C0PYR:GITT ~ 1973 RCSrnT C.

BECK bob beck

• 1518 C~<;~ll PL
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INSTRUMHJTAT I ON FOR DETECT
ING, RECORD I NG, ANO A~lAL YZ
I NG
. NATURAL AND MAN-MADE ELF SIGNALS
AND ··HUMAN BRAINWAVES

ROBERT C. BECK • •• LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

This com mu nic atio n wi11 de scr

ibe com ple te ins tru me nta tio
ma gn eti c rec ord ing , sig nal n for EEG and ELF de tec tio
rec ov ery , and pre cis ion an n,
by any int ere ste d wo rke r for aly sis which can be ass em ble
minimal inv est me nt of tim e d
th is sys tem have been tho rou and money. All ele me nts of
ghl y tes ted , op tim ize d for
to be foo l-p roo f, sta ble , act ual fie ld wo rk, .an d des ign
DESIGN CRITERIA. Each ele eco nom ica 1, rel iab le, and po rta ble . ed
me nt was mi nia tur ize d and
sel f-c on tai ne d sta nd ard 9-v bui It to op era te ind epe nd ent
olt tra ns ist or rad io ba tte ry. ly wi th a
ea sil y co nta ins a com ple te One sma11 bri ef- ca se
sys tem for "Schumann" or geo
am pli fic ati on ,' con ver sio n ma gne tic sig na l de tec tio n,
to
dis pla y of sim ult an~ ous ear th-VCO sig na1 for ma gne tic (ca sse tte ) tap e rec ord ing , and
ion osp he re ma gne tic os cil lat
ion and human e.e .g. sig na
Th is dis clo sur e of pre vio
·m od era tel y sk ill ed in ele
usl y pro pri eta ry des ign da
ta
. . ls.

ctr on ic co nst ruc tio n to rep is int end ed to ena ble any wo rke r
bio log ica l ent rai nm ent of lic ate res ult s of my stu die
human bra inw ave s by low -le vel s in
ma gne tic sig na ls.
All commercial rig hts to thi s
l_icense to use thi s inf orm inf orm ati on are res erv ed.
ati on commercia11y or in app Th is doe s not co ns tit ute -a
ara tus int end ed for sal e. .,..

NECESSARY ELEMENTS
(Ea ch. pie ce of app ara tus is
des cri bed in de tai l in fo1 1ow
irg pag es. )
1. "SCHUMANN" coi 1 to rec
ov er and de tec t ext rem ely
ear th- ion osp he re cav ity os low lev els of var yin g ma gne
cil lat ion s, eit he r na tur al tic
or man-made. (H -ve cto r on ly.
)
2. PRE-AMPLIFIER, fil ter s,
power amp! ifi er, and Vo lta ge
con ver t the ma gne tic sig nal Co ntr oll ed Os cil lat or to
to a use abl e vo lta ge and ca
tap e-r eco rde d for rec ord -ke rri er sig na l tha t can be
epi ng pur pos es or sub seq uen
t dis pla y and an aly sis .
3. DISPLAY mo da liti es; ba tte ry-
211 osc illo sco pe wi th a op era ted osc illo sco pe s. I use one Te ktr
P-7 on ix model
and a sec ond Te ktr on ix model (lo ng pe rsi ste nc e) pho spo r for rea l-t im e fie ld ob ser vat
214 du al- tra ce sto rag e sco ion
sea rch . Both sco pes are rec pe for an aly sis and dat a
har gea ble (N i-c ad) ba tte ry-
lig ht- we igh t ins tru me nts und op era ted coa t-p ock et siz ed
thi n att ach e cas e. (:la te: theer 2-3 /4" in thi ck ne ss tha t con ven ien tly fit int o
se sco pes are not ess en tia a
l; the y are lux ury add iti. on
4. RECORDING. I use a SONY STE s.)
sim ult ane ou sly ) ca sse tte rec REO (in dep end ent r..1,annel s
ord er, mo del s TC 126 and (oc for two sep ara te dat a sou rce s
are thi n, rec har gea ble un cas ion all y} TC 124. Th ese 1

its ; rel ati ve ly lig ht- we igh

cha nne l (le ft) rec ord s the t and ge ne ral ly rel iab le.
VCO sig na l of the "Sch_umann" One
sec ond (ri gh t) cha nne l rec
ord s sim ult ane ou sly the hum de tec tor /am pli fie r; and the
from an F0 2 kHz vo lta ge co an EEG bra inw ave sig na l, als
ntr ol led os cil lat or . The obv iou s adv ant age to thi o
MAGNETIC rec ord ing sys tem s
as compared to pap er ch art
con tin uo us da ta can be sto -re co rdi ng is tha t one ho ur'
red s
wit h some the rm al pap ers tha on a sta nd ard C-60 ca sse tte tha t co sts 35c, as co ntr
t may co st up to S-4 5.0 0 per ast ed
tap e can ea sil y be fed to hou r for da ta. Ma gne tic
com pu ter s, dis cri mi na tor s,
· sub seq uen t da ta rec ov ery or (la ter ) pap er ch art s for
or dis pla y. Tapes can be
viewed for de sir ed dat a epi
on du al- cha nn el sco pes and sod es
on ly sig nif ica nt po rti on s
rec ove red on pap er .

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•
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 bob beck
. • 1!:Z ~,!~":1~ PL
COPYR!GHT © 1978 P.C2ERi C. BECK • HOUY .. :::: :;:C2J1 2
J)Q .NOlREPRODUCE J:~ ANY FORM • 2l3 4o,h.~ul

5. F.H. DISCRIMINATORS, (2 requ ired ) whose

the mag neti c tape arid acc ura tely rec6 fun ctio n is to take the sign al from
ver the low -fre que ncy sign al mod ulat
Sin ce con ven tion al mag neti c tape reco ion.
rder s wil l not reco rd sign als at the
range of inte res t, i.e ., I Hz to abo ut freq uen cy
40 Hz, thes e low -fre que ncy env elop es
be used to mod ulat e a 11 car rier 11
of abo ut 2000 Hz which is eas ily with must
of inex pen sive cas sett e syst ems . The in the ban dpa ss
disc rim inat ors sim ply de-m odu late and
the low -fre que ncy info rma tion . reco ver

6. EEG ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPH for sim ulta neo

I pre fer the Alp ha~ Met rics model S, usly reco rdin g sub jec t's brai nwa ves.
whi ch has a sen siti vity of bet ter than
mic rov olt. Thi s is at leas t one ord er 0. I
of mag nitu de "cle ane r" than vas tly mor
complex and exp ens ive clin ica l (ho spit e
al-t ype ) inst rum enta tion , and the bat
ope rate d dev ice is sma ller than a pack tery -
of cig are ttes and has a bat tery I ife
ove r 1000 (one thou sand ) hou rs. These of
list for $ 150 .00, com plet e.
7. HUMAN SUBJECT ELECTRODES . . We use ALPHA-M
(sci nte red ) elec trod es cov ered with ETRICS stan dard stai nle ss-s tee l
cott on wic king . Normal phy siol ogi cal
(sa lt wat er) is used inst ead of elec trod sali ne
e pas tes or gels . Sign al is MONOPOL
and AC cou pled . Pre ferr ed elec trod e AR
plac eme nt is FRONTAL TO OCCIPITAL, MID
(cen ter of fore hea d, belo w hai rlin e LINE.
•. to cen ter of rear of hea d, jus t
Inio n. Between Fp I and Fp 2 and O above
I- 0 2 in the stan dard clin ica l not
atio n.)
We can not stre ss too stro ngl y the ess
ent ial requ irem ent tha t MONOPOLAR reco
ONLY be atte mpt ed. Thi s means TWO rdin gs
ELECTRODES only . Do NOT atte mpt to
~EG inst rum ents usin g THREE elec trod es; use out~ o~e d
diff eren tial 11 dev ices atte mpt to can two acti ve plus grou nd. The se 11 dua l-
cel arti fac t by "common mode" reje ctio
refe ·ren ce a+ inpu t and a (-) acti ve n and
lead to a "common" grou nd such as an
clip . Such sign als can lead to amb earl obe
iguous or use less data . Br cen teri ng
at mid i ine, the head itse lf becomes elec trod es
an inte gra tor for coh eren t left -an d-ri
hem isph ere ene rgie s, and add itio nal ght
el~ ctro de take -off plac eme nts and art
ele ctro nic sign al summation equ ipm ent ific ial
is not need ed and /or wil l deg rade the
dat a.
The ALPHA METRICS util ize s 60 Hz notc
h filt ers and tota lly igno res e.m . i.
so is use ful in extr eme ly. high amb ient arti fac t
art ifac t reje ctio n syst ems can tota nois e env iron men ts. "Com mon Mod e" 3-e lect rod e
lly deg rade the des ired sign als by con
the "sum+sum, sum-sum, sum +/- refe renc fusi n9
e•; etc ., com bina tion s of sign al vol
tage s.
Again, we can not stre ss this too stro
ngl
EEG app arat us. Rea ders who dou bt this y. For acc ura te wor k, use ONLY monopolar
are refe rred to many pap ers sub stan
this view poin t tha t have app eare d in tiat ing
the IEEE Jou rna ls on Bio -Me dica l Inst
rum enta tion .,
8. DIGITAL FREQUENCY COUNTER •• a mod ifie
whi ch wi I I read to+ /- 1/10 0 Hz (0.0 d poc ket• -siz ed Ni-:-cad rech arge able uni
1 Hz) is extr eme ly use ful. I use a t
ava ilab le dev ice (ab out $ 150 .00 at com ~erc ial ly
disc oun t) man ufac ture d by Non Lin ear
of Del ·Mar, Cal ifor nia , model FM- Syst ems
]. I con stru cted a freq uen cy mu ltip lier
X 100 , tha t atta che s to the back ,
of the sma ll pla stic case and is pow
the inte rna l bat teri es of the stan dard ered by
data back to the tab and run it thro ugh cou nter . Pre viou sly, we had to take fiel d
a DANA (Pri nce ton App lied Res earc h Corp
rack -mo unte d peri od cou nter tha t was )
far from por tabl e •.
9. POCKET-SIZED ELF MAGNETIC OSCILLATOR
bas ical ly a pha se-s hift , SINE WAVE osc , tune able from I Hz to 30+ Hz. Thi s is
illa tor whose buf fere d outp ut is fed
10 Hy iron -cor e indu ctan ce of 1200 ohm to a
s de resi 5ta nce . The dev ice gen erat
MAGNETIC (H-wave) sign al of abo ut 10 es a
mi
fiel d cal ibra tion of the Schumann coi 11 iwa tts stre ngt h, and is use ful for far-
l and the syst em in its ent iret y.
The BEST rea dily -av aila ble tran smi tter
· Wes tern Ele ctri c "93-A Tes t Set" coi l is salv age d from a surp lus ($2 .00)
War ning ! This dev ice can be
psy cho acti ve

