graph is obtained by plotting the values
wires of V and I?
Procedure
1. First use only one cell as the +V V V V–
ACTIVITY 2 (Page 176, 177)
source in the circuit. Note the Objective To observe the flow of current for different
reading in the ammeter I for the components.
I
current and reading of X R Y + – K
A
Materials Required Nichrome wire, torch bulb, 10 W
voltmeter V for the potential V bulb, ammeter, plug key, connecting wires and four dry cells.
+ –
difference across the nichrome
Procedure
wire XY in the circuit. Tabulate them in the given table.
1. Set up the circuit by connecting four dry cells of 1.5 V
2. Next, connect two cells in the circuit and note the each in series with ammeter leaving a gap XY as shown
readings of the ammeter and voltmeter for the values of in the circuit.
current and potential difference across the nichrome + –
A
wire. X Y
I
3. Repeat the above steps using three cells and then four Nichrome wire 10 W bulb
cells in the circuit separately. + – K –
+
4. Calculate the ratio of V to I for each pair. 6V Torch bulb
5. Plot a graph between V and I and observe the nature of
the graph. 2. Complete the circuit by connecting the nichrome wire
in the gap XY.
Number of cells Current Potential
through the difference across 3. Plug the key. Note the ammeter reading. Take out the
used in the nichrome wire, nichrome wire, V/I
circuit key from the plug.
I (ampere) V (volt)
4. Replace the nichrome wire with the torch bulb in the
1 0.1 0.4 4
circuit and find the current through it by measuring the
2 0.2 0.8 4 reading of the ammeter.
3 0.3 1.2 4 5. Now, repeat the above steps with the 10 W bulb in the gap
XY.
4 0.4 1.6 4
Discussion/Conclusion Ammeter reading is different for
Sample graph is given as below different components because components may offer easy
flow of electric current or may offer resistance to the flow of
difference (V)

1.6
electric current.
1.2
Potential

0.8 Viva Questions

0.4 1. Sheetal is doing same activity but she has taken the 2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 cells instead of 4 cells, will the current change?
Current (A )
2. Name a component used to regulate current without
Discussion/Conclusion The V–I graph is a straight line, changing the voltage source.
thus it verifies Ohm’s law. 3. Which instrument is used for measuring current?

Chapter 11 : Electricity 01
 Viva Questions
ACTIVITY 3 (Page 177, 178)
1. Does the current depend on the length of the
Objective To study the factors on which the resistance of conductor?
conductor depends.
2. If current/ammeter reading decreases to half, what
Materials Required Cell, ammeter, nichrome wire and happens to the length of the wire?
plug key. 3. Is there any change in current when a wire of different
Procedure materials of same length and area of cross-section is
used?
1. Complete the electric circuit consisting of a cell, an
ammeter, a nichrome wire of length l at point 1, a plug
key as shown in circuit diagram.
ACTIVITY 4 (Page 182)
K
Objective To understand resistors in series combination.
(1)
(2) Materials Required Three resistors of different values,
(3) battery, ammeter, plug key, voltmeter and connecting wires.
(4)
Procedure
– + + –
A 1. Join three resistors of different values in series. Connect
them with a battery, an ammeter and a plug key.
Electric circuit of
conducting wires 2. Plug the key and record the ammeter reading.
2. Now, plug the key and note the current in the ammeter. X R1 R2 R3 Y

–
3. Replace the nichrome wire by another nichrome wire of A +V –
+
same thickness but twice the length that is 2l at point 2.
4. Note the ammeter reading. + – K
( )
5. Now, use thicker wire of nichrome but of same
length l marked at point 3. 3. Change the position of ammeter to anywhere in
6. A thicker wire has a larger cross-sectional area. Note between the resistors and record the ammeter reading
the ammeter reading. each time.
7. Replace nichrome wire with copper wire of same length Discussion/Conclusion
and same area of cross-section at point 4. Note the The value of current in the ammeter is same, if it is placed
value of the current. anywhere in the circuit.
8. Record the differences in current in all cases. Viva Questions
Observations 1. What is the resistance of an ideal ammeter?
1. The current I flows in case 1. 2. What is the resistance of an ideal voltmeter?
2. The current I flows in case 2. 3. In series combination, which physical quantity
3. The current I increases in case 3. current or voltage remains constant?
4. The current I decreases in case 4.
Discussion/Conclusion It is concluded that the resistance
ACTIVITY 5 (Page 183)
of a wire depends on the following factors Objective To study the relationship between current and
potential difference when resistors are connected in series.
(i) Length of the wire (l )
(ii) Area of cross-section (A) Materials Required Three resistors of different values,
battery, ammeter, three voltmeters, plug key and
(iii) Nature of material of wire
connecting wires.