L •
 bob b~ck
COPYRIGHT e 19i3 P.CJERT C. BECK
• 1~18 C-~ :,'.l PL.
• Hcu, .. c::: ;co2.; 3
DO r:or n£P?.C~:JCE 1;~ A:iY FORM • 213 4t.l-o.iill

¥
A.ful ly cjebugged and "twee ked" schem atic for'th e outbo ard addit ion of the
high- resol ution frequ ency multi plier is enclo sed with this
repor t.
10. SUPPORT HARDWARE • • • consi sting of a fluid- damp ed
magn etic compass for
accur ate alignm ent of the axis of the Schumann coil with
the earth 's magn etic.
North -Sout h. A MAGNETIC DIP NEEDLE for check ing local decli natio n.
for conne cting ampl ifiers , scope s, tape- recor ders, etc. CABLES
50 ft of shield ed
(thin ) singl e-con ducto r ca_ble for remot e placem ent of the
Schumann coi 1.
This entir e system packs conve nient ly into a thin attach
e ·case and is adequ ate
for data- recov ery in the field , since it is easil y porta ble
and can be hand-
carri ed on plane s, etc.

10 LABORATORY SUPPORT SYSTEMS, used for data- analy sis

of the mate rials taken
in the field , consi st of multi ple-c hanne l oscil logra phic
recor
mark 2300 optic al 8-cha nnel recor der with galva nome ters with ders, (Goul d-Bru sh
5 kHz frequ ency
capab ility; pre-am ps and time base/m arker gener ators)
This was acqui red in
surpl us for$ 150.0 0. A GOULD therm al chart -reco rder for biolo gical frequ encie
a HEWLETT PACKARD paper X -Y plott er that has been modif s,
ied for use as a
seque ntial strip -char t recor der for inexp ensiv ely pre-v
iewin g data on stand ard
II"~ 17" plain paper (inex pensi ve • • • ) and assor ted
optic al-is olato rs, etc.
The instru ments descr ibed above (or their equiv alent s)
shoul d enabl e any serio us
worker to repli cate the resul ts and concl usion s found in
my previ ous studi es
datin g back to 1970 •

. The singl e varia ble which canno t be easil y contr olled

is the prope r selec t:on
of SENSITIVE subje cts, and the possi bility of diurn al and
month ly (luna r gravi ty
tide) varia bles; plus the ever- prese nt possi bility of man-m
ade ELF distu rbanc es.

Ho1inga low-p ass and band- pass filte rs are descr ibed in
John Marcu s' Sourc ebook
of Elect ronic Circu its , McGraw - Hill 40443. The~e are
non-r ingin g with ~ini~ u~
phase -disto rtion . lPage 220 of the 1968 editi on). Design
data origi nally appea red
under "T. Molin ga, Activ e Bandpass Filt ers, ~. 14:8
p 115-1 19)

Note: On occas
ions durin g field recor ding of magne ti~ and EEG event s,
need a highl y-acc urate clock or time signa l so that we may
event s can be preci sely refere nce 1
to mfllis econd s wit~ st~nd ard Unive rsal ·rime.This autoc brtela tio~, essen tial
when two indep enden t obser vatio ns are being made at locati •
ons separ ated by
hundr eds or thous ands of miles , can be easil y achie ved
by havin g each indep enden t
statio n recor d on one data track the signa ls broad cast
by WV, our Natio nal
Bureau of Stand ards "Time " statio n, heard on 5 MHz, 10
MHz and 15 MHz.
A pract ical and inexp ensiv e way to accom plish this is to
use at each locat ion a
Radio Shack (Tandy Corp. ) "Rea listic Timecube R11 cryst al-co
ntrol led batte ry-op erate d
minia ture radio catal og# 12-15 9 curre ntly listin g for$
34.95 . Radio receiv esone of
the three frequ encie s reliab ly day or night . It is modif
ied by wirin g an outle t
_jack acros s louds peake r termi nals, and a resis tor to drop
signa l volta ge amp I itude
to level comp atible with tape recor der input , eithe r 11
micro phone 11 or 11 line" .
··This faci I itate s extrem ely accur ate "Tria ngula
tion" via common time base from
· remote and total ly separ ate local es .

.~ · • i , , ' \ • .,................ -r-."'f•··-···---··••'••~---- -,-

•
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 SCHUMANN COIL DATA CC:'i'r.'.~!!T C t,i3 1':j::.T C. ~::l<
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NOTES ON CONSTRUCTION OF LOW-INTENSITY MAGNETIC DETE • t.:.... ,1. : .....

CTORS • 21; "'"-.!·"-'~1

"arc h 5, l 978 ROBERT C. BECK

Our secon d gene ratio n pick -up coil for "Schumann

_f f
Resonance" sign als is an exac t
repl ica of the one cons truct ed at the Univ . of
Rhode Islan d by Polk and Fitch en
as desc ribed in the Nati onal Bureau of Stan dard s,
Divi sion of Radio Prop agati on p. 313
Vol. 660 No. 3 May-June 1962. The coil cons isted of 249,0 00 turn s of# 38 lsom
Insu lated wire wound over a leng th of 2-11 /32 el
inch on a bake lite tube of I .092 in
o.d. Iron core s (or ferr ite or mu-metal} were
used which cons ist of a 111 X ll/16 11 X
11" stack of 0.01 4 trans form er lami natio ns.
(Coi I o.d. is 5-7/ 8 11 )
This coil weig hs 12 lb, had a de resis tanc e of
150,0 00 ohms, and an indu ctanc e of
7000 Henr ies on a Maxwell bridg e with out core
and 7700 Hy with core inse rted .

We subs eque ntly cons truct ed and field -tes ted a numb
er of diffe rent coil s. Emp irica l
test s esta blish ed a conf igur ation that is roug hly six time s as sens itive as
disc lose d in para grap h I. the devi ce
It is fully desc ribed below .

PREFERRED COIL DESIGN 50,0 00 turn s# 37 insu lated magnet wire on a

tube over a leng th of 1-5/8 11 1-1/2 11 o.d.
Col I o.d. is 4 in, de resis tanc e is 18,00 0 ohms
·indu ctanc e is 500 + Hy as meas ured on a Hay brid ,
ge. A ferr ite core of 5/8" diar: ,eter
and 7-1/2 11
leng th is inse rted . Weight of coil with out core
is shun ted with 0.5 mfd low- loss styre ne capa is 2 lb 6 oz. Coil
citor to roll off high -freq uenc y elec -
trom agne tic inter fere nce. Unex pecte dly, incre
asin g diam eter or leng th or mass of
ferr ite core does NOT improve perfo rman ce, but
actu ally degr ades sens itivi ty as
meas ured far- field by calib ratin g with an ELF
magn etic gene rator at a dista nce of
50 ft. Indu ctanc e is meas ured at 10 Hz~H ay
and Maxwell bridg es are easi ly cons truct ed.
An exce l lent and easi ly obta inab le coi I form
(with e,cis ting flang es, cent er spoo l & form)
is a common plas tic spoo l made by HUBBARD SPOOL
DIVISION GARRETT INDIANA U.S.A .
Thes e ·pla stic spoo ls are wide ly used for distr
ibut ion of wire , cloth ribbo ns, plas tic
aqua rium hose , etc. , and can be found in surp
lus stor es read ily. When wind ing on
lath e, clamp end flang es with stee l end- plate
s bolte d throu gh the coi I-for m cent er,
othe rwis e as turn s of magnet wire build up in
laye rs, the later al pres sure will
caus e bulg ing and spli tting of plas tic side flang
es.
Pick -up col I is norm ally place d at leas t 12 ft
from pre- amp lifie r and disp lay and
reco rding appa ratus to mini mize feedb ack loop
s. To demo nstra te coil sens itivi ty,
a pock et Alni co strai ght cylin dric al magnet such
as a 700 gaus s "cow" (stor:,ach) magnet
can be held in your hand and waved -in the air
up to 100 feet from the coil and the
amp lifie d disp lay sign al shou ld swing off- scal
e.
This dem onst ratio n usua lly astou nds soph istic
ated
effe ct is to plac e a smal l pock et magn etic comp obse r.ver s. Anot her inter estin g
ass (undamped) a few feet from the
coil , and Jet the need le swing (hun t) as it sett
les to poin t to nort h-so uth. The ·
slig ht osci llati on of the need le will driv e the
disp lay off-s cree n unti l movement
sett Jes.

Gen erall y, the best orie ntat ion for the coil
is magn etic N-S para llel with coil axis .
In extre mely high ambi ent nois e situ atio ns, the
coi I axis can be slow ly rotat ed to
seek nul I poin t for loca l e.m. i ~ Afte r col I is phys ical l_i moved or touc hed, seve
seco nds of "set tling " time may be requ ired for ral
its outp ut sign al to stab ilize , as any
movement (or micr o-se ismi c) acti vity indu ces
quit e high volta ges as turns of coil
(N. I.) cut -th~ eart h's ambi ent magn etic field
of appr ox 0.4 to 0.6 gaus s.
Schumann pream ps, filte rs, amp lifie rs, V.C.O,
disc rimi nato rs, and disp lay will be
desc ribed sepa ratel y.

··•••~-.,,,..r.~.,- ••~• ..... ~~4~.1••-·• - ,...~- --

•
 DO r:'JT r::.-::::·::::: ::: x:·t ;:~·, bob b~ck 5
SCHUMANN ANO MAGNETIC ELF DETECTOR SYSTEM • I :.;2 :.\ ~~·t PL
• HCUY.,.,~:::, =.;.:23
• 213 4LJ-c:;01

This disclos ure describ es the curren tly preferr ed appara tus for portab le, conven
ient,
and adequa tely sensiti ve instrum ents for sensing , detecti ng,
amplif ing, filteri ng,
record ing and/or display ing geomag netic H-wave activit y; whethe r of natura
l or
man-made origin .
•
This instrum entatio n will positiv ely work in high-n oise environ ments such as
anywhere
In the city, near floures cent lights, motor fields, etc. Only on rare occasio
ns is
It necess ary to move the pick-up coil severa l feet to avoid local pcckets
or standin g-
.
waves of electro magne tic interfe rence, usuall yof 60 Hz or 120 Hz ambien t
freque ncies.
,

AMPLIFIER input stage (pre-am p) is clamped with two silicon diodes , back-to
-back to
shunt high voltage s genera ted across pick-up coil as it is moved during set-up
in
earth' s magnet ic field. The coil, acting as a 50,000 turn field-c oil of a
genera tor,.
will produc e suffici ent voltage to damage input transis tors otherw ise.

FIRST PRE-AMP STAGE utilize s a ground ed-emi tter NPN silicon epitax
ial transis tor
with a collec tor resisto r of about 80,000 ohms for maximum voltage gain.
I I meg
collec tor to base feedbac k resisto r is optimum. Transi stor is individ ually
selecte d
from a large sample of Motoro la (Scotts dale, Arizon a) "lowes t noise" device
s. Sy
buildin g a test amplif ier with exact config uration s of the final design and
a transis tor
(3 connec tion) socket for Q-1, individ ual sample s (simila r to Texas
Instrum ents
Tl S 97 or Motoro la MPS 6571) are observe d on an amplif ied oscillo scope with
P 7
(long persist ence) phosph or for severa l minute s each to evalua te Johnson
(white) and
popcorn (interm ittent) noise figure s. Motoro la's type EL-418 may be the best
availab le.
Approx imately 7% of the sample s are found by actual test and observ ation
to be of
• suffic iently low noise to be useful for the pre-amp front end. I person
ally tested
andsam pled 3000 selecte d device s to ferret out about 50 individ ual transis
tors of
except ional low-no ise charac teristi cs. NoisP. figs. refer to bandpa ss of 2
- 40 Hz only.
· By implem enting this very carefu l screeni ng approa ch, we have constru cted
several amplif ie
capabl eof recove ring a signal of under 0.03 microv olts rms at an input impedan
ce of
100,000 ohms at 3 db signal to noise ratio. Less stringe nt require ments would be to
limit noise of input device to detect a signal of 0. I microv olts at 100
k. A pre-
amp might still be consid ered useful (but not except ionally 11 clean 11 ) which
detects
a signal of double this figure. This border s on the theore tical "Johnso
n" I imit for noise.
IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING the input (pre-am p) stage is a 60 Hz twin-T notch
filter, nulled.
by tuning two resista nce legs.
This is followe d by anothe r grounde d emitte r NPN low-no ise voltage gain stage;
a second
60 Hz notch filter, a third voltage amplif ier stage, and a Holinga type (Darlin qton)
low-pa ss filter rolling off at about 23 Hz. Overal l signal voltage gain of the system
should be approx imately 200,00 0.

This signal is then applied to a VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR, with F

0 of approx .
2000 Hz. This is easily recorde d on any magnet ic tape or casset te system for a
perman ent record. And unlike paper charts , the casset te tapes are re-usea
ble !
Our comple te "Schumann" pre-am p, notch filters , power amp, low-pas s filter,
and
with self-co ntaine d 9 volt battery and with gain contro l, input-o utput connec FM/VCO
tors, and
LED battery check indica tor, and a small 111 diamet er loudspe aker foraco
ustical monito rino
or microph one recordi ng of the VCO signal , is ho~sed in a 2igare tte-pac k sized
aluminum -
box measur ing 1-1/4" x 2-1/4 11 x 4-1/4" It weighs }-1/2 oz and continu ous use battery
life is over JOO hours. Final design is the end produc t of perhaps a thousan d hours
of effort .
cor·,r.:c!:T O 1'378iiOJr:RT C. B[Ci{
DO t~OT R[Pf.J!iUGE 1a /J;Y. ro:-::.,
•
 7, 19}1?&ti:
X 100 Frequency Mult iplre r used Ffnal "tweaked" venf on boxe d
for fast measurement of subaudio frequencfes.
June
Useful rang e; belo w J Hz to appr ox. J30 Hz.

+ 3 v to J5 v., 5 volts optimum Inpu t Freq . Total drain, ma

2 Az 1 ma 20 Hz 3.8 ma
6 1.6 40
JO
7.2
2.2
Cen ter freq. , no inpu t stg. 13,525 Hz.
.:,/.
220 mf
co
. ..:r
. )6 V
Use ONL Y Mot orola (NO T RCA)
Input sign al, any waveform CD 4046 A CMO S phas e-lo cked foop.
.03 volts min at 10 Hz up (About $ 2.35 at Ham ilton /Avn et,
•3 vat 1 Hz. Culv er City , Ca •
• Input Z-2 meg +
+.
11 6 7 12
I if CD 40116A Outp ut is 1oox- inpu t frequency;
4 t - - - - : J - -...- - - . . , ; ~ App rox. 3 v p-p
2.0 mf 3
5 8 13 9 '
To anr freq . coun ter, Pref erab ff NLS
mode FM- 7 batte ry oper ated -Hz to
60 M Hz pock et-si zed rech arge able .
Non -Lin ear Syst ems . Inc •• addr ess Is
P.O. Box N. Del Mar, Cal if. 92014
E
'- ::, bob beck
.
\ ' ~-;;
..... • 1s 1s c.-ssn l't..
• HOl l )W,~OD 10Q21
N C:
1'11
• 11, •lfJ...001
.....
COPYRIGHT 0 E:is ROBUH C. 8£CK
DO IWT R£PRODUGE IN ANY fOR'-1
fnput sign al amp lifie r/wa ve I6 f 2 I
squa rer; Moto rola HEP S 9100 • I • l
., JO 1 710 ~ HC 14518 BCP
NPN Darl ingto n, hFE 10,000+ 14 lO 6 IS
DUAL DECADE COUNTER
Refe renc e: CMOS COOKBOOK by Don Lan cast er
Sams II 21398 -pg. 365
(Cau tion : ther e are seve ral erro rs
in the sche mati c as shown in the
CMOS Cookbook draw ing pg. 365. However.
all
erro rs have been corr ecte d on this draw ing.
r.c.b ~)
rr
l

l PRACTICAL E.L.F. OSCILLATOR (EXTREME LOW

FREQUENCY)
+ 9 VOLTS
I; Draws 1.2 ma
With 250 k ohm pote ntiom eter, tunin g rang e is
i
'·
W.5 Hz.
appro,c 3;5 Hz to "'e
.I:
0
ligh t emit ting diod e (LED)
0
6.8 meg res. from colle ctor to base must be trimmed CX)
for each different Mot orol a HEP P 2001 or equi v.
coil; • Adjust for maximum volt age swing acro ss
sine wave as obse rved on scop e.
L1 and most symmetrfcaf
'°
Coil from sensitive rela y, or 110.,
COPYRIGHT O 1978 ROBERT C. BECK arma ture (rela y field coil)
DO NOT REPRODUCE IN ANY FORM
Typi cal indu ctan ce is 10 Henry;
Typ ical coil de res. 1.2- 4.8 k ohms
en
Q)
E
O. I mf 0, I mf 0. I mf O. I mf CX)