02 ll ne Science 10th
Procedure Þ R = R1 + R 2 + R 3 æQ R = V ö
ç ÷
1. Join three resistors of different values in series. Connect è I ø
them with a battery, an ammeter, plug key and
Viva Questions
voltmeter across the ends X and Y of the series
combination of three resistors. 1. In a circuit, three resistors of 5 W,10 W and15 W are
connected in series, compare the current passing
2. Plug the key in the circuit and note the voltmeter through three resistors.
reading. It gives the potential difference across the 2. In a circuit, two resistors of 20 W and 4 W are
series combination of resistors. Let it be V. connected in series, find the total resistance.
3. Now, measure the potential difference across 3. Does the current remains constant throughout the
the two terminals of the battery. Compare the two circuit in ammeter?
values.
+ – + – + –
ACTIVITY 6 (Page 185, 186)
V1 V2 V3
Objective To study the relationship between current I and
X R1 P Q R2 S T R3 Y resistance R in a parallel circuit.
Materials Required Three resistors of different values,
I I
battery, ammeter, voltmeter, connecting wires and plug key.
K Procedure
+ – A
– + 1. Make a parallel combination, XY, of three resistors
Relationship between current and potential difference in having resistances R1 , R 2 and R 3 . Connect it with a
series combination battery, a plug key and an ammeter. Also, connect a
voltmeter in parallel with the combination of resistors.
4. Take out the plug key and disconnect the voltmeter.
2. Plug the key and record the ammeter reading I and also
5. Now, insert the voltmeter across the ends X and P of
take the voltmeter reading V across the combination.
the first resistor.
L R1 M
6. Plug the key and measure the potential difference X R2 Y
across the first resistor. Let it be V1 . P R3 Q

7. Similarly, measure the potential difference across the S

V
T
I + – I
other two resistors.
+ – K
Discussion/Conclusion –A+ ( )

1. The potential difference V is equal to the sum of Relationship between current and resistance
in parallel combination
potential differences V1 , V2 and V3 .
\ V = V1 + V2 + V3 3. Take out the plug from the key.
2. Ammeter reading I remains constant throughout the 4. Remove the ammeter and voltmeter from the circuit.
circuit.
5. Insert the ammeter in series with the resistor R1 and
\ R = R1 + R 2 + R 3 record the ammeter reading I1 .
V = IR and V1 = IR1 …(i)
V
V2 = IR 2 …(ii) L M +A – I1
V3 = IR 3 …(iii) X P
R1 Q I2 Y
R2 T I3
On adding Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get S R3

V1 + V2 + V3 = IR1 + IR 2 + IR 3 6. Similarly, measure the current through R 2 and R 3 and

Þ V = I(R1 + R 2 + R 3 ) let their current be I 2 and I 3 .

Chapter 11 : Electricity 03
Discussion/Conclusion V V V
I1 + I 2 + I 3 = + +
1. Ammeter reading when connected in series to the circuit R1 R 2 R 3
I = I1 + I 2 + I 3 æ 1 1 1 ö
Þ I =V ç + + ÷
çR ÷
2. Voltmeter reading remains constant, è 1 R2 R3 ø
V = IR. 1 1 1 1
Þ = + +
To get equivalent resistance in the circuit, R R1 R 2 R 3
V
I1 = …(i) Viva Questions
R1
1. Which physical quantity remains constant in parallel
V combination?
I2 = …(ii)
R2 2. Two resistors of 30 W and 60 W are connected
V in parallel in an electric circuit. How does the
I3 = …(iii) current passing through the two resistors, compare?
R3
3. Give an expression to the resultant resistance for two
On adding Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get resistors r1 and r2 are in parallel combination.

04 ll ne Science 10th