• '°
C
Mot orola darll ngto n NPN
B trans istor , HEP S 9100
F • I O'I
( $ 0.86) ·
Q)
S.9' TYR C .:it E

F • _9;;..l_.,o.;;9_0_0_
0
N
N
N
N
. E For grea test lo~g -term
RJ CJ osc illa tor freq uenc y stab •
lllt y, subs tltut ~~a fixe d
R • ohms res. for Lt and driv e Lt
with a seco nd stag e.
c_a mfd
F • Hz
WARNING I THIS DEVICE CAN BE PSYCHOACTIVE
EVEN WITHOUT MODULATING CARRIER FREQ,s·
COPYRIGHT «, 1978 ROBERT C. BECK
DO NOT REPRODUCE IN ANY FORM
Exact values of the two 220 k fixed resistors in
the
trimmed for optimum tunin g rang e. Desired cove phas e-sh ift network can be
rage is 3.5 Hz. to 14.5 Hz.
Devi ce MUST be calib rated on a high reso lutio 17 JUNE, 1917
n frequ ency coun ter to .01 Hz, as
effec tive frequ enci es are extre mely criti cal.
bob beck
6.26 Hz to 6.33 Hz caus es disru ption of ence phal ogra • 15~8 CAS!ll Pl.
phic patte rns betw een left and right hemisphere. • HOLL YV.COO 90C!U
• 213 4W ll~Ol
9.0 to 9.39 Hz. indu ces sync hron ous ecg patte rns
simi lar to "me ditat ive" state s.
10.5 Hz. indu ces "rela ~ed alert ness ". 14.0 Hz. "'""J
caus es an "ale rt focusing 11 reac tion . See med
ical literature references for deta ils.
7.8 to 8.0 Hz appe ar to stim ulat e ESP and
para norm al stat es of cons ciou snes s,
,---- '
. I
.l
1 CONFIDENTIAL ENGINEERING·& DESIG
-j N ANALYSIS OF
1 PROPRIETARY VITASETTE IV DEVICE
1 OF DR. WOLFGANG
1 LUDWIG, BUHLENWALDSTR, 6, D 7400, TUBINGEN
bob beck 1 Hz -7
2 - 3 Hz ·WEST GERMANY,
• 1538 CASSll Pt.
• HOLLYWOOD 10011
• 213 46.1-BSOI
PHONE 07071/26611
3 - 5 Hz This ana lys is is for information pur
230 k do not rep lic ate thi s without pennisposes onl y;
Or. Ludwig. sion of
\tw \'-. o Pri ce is 148 German Marks, or
lt - 10 Hz app rox ima tely $ 60.00 U.S.A.

UJ
.
. Analysis completed October 19, 1977
0.
.:I' Power consumption: ~.02 ma@ 3 v for
M 1 Hz
:q;, 0.0 9 ma@ 3 v for .to Hz
"'CM. ~
&.I\ (270 mi lliw att s average)
L.. .
I.I\

•
..,:, II
cJ
N

.
00
.
. C: "'L..C
N N
00 >- II
~

f:
.t:. +
N .. E Cl
3 vol t bat ter y
-00 0
. 2 - Ma llor y MN 2~0 0
COPYRrGHT O 1978 ROBERT c; BECK
0
u .
>-
(
O'\
,_, cel ls In ser ies . DO NOT REPRODUCE IN ANY FORM
- .c
-IU E
82 tur ns # 34 (0.0068 11 dJa )
'- 00
Cl)
>M
. I. 5 mhy, 5. 1A , Q.=1. 2
o- Pri nci ple of ope rat ion , NPN tra nsi sto
core to sat ura tio n with cur ren r dri ves mu-metal
--
t through 82 tur n primary.
EFFECT:-ON TISSUE: Ind uce d ele ctro Upon sat ura tio n, col lap sin g B fie ld
mo tive for ce In gen era tes a very
a con duc tor is pro por tion al
to rat e of cha nge high-amplitude spike-wave pulse of ma
of mag. flu x thro ugh cir cui t: gnetic energy.
V Any freq uen cy between approx.
programned by act iva tio n of one1 Hz
J'i and 19 Hz can be
dll
B •- r I /8 11 , 90~ bend
dt J of sub-mirtiature sps t sw itch es. (or more) of the arr ay

!~~:g~:~~~;n~~ 1 m•Lrnlll[llllllllllll ·O Mu-metal sin gle

Because of "spike" (br oad -sp ter )
can be heard in any nearby AMlat rad io
waveform, pulses
rec eiv er or mag. ckt
I =R~ : ; Ind uce d t
cur ren t I;
!
J- l / l 6
win din g
L- 0.0
11
~
lam ina te thic kne ss
16 inc h. l/8 of ~ 11
VITASETTE IV is contained in a
box 2-1 /8 x 1-3 /8 x 7/16 inc hes .
eac h end ben t back 90u
res ista nce R ~ 2 mu- met al ~ 11 Sw itches pro jec t 1/16 above top . 11

Weight is 1-1/2 oz with bat ter ies .

~
 OPTIMIZED MOLINGA LOW-PASS FILTER FOR "SCHUMA
NN" OR ELF WORK

Fina l llt Sep t. 1975

+ 9 volt s, t,,27 ma
I. 5 meg to C
680 k
Input Z@ 10 Hz• 200 k ohms
~B
47 k 47 k E

Q- --A ,\,~ \N ~ .....

"'O
Mot orol a NPN Dar ling ton
S 9100 (or) 2- MPS 6571 •s
.....
"'O

E
.
E
-. - E

.
•
0
0 0

.....
"'O
"'E 1.5
+
H<+ 0 Out
'\
Z @ 10 Hz I .5 k ohms

E
01
4.1 ..c 1. 5 mf Tan ta tum .
Refe renc e: T. Molinga "Ac tive Bandpass e· 0
Filt ers" EEE 14:8 , p 115-119 N
. .:,/.

Rep rinte d in John Marcus' Sourcebook of N I.I\

FILTER CHARACTERISTICS ·"
Elec tron ic Circ uits , McGraw-Hill 1968
# 40443 page 220 V Fre9 .
4.0
Hz Ft l te r 9aln I Freg. Gal
1.0 I

].
10.
1.0
1.0
f ltO
50
Hz
..• 1
(
20. 60

Note: All capa cito rs are sele cted for minimum leak
30.
0.7
0.36 I (22X )
(

age, htgh -Q, and +/- 5% tole ranc e on cap, I

Fi 1ter has 50% Inse rt Ion loss at 10 Hz brid ge

Batt ery economy ts 6.29X over prev ious low-
pass acti ve filt er desi gn.

bob beck COPYRIGHT O 1978 ROBERT C. BECK

• 15'.!3 CIIS~ll PL
• IIOLLn ,ooo 90028 DO NOT REPRODUCE I~ ANY FORM
• ,cJJ 4U·tl·JU1
 FINAL SCHUMANN RECEIVER,.COMPLETE. (dev ice cont ains
pre-a mp, notc h filte rs, power amp s., Holl nga
lo-p ass filte r,
Volt age- Con troll ed Osc illat or, and Inte rnal audi
ble (loud spea ker) mon i~.
+ 9 vol ts
PROPRIETARY DEV ICE . bob beck
60 Hz NOTCH • 1!138 CASSIL ,l.
• HOLL YVwOOO 900U
COPYRIGHT © 1978 ROBERT C. BECK • 213 46J-8901
+ 220 mf
00 NOT REPRODUCE IN ANY FORM
+
T r 16v ~

,.._ '\] 0 '°

U"\ Over all volt age gain 200
220m /16v ~ E
I.I\
.._ ,.._
I.I\
SGiUMANN COIL 0 0 E
U"\
e HOLINGA
,.._ 0 M To VCI
E ,.._ .
I"'"\ LOW - PASS
FILTER
E

-~In .
'5l OI
(See pg. 9)
0.5 mfd Z•IOOk ~
E Refe r to acco mpan ying
• I.I\ note s re tran sisto r type !
and sele ctio n for nois e
&
perfo rman ce.
60 Hz NOTCH (Sel ecte d Moto rola -EL-418)
To Tape Rec. • ..:r
I..N
"FM/VCO" ~N

-. E
0. I
Ill 0

.J: 2:
N

,,,
+ 9 volt s

t . .;p-kr.
E 0 a.. "'O
0
C '1.001 "'' co .....
..)t.
co
c-
: ·- ,,, :Olsa~
,.._ ,... Eu Swit ch
0
e ~
u..
'&
. 0
0 1. 5 meg

E
From Mo 11 nga OI
+
~
f i I ter ..)t. E 22Omf/16v
,-...
e1 -ye 2 :
N
. ,-...
N

E
GE 2N26lt6
Uni Junc tion VOLTAGE CONTROLLED
OSCILLATOR
HEPS 9100
Moto rola AUDIBLE MoNITOR .,,
NPN Darl ingto n .,_
c::,
-~
!
 - -- - -- -- ----- -

l
1
Schumann Low-pass filter, November 2, 1973
Const. 10 Nov. 1973
Final 11 Nov. 1973
Slater/Beck

NOTE: TH IS "CONVENT! ONAL" LOW-PASS FILTER WORKS

ADEQUATELY FOR ELF APPLICATIONS, HOWEVE~ IT
IS LESS ECONOMICI\L OF BATTERY POWER AND.f'\ORE
·BULKY THAN CURRENT MOLINGA DESIGN. r.c.l. Unfiltered(raw) output (or)
. Filter output, Z ~ 680 ohms at 10 Hz

.N
:c
Filter Bypass- , -- .
0
9v, I. ]ma

J
@.>

.:,/.
0
+ '\
co
-.0
Qt ,(22 ,(23 ,Q4
220mf/16v
• II Motoro 1a MPS 6571
r
N
114 k
.; Cr :::C 220 mf /16v N"0

•
.µ
::,
a. 220 mf/16v 0
-1:-C
C
6.Bmeg I .O mf ..... "
~N
0
)<

Ill
L
·Ill
Q_
<
0

N
""'0
I
II "'0
Bf as Q 1 with R8/R9 so that
emitter is at about+ 3 or +4 volts. 0
~ ~-
-·

8 Hz 60 % of signal in is passed. E "a.

~

10 50% 0
C
20 25i "
110 12, 5%
60 2%

COPYRIGHT @ 1~78 ROBERT C. BECK

DO NOT REPRODUCE IN ANY FORM
 bob beck 12
CONSTRUCTION NOTES ON FM DISCRIMINAT • 1538 CAS~ IL h
OR/DEMODULATOR • HOU y,·,r,:;c ':0021:
• 21.l 46.3-biOl

Two of thes e are req uire d, one to reco

ver the reco rded EEG sign al, and a seco
disc rim ina tor to sim ulta neo usly dem nd
odu late the cas sett e reco rded trac k of
ELF s i gna I. the

Thi s dev ice was con stru cted in a 3-3

box.
/4" x 3" x 2-1/8" LHB type C.R. 332 cha ssis

I always use at leas t two (pa rall el)

inpu t con nec tors and two par alle l outp
con nec tor jack s, RCA type plu g-in s. ut
Thi s ena bles aux ilia ry equ ipm ent to
con nec ted to any fun ctio n with out brea be
king a line or usin g mul tipl e ada ptor
plu gs.
Bat teri es are stan dard 9v tran sist
or type s (Ev erea dy 216 / NEDA 1604) and
for each piec e of equ ipm ent in the ent are iden tica l
ire syst em. They are obt aina ble any whe
re.
Sin ce the app arat us is sub ject to
very rough han dlin g in the fiel d, my
bat tery mou ntin g solu tion is to cem pre ferr ed
ent a bloc k of soon ge rubb er in the
cha ssis box that sim ply pre sses (and lid of
shoc k-im mun izes ) the ·bat tery firm ly
hal f of box . to mat ing
the D.P .D.T "po lari ty" togg le swi tch
was added afte r we disc ove red some
data (1970 fiel d work) reco rded from old tape
·When non -sin uso idal reco rded data is an ear ly VCO put ting out "sp ike" wav efor ms.
bein g reco vere d, the circ uit seems to
pos itiv e-g oin g sign als, and sinc e this pre fer
dep end s on a number of unp red icta bles
as the pol arit y of the cas sett e tape , such
rec ord er's head con nec tion s, pol arit
thro ugh tape reco rd and play bac k amp y of sign al
lifi ers, and pol arit y of tape pla yer 's
tran sfor mer con nec tion s, etc ., the sim outp ut
pro vide s for any con ting enc y.
ple add itio n of a reve rsab le inpu t sel~
ctio n

The inpu t tran sfor mer opt ion is use ful for tota l isol atio n
and any equ ipm ent used dow nstr eam of the VCO, dem odu lato r,
of the dev ice. For exam ple, the tran
brea k "gro und loop " or feed bac k sfor mer can
situ atio ns. Thi s opti on perm its real -tir: ie EEG
hoo k-up s to be used with I ine ope rate
d AC equipr:,ent by brea king any pot ent
haz ardo us shoc k path s to sub ject .
11 11 iall y
(In this inst anc e, the VCO outp ut of
amp lifi er is used inst ead of the "di the EEG
rec t" out put .)
The "sig nal leve l" pot was an afte rtho
ugh t, and can be usef ul in redu cing
the dem odu lato r circ uitr y when taki ng inpu t to
sign als off high -lev el (suc h as loud
term inal s of tape reco rde rs. spea ker)

The 60 Hz Twin-T notc h filt er was adde

d afte r find ing one situ atio n where
had sen t us a tape on which (dur ing an ass oci ate
his reco rdin g sess ion ) the 60 Hz nois
high er than the VCO sign al. Thi s rare e hum was
60 Hz and 120 Hz sign al components from prob an
lem was com plet ely solv ed by removin
g the
it got to the disc rim ina tor. othe rwi se "im pos sibl e" tape befo re

also add ed a Lig ht Em ittin g Diod

e "ca ptu re" ind icat or between outp
ut and grou nd.
A stag e for add itio nal gain , usin g
the unu sed por tion (#4) of the LM 3900
but left non -fun ctio nal, as the gain was wire d
make this app roac h mar gina l. is usu ally unn eces sary , and line arit
y prob lem s
· Cir cui t con tinu es to fun ctio n (but
with redu ced outp ut sign al volt age )
det erio rate s to 2.5 vol ts ! . For even when bat tery
peac e of mind in the. -fie ld, each dev
syst em con tain s an LED, rev erse -bia sed ice in the
Zen er diod e of 6.8v stan d-o ff, a lim
res isto r, a.nd a sps t push butt on to 11 itin g
tes t 11 bat tery vol tage . As long as the
ligh ts, the bat tery is O.K. Aft er it ext ing uish es, ther e will rem LED
of stil l-u sef ul bat tery life . Thi ain sev eral hou rs
s pro tect s ope rato r from hav ing to open
to dete rmi ne if bat tery had been cha ssis
"le ft on" or "run down" ·acc iden tall y
.

-··-.....__,._. -·~--· ~---···-••-, -•···- - -- •

-·-

l
i HIGH-PERFORMANCE F.H. DISCRIMINATOR CIRCUIT SLATER/BECK bob beck
14 FEB. 1977 • 15·,g CAS!;IL PL.
• l!IJLL'r ,\CL'IJ !10028
• 213 41,.Hl,l)I
Note: alter nate "tran sform er isola ted" input can
be used with (opti onal) 60 Hz notch to "clea n" VCO
in exce ption ally high -nois e ambi ent cond ition s. This recor dings made
addi tion may improve SN ratio by some 20 db.

Ol
cu Ol + 9 v 5.5 ma
Cl) 330 pf +
E E
440 mfd (Fun ction al down to
.
~
T 16 V 2.5 volts .on batte 1
\]
~
.:,t.
N 0
co meg
.::ii. '"'C1)
~ ---" '9 Ill "° E
60 Hz 2N3391
cu
notch >
C1)

Ol
. '+-

~
E
O'\
z 1.0 mf
+ --.--- tP.,i ll"'
✓
OUT, IL 5 v
/
·-
1/1
0
. .
& k
.:,t. &
/
0

• -·- 0
/
0

/
GND. mf
E
:l
/ (neg) /
.,,E ·-><
E Use LO LEAKAGE caps N

~
0
ltl
E
.::ii.>
er /.
I!. 12mi 27 k 27 k l- -- -- - /
/

000 5 ,10 mf 27 k out

-.ON

~~2
In 0 '
.........
C C AI terna te stage
·- ·-E
N
.>
._ 00
::, 0
0.. 0 ( v+ ) I I 3 12 11 a·
~L. for add it Iona I
galnj marg inal

z . NATIONAL LH 3900 C99d

-& RESPONSE
I In 1/1 +. 8 In #3 - Frequ ency Normal I zed
2 In #2 + 9 out 113 0 Hz 100 %
114 ~ 3 in #2 - 10 out 114
UJ 100 Hz 100 %
Vl 4 out# 2 II In #4 - 200
3 85 %
0~:> ...J
<t: 0
5 OU t //1 12 in #4 + 300 66 %
Z
0
0
(j\
6 in //1 - I3 in #3 + 400 49 %
0..
I-
0
_ ____,_ __ 1-
I""'\ 7 Gnd. 14 V + 500 34 %
<t: :i:
0
z _J 600 20 %
// 2 #I 700 14 %
f.OPYRIGHT © 1978 IIOB~RT C. OECK 800
DO rw1 REPRODUCl IN ANY FORM 10 %
~ . - ~ 7 G~D
2 3 5 6 \/ (v-) ·,
 COPYRIGHT ~ 1978 ROBERT C. BECk bob beck
•'
t>O NOT REPRODUCE ilJ Ji~IY f~, • 1518 CASSIL 'L
• HOUn-coo 9:)(.;U
1
• Z1l 4W-f)Ol
NOTES ON TESTING AND CALIBRATION OF 11
SCHUHANN 11 COIL INDUCTANCE BRIDGES

In const ructin g and testin g and calib ratin g pi~~~up coils

6f large numbers of
turns , it is extrem ely usefu l to be able to make accur ate
induc tance measu remen ts
of the system , so as for example to evalu ate diffe rent
core (soft -iron vs. mu-m etal·
v~ ferri te rods, etc., ) confi gurat ions, Q's, losse s,· reson
ance value s, etc.
Prac ticall y all avail able induc tance bridg es have top range
· 1000 hy.
limit s of 100 hy or
Our coils may excee d 10,00 0 hy in some exper iment al confi
gurat ions.
The pract ical solut ion is to const ruct this comb inatio n
HAY and MAXWELL brfdg e,
which accur ately measu res very high induc tance s. The bridg
e is used with an exter nal
signa l gener ator. I use a signa l frequ ency of 10 Hz for
tests , as this is close
to the frequ ency of inter est at which the pick- up will
be used. "Null " tunin g is
obser ved on an oscil losco pe or low-f reque ncy VTVM.
Refer ence: Bridg es & Other Null Devic es, Rufus Turne r,
SAMS# 20564 pg. 76
BATTERY VERIFICATION SCHEMATIC

·A simpl e circu it was added to every devic e in the system

ln~ta nt verif icatio n of batte ry statu s. Since desig n to enabl e
crite ria dicta ted that
each eleme nt opera te entir ely indep enden tly (to minim ize
cross
loops , ·grou nd-lo ops, and enhan ce system stabi lity) this meant -talk , feedb ack
that the possi bility
that one of the boxes was accid ental ly "left on 11 was ever
prese nt. Befor e addin g
this "peac e of mind" verif icatio n, I would somet imes have
to open half a dozen
chass is boxes with a screw drive r and check each
batte ry with a volt-a mp ~eter .
Zener cut-o ff volta ge PLUS volta ge drop· acros s LED shoul
d add to appro ximat ely
8 volts . All devic es will conti nue to opera te satis facto rily down to 6 or 7 volts
(and some to as low as 2-1/2 volts . • • ) so as long as
LED glows , you know that
you·have sever al hours reserv e batte ry life.

Refer ence: Elect ronic Circu itboo k # 5 . . LED PROJECTS; Howard W.

Sams # 21313 p.81

- -.. conne ct to SWITCHED side of 9 v +

Sub-m iniatu re sprin g-ret urn push- butto n switc h, Norm ally
open.

R Limit ing resis tor; typic ally 330 ohms (which will draw
3 ma
to light LED with 6.8 volt Zener .)
Cathode i-) f (-)
Anode + o/ ~ + +
400 milli watt Zener refere nce diode ; 6.2vo lt 1N753
6.8vo lt 1N754

9¢
(or) 6.8 v HEP Z 0215 Motor ola
Any minia ture Light Emitt ing Diode {LED} such as
~ Motor ola type HEPP 2001 or equiv. Comp onent leads MUST
(-) be heat-
(-) (-) prote cted (heat sink) when solde ring or devic e is
destro yed.
·(pol arity codes ) Obser ve that Zener and LED are conne cted back- to-ba ck for
corre ct opera tion of volta ge-te sting circu it .

··- . . . . J ' • • ,_..... •• • •• , . - - .... , _ .,~.,,._,·~~ ... • •

•
 INDUCTANCE BRIDGE FOR TES T/CA
LIBR ATIO N OF COI LS UP TO 100 ,000 HY.
Thi s is a com bina tion HAY
and MAXWELL brid ge tha t can
be· eas ily "br ead boa rde d" for
MAXWELL fun ctio n; IIQ Bal anc a sin gle (or mu ltip le) ran ge
e" pot is con nec ted in par
alle l wit h refe ren ce cap . for
HAY fun ctio n; "Q Bala nce •• pot Q's hig her tha n 10.
is rn ser ies wit h 'sta nda rd refe
ren ce cap for Q's up to 10.

bob bec k
• 15.18 r.ASSll PL
• IIOll n,00 0 900Z1
• 21.J 46J-8901
UNKNOWN INDUCTANCE A ~ , ' 1I 1
k \
ohm
r -_ _ _ _______
X X _
2-G ang , 7 Pos itio n swi tch B

SETTING C ----4 ---IW

INDUCTANCE RANGE
A 1. 0 - 100 mhy --------.i...-D•&--f I 00 k
>-l-
E
Nv11½\
B 0.1 - I. 0 hy
l F - - , I meg
C 1. 0 - I 0. hy.
• D
IG ~ \ \
10 - 100 hy Max •
E 100 - 1000 hy DETECTOR
F 1000 - 10,0 00 hy
(Sco pe or V.T.V.M.) mfd ...
G !Ok - 100 ,000 hy
mf I00 k 1 lne ar

Ref ere nce : P. 76, Brid ges and

mf
I Max .
I
~--
Oth er Nul l Dev ices , by Ruf us
·P. Tur ner ; How ard W. Sams
Pub ·!. , # 205 64
IO k Ii nea r
::x;·o
INDUCT. BA_l. _.__ _ _ _ _ _
mf

____________
Q BALANCE
Hay

_ __.

10 Hz sine
COPYRIGHT O 1978 ROBERT C. BECK
SIGNAL GENERATOR )N
\ DO NOT REPRODUCE IN ANY fORM

--~

•
 ..
NUMBERS
. '
SOVIET transmissions starting in July 1976 were.monitored over almost a11 of the HF
band of 3-30 me. Recent freq. range from 4.484 MHz to 15.595 MHz.
Signal bandwidth varies from 30 kc. to more than 300 kc. at some times.
Signals are modulated with pulses, at repetition rates of from 5-15 Hz. The pulse
modulation frequency most generally observed is exactly 10 Hz.
Signals come on for a few minutes, may disappear, and return to remain for 30 min.
They have been on for as long as several hours.
Transmissions are generally instigated at 9:am Moscow time and are off at 5:pm. Since
there is a 12 hour time zone difference between California and Moscow, we generally
receive them from 9:pm unti I 5:am local time. Some nights, signals are heard continuously.
Reference: Aviation Week & Soace Technoloou; Nov. 8, 1976

Eugene, Oregon problems have been traced to transmissions on a center frequency of

4.750 MHz of broad bandwidth, with a modulated pulse repetition rate of 10.0 Hz.
Careful monitoring by professional engineers measures an intensity of 500,000 watts
(equivalent transmitter power) at 3000 ft. over the city ! Health officers attribute
this signal to the Soviets. Harmonics, images, and "splatter" of this fundamental
(4.75 MHz) cariier can be heard past 14 MHz on any inexpensive short-wave receiver with
short or no antenna. Pulses can be observed by connecting an oscilloscope to the
receiver's detector, as the audio bandpass may not respond to frequencies below about
100 Hz. Signals can be described as a 10 Hz 11 Clicking like the rapid ticking of an
11

alarm clock. The sound has been dubbed "the Russian Woodpecker • Don t confuse these
11 1

siqnals with the 11 buzzsaw 11 sound of Loran and telemetry stations.

Some investigators link the phenomena with Soviet (supposedly) experiments with the
Nicola Tesla Amplifying Transmitter. Data on this speculation is moot.

Spectrum analysis of the 10 Hz component reveals several small square-wave pulses

of positive polarity following the initial pulse excitation, FOLLOWED BY ONE SQUARE-
WAVE OF NEGATIVE-GOING POLARITY. This observation is totally inexplicable at this time.

I would strongly suggest simultaneous monitoring of ELF components, in the frequency

range of 1 Hz to 40 Hz, both Hand E vectors, during intidents of activity.

H-vectors are readily detected and amplified by apparatus described in body of this
personal communication.
FIGURE 18.J. (a) Ma.xll'el/'s electro-
The possibly psychoactive "H-Wave" mm:netic theory ,ft,picted radiation o;
vector is the MAGNETIC component "" t'learic 11·m·c. loc/.;eJ in with u per-
of the electromagneti c wavetrain. pendicular magnetic 11·11\'e tran,fing
in a direction perpcndirnlar to both
Practical detection is by coil, f and B. In tlze diagram, the E 1·ector
flux-gate magnetometer, or is sholl'n 1·aryi11g in 11 ,·crtinil plane unJ
"SQUID". '"" 8 ,·e,·!or ;,, (I lwri-:.011t11l plune. fl 111/1
nre i,1cr.-csili!: ,,,:J de<·re,1.~i111: ti1t-ir
nm,:ni111t/,,~ ;,, 11{:usc. T hr ,•nt'r,: \" is
tran.fp,1.•ud in the direnion of S.

S, direction Illustration from PHYSICS

of S. Marantz, Benziqer Bros
: propagation N.Y., 1969 p 584

"T,.,1'-.,.,..,_..,...,____,_.,...,,..,r-.-,,,. ___ ,.. ,-.,..... .,- •·--- ...

•
 GENERAL BACKGROUND NUMBERS, DATA, AND POT-POURRI 17

Magnetic field s exis t aroun d the human body.

Magn etoen ceph alogr ams {MEG) and
magn etoca rdiog rams (MCG) dete ct field s as weak
as lXI0 -9 gaus s- abou t one- billi onth
the Eart h's magn etic field . ~ -·'
The hear t prod uces the stron gest fluc tuati ng
magn etic field , at a peak somewhat grea ter
than 1x10 -6 gaus s in normal subj ects . Some of
the large musc les, when flexe d, prod uce
high -freq uenc y peak s of abou t 1x10 -7 gaus s.
The human brain yield s its large s field s durin
g slee p, abou t 3x10 -8 gaus s. Epil epsy can
prod uce much larg er field s.
Mag netic back grou nd (inte rfere nce) can reach
seve ral mill igau ss in urban envi ronm ents,
due to rota ting mach inery , 60-Hz curr ent, and
moving vehi cles .
The Eart h's stead y magn etic field is abou t 0.5
gaus s.Th is is four or more orde rs of
magn etude grea ter than a human body 's field s.
Body field s are dete cted usin g a vers ion of the
Josep hson junc tion known as the SQUID
(sup erco nduc ting quantum inter fere nce devi ce)
. The sens itivi ty of a SQUID is grea ter
by seve ral orde rs of magn etude than simp le coi
Is such as desc ribed on p 4 of this repo rt.
Flux gate magn etom eters are usef ul for leve ls
grea ter than 5x10 -! gaus s.
Refe renc e: Abov e numb ers were abst ract ed from Mag netic
Fiel ds of the Human Body ; Davi d
Cohe n, Phys ics Toda y, Augu st 1975 pp 34-4
3
EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY (ELF) elec trom agne tic
field waves are defin ed as occu pyin g
the frequ ency band of 0.01 to JOO Hz. NATURAL ELF inte nsit ies rang e from less than
I mV/m to slig htly more than IV/m with magn etic
• and calc ulate d power dens ities of 10-8 watt (H-v ector ) of Jess than a micr o gaus s
s/m2 .
The sour ces of NATURAL ELF and VLF (3 kHz to
30 kHz)
4 Hz to 7 Hz and magn etosp heric below these valu es. are prim arily iono sphe ric above
At 5 Hz, the magn etic component is abou t 10-8 gaus
s, whil e the elec trica l component would
be abou t 2mV/m. By 400 Hz, these pertu batio ns have fa! Jen to
2 uV/m. less than 10-I I gaus s and
Power spec tra of Schumann reson ance s show maxim
a at ].8, 14.1 , 20.3 , 26~4 , and 32.5 Hz
with elec tric field stren gths up to lmV/m.
The prin cipl e amount of ELF ener gy rema ins with
in the sphe rical shel l between the earth
and iono sphe re, cons eque ntly ELF waves in this
mode can trave l aroun d the earth with out
appr ecia ble atten uatio n. A TYPICAL ATTENUATION
RATE IS 0.8 db/M m. This means that
a I mV/m wave at the sour ce will decr ease to
abou t 0.9 mV/m afte r trav ersin g a mi I I ion
mete rs with in the sphe rical wave guid e.
ELF emis sion s are at time s obse rved near 4 Hz
to 9 Hz. (The fund amen tal Schumann frequ en-
cies are near er 8 Hz to 14 Hz.)
Natu ral ELF sign als orig inat e prim arily from
thun derst orm acti vitie s. ELF inte nsit ies
show diur nal and seaso nal vari atio n. Both 9-Hz
field s and 50-3 00 Hz disp lay ampl itude
peak s between 14:00 to 16:00 hr. local time and
amp I itude minim
· 08:0 0 hr. Peak magn itude may be 3 to 10 time s that of the.m a between 00:0 0 and
inim a.
ELF phenomena asso ciate d with geom agne tic distu
rban ces are often sinu soid al and occu py
the frequ ency range from 3.5 Hz to 0. 15 Hz,
last abou t 35 minu tes, with ampl itude s rarel y
exce edin g a gamma. (One garrwna is 10-5 gaus s).
Waves in the oute r magn etosp here may
show amp litud es of 3 to 8 gamma.
Duri ng sunr ise a uniq ue 9-Hz wave may occu r.
Duri ng stab le weat her, ELF puls e frequ enci es
of 1 Hz to 3 Hz supe rimp osed upon a JO-kHz carr
ier have been demo nstra ted .

• • .,._~••,~•• •-~..,• •-•~.,••-••- -• • , r - - • • • , - • -~••• - • • •

• t:"T-"'.
 18
.. Local fact ors can influ ence the inci dent
freq uenc y and inte nsit y of ELF fiel ds. Thes
incl ude loca l wate r leve l, mine ral cont ent, e
topo grap hy and alti tude . Gain s as high as
60 db (e.g ., from I mV/m to I V/m) between wate r-po or vall eys and high er plai ns with
unde rgro und wate r sour ces. Changes of this
mag nitud e have even been reco rded between
two poin ts JOO m apa rt, a marked loca l vari
atio n.
ELF can ente r loca tion s via telep hone line
s, power line ~, wate r pipe s, and part icul arly
gas pipe s.
Duri ng eart hqu akes , s~is moe lect ric effe cts
in area s of high quar tz conc entr atio n coul
resu lt in ELF wave gene ratio n with freq uenc d
ies rang ing from 10 Hz to we! I below l Hz
and a spec tral maximum near 1.5 Hz. The
seis mic wave would prov ide an effe ctiy e l-km
ante nna carr ying a curr ent of IA to JO A 3
at the spec tral maximum ..
Wi h seis mic stre ss chan ges of 10 to 100
6
. 10 V/m coul d occu r loca lly and prod uce
bars , pote ntia l diff eren ces (vol tage s} of
brig ht lum inos ities or fluo resc ence in ligh
fixt ures . t
Reit er (196 4, 1956, 1953) repo rted sign ifica
nt corr elat ions betw een incr ease d puls e
coun ts in Sfer ic phenomena and chan ges in
human reac tion time , traf fic acci dent s and
indu stria l acci den ts. Incr ease in reac tion
time (slow er) corr elat ed with an incr ease
in natu ral Type I I sign als ( 3 Hz to 6 Hz)
and a decr ease in RT corr elat ed with an
incr ease in natu ral Type I sign als {10 Hz).
This was repl icat ed with ARTIFICIAL sign als
by Konig (1962) ..
Frie dma n, Beck er, and Bachman (1967) obse
rved that an appl icat ion of a 0.2 Hz mod ulate
mag netic fiel d of 11 gaus s resu lted in a d
sign ific ant incr ease in RT. Resu lts wERE
DRASTICALLY DIFFERENT WITH THE SMALL CHAN
GE IN FREQUENCY OF 0.1 HZ.!
HUMAN SUBJECTS EXPOSED TO THE 3-HZ FIELD
OF KONIG'S IN A 1962 STUDY REPORTED HEADACHE
FATIGUE, AND TIREDNESS WITHIN A FEW SECONDS S,
OF FIELD APPLICATION .. Decr e~en t in skin
resi stan ce {Ga lvan ic Skin Resp onse , GSR)
was note d in 5 of the 10 Ss expo sed to this
freq uenc y. Ludwig and Mecke (1968) repo rted a pilo t
plai nts were reco rded fol lowing ELF-VLF stud y in which arth ritic com-
app lica tion .
Ss repo rted pain s in the neck , ring ing in
the ears , appr ehen sion , flus hes, stif fnes s,
tired ness , and 11 slig ht head ache s.
Natu rally -occ urin g 10 Hz fiel ds show a 3-
to JO-f old dail y chan ge in amp litud e and coul
act as Zeit gebe rs for 11 swit ch-o vers 11 in the d
auto nom ic nerv ous syste m (Kon ig, 1962)
Visu al effe cts, espe cial ly in the temp oral
regi ons, occu r when ELF field s grea ter than
100 gaus s are app lied , and peak s betw een
20 Hz and 30 Hz.
Duri ng epis odes of the year when .02-V /m
ELF puls es showed doub le peak s duri ng the
a sign ific ant number of myo card ial infa rcts day,
occu rred befo re the minima and shor tly afte
the maxima. r
Ran scht -Fro ems corf f (1969) repo rts the para
sym path etic nerv ous syste m, dom inate d by
vagu s nerv e, is sens itive to freq uenc y mod the
ulati on of ELF waves and puls es, with spec
sen sitiv ity in the smal I band ( I Hz to ial
100 Hz) asso ciat ed with dist ant puls es ..
Exp erim enta lly, both bloo d coag ulat ion and
the prec ipita tion of coll oids in wate r solu
have been shown to be affe cted by ELF or VLF tion
expo sure s.
Mechanisms of coup ling and human tissu e sen
sitiv ity can be desi gnat ed as: atom ic-
para mag netic effe cts, mol ecul ar-s truc tura
l effe cts, reso nanc e effe cts of cell -org an
elec tric al and mec hani cal syst ems , and neur
ovas cula r-be havi oral effe cts.

Seve ral theo retic al pape rs by Ludwig (197 2,

1971, 1968) havi shown that ELF field s may
act upon I ivin g orga nism s thro ugh the meso
phas ic stru ctur es of the body knov,n as
liqu id crys tals . It is well reco gniz ed that
phos phol ipid s, one of the basi c con stitu ents
of the axon and esse ntia l for the rest ing
to a liqu id crys tal I ine stat e when the
and acti on pote ntia ls, unde rgo a
phas e tran sitio n
pH, temp erat ure, and. wate r conc entr atio n of
syste m are opti mal. the

-- ...
----~....-~~ ... ,-•,.
•
 -· "Liq uid crys tal" arra ys would be hype r-sen
_siti ve to narr ow band widt hs.·o f cohe rent {q
ener gy in the ELF regi ons.
/
The skel etal mus cula ture has a natu ral re~o f
nanc e betw~en 4 Hz to 12 Hz whil e the visc
mus cles show reso nanc es at lowe r freq uenc eral
ies.
If effe ctiv e low- ener gy ELF fiel ds are summ
ated over a mac rore sona ting syste m of the
body , diss ipat ion of the ener gy must take
plac e or the system coul d begi n a posi tive
feed back osci llati on resu lting in marked disa
rran gem ent of vita l stru ctur es (and func tion
A MEANS COULD BE THROUGH THE ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS WHICH HAVE FREQUENCIES SIMILAR TO
OF THE APPLIED FIELD AND WHOSE FUNCTION-IS THAT
TO MODULATE CHANGES IN THE NEURONAL ELECTRIC
ACTIVITY. GI ial cell s would fit thes e prer equ AL
isite s. They have been shown to dem onst rat
puls atile beha vior in the ELF rang e for gros
s cyto plas mic cont ract ion and elec tric al
acti vity .

Biol ogic al •• effe cts •• are trigg ered by

even
thos e prod uced by othe r man ipul ation s of horm ts of the smal l mag nitud es typi cal of
onal leve ls.
Because of the low freq uenc ies, ELF can pene
trate bui !din gs, etc. , and even deep mine s,
cave s, and shie lded encl osur es are almo st
tota lly tran spar ent to thes e osci I lat ions .
They are obvi ous biol ogic al stim uli, and occu
r with in the freq uenc y rang e of bio-
elec tric al phenomena.
Alth ough NATURAL ELF field s have low inte
nsit ies in elec tric al (les s than I mV/m to
1000 mV/m), MAGNETIC (Jo-B gaus s, 10-SA/m)
and power (lo- 8 watt s/m2 ) they coul d inte
with elec tric al proc esse s in I ivin g tiss ue. ract ,
The ener gy avai labl e from thes e field s is
well with in the mag nitud e to trig ger rece • !
ptor s and influ ence min iatu re EPSPs. Ampl
of natu ral sign als is poss ible sinc e tiss ific ati
ue, espe cial ly CNS (cen tral nerv ous syste m)
disp lays liqu id crys tal line and semi cond ucto tiss~
r prop ertie s ..
THERE MAY WELL BE A "KEYHOLE" EFFECT PRES
ENT, IN WHICH CERTAIN AMPLITUDE WINDOWS ARE
HIGHLY ·PSYCHOACTIVE, and high er or lower
leve ls are not 11 gate d 1 i by the human bio-cosr.1
reso nato r . The assu mpti on that grea ter than natu ral ic
the effe ct, as in ioni zing radi atio n rese inte nsit ies will enha nce·
arch , may not be vali d.

THE ABOVE DATA ON PAGES 17, 18, and 19

was abst
ract ed from PSYCHOPHYSIOWGICAL EFFECTS
·oF EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROM
AGNETIC FIELDS: A REVIEW I M.A. Pers inge
Lau rent ian Uni vers ity; H.W. Ludw ig, Germ rI
any, and K.P. OSSENKOPP, Univ . of Man itoba
was publ ishe d in Perc eptu al and Moto r Skil , and
ls, 1973 , 36, 1131 -115 9 Monograph
Supp leme nt 3-V3 6

M.A. Pers inge r, Envi ronm enta l Psyc hoph

ysio logy Lab ., Dep t. of Psyc holo gy, Lau
Uni vers ity, Sudb ury, Onta rio, Canada rent ian

K.P. Osse nkop p; Depa rtme nt of Psyc holo

by, Uni vers ity of Man itoba , Winn ipeg , Man
itoba , Canad
Wolf gang Ludw ig, 2000 Nor ders tedt , Post
fach 13 49, Germ any (or) Buh lenw alds tr,
Tubi ngen - 7 Germ any; Phon e 0707 1/26 611 6, D740 0,

bob beck
• 1S38 CASSil PL.
• HOUYl'IOOO 90028
• 213 463-~!ll

,. _____ ....,.. __......... -.-· .. ....... ···~··.

~ ... _.. ,.., ....... .
• ,...,.
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON CONSTRUCTION AND ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION OF COILS
22 Apri 1 1978 Bob Beck
Since your pick-up coil may be the single most difficult element to acquire or con-
struct without access to professional coil-winding equipment or lathe, an alternative
solution was offered by B. Watts in 1975~
Magnet wire is sold in O.E.M. quantities by the pound on plastic (and metal, which is
unuseable for this purpose) spools. A typical bulk quantity of# 34 gague is available
on a plastic spool measuring 5" dia x 4-1/16 length, weighing 4 lb. Surplus price is
11

presently$ 2.50 - $ 3.50 lb. (Apex Electronics, 8909 San Fernando Rd., Sun Valley, Ca.
91352).
A "Schumann" coil constructed by this method would therefore cost from$ 10 - $ 14.00.
The inductor is made by carefully melting an access hole in the plastic spool adjacent
to the inside winding with the tip of a soldering iron (about 700° F.). As the heat
melts plastic, it is carefully removed exposing the inside (bottom) layer of wire
through the small melted 11 window 11 • If done carefully, this will not damage wire or
insulation.
Carefully select a single strand (with magnifying glass) as close to the inside layer
as practical, and break ONE strand with a needle or pointed· tweezer. Scrape insulation
from each end and solder a stranded lead-in wire to one of the ends, and a second to
outside end of coil. If continuity shows 11 open 11 , solder to the other inside strand.
When you have correct inside 11 en~ 11 , securely anchor both leads·to spool and tape.
A 3-3/4 lb. spool of# 34 will provide a coil of 130,000 ohms de res., and 1900 hy
inductance with core. This will have about 1/3 the sensitivity of 11 preferred coil
11

described on pg. 4 of thii report, however coil is definitely workable with clean amp!~
It has been suggested (S. Gibson 1978) that stan&ard automobile ignition coils might
be usefu 1 in this app 1 i cation. Bridge measurements show that Mode l T antique co i Is
11 11

with iron strand cores (and later with flat 1 cores) run about 160 hy, and rr:odern
11 11

·12 v (Sears universal replacement and Pep Boys) ignition coils can run from 50 hy to
200 hy. By actual test (far-field amplitude at 10 Hz sinusoidal H-wave) samples of
igni·tion coils show approx. 1/30 the sensitivity of the 11 wire spool" coil described
above, and 1/80 to 1/90 the sensitivity of the preferred design. These tests
11 11

establish that this approach is unuseable.

OPTIMUM DIMENSIONS FOR CUSTOM-BUILT SCHUM.A.NN DETECTOR COIL. Reference: Journal of

the Audio Enginee~inq Societu, June, 1976, volume 24 number S pp 375-378; A.N. Thiele,
"Air-Core Inductors for Audio".

Summary: The physical size of an optimum air (or ferrite} inductor is not determined
by its inductance but by L/R, th~ ratio of its inductance to its series resistance.·
The dimension ratios illustrated below are optimum, and can be scaled up or down to
any physical size required.

l
r u

1-ig. I. Dim.:n,ii,n, ur, nil.

•
ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION OF ELF - H-WAVE DETECTING SYSTEMS, An Aside ... )/
It Is useful to work in terms of absolute values when calibrating field survey
measurements or while monitoring either natural or, man-made ELF magnetic pulses.
. .
· In attempting to accurately calibrate my portable system, I contacted the heads of
physics depts. of three major local universities and two government laboratories.
The objective was to borrow existing laboratory facilities already set up for. testing
low-level magnetometers, etc. After spending an entire day on the telephone, and
talking personally with a number of PhDs, professors, and the heads of government
and industrial testing laboratories, it developed that no faci Ii ties were known where
low-level AC H-fields could be accurately generated, produced, OR measured.
Solution: A trip to the local Pie 'N Save variety store provided a plastic flower
pot on which I wound 100 turns of# 26 enameled magnet wire. This air-core coil of
12 cm diameter was slipped over the "preferred" Schumann coi I and centered. This
combination was placed in the back yard away from power lines, and the coil was con-
nected to the amplifier/filter described on pgs 5 and 10.
Reference to The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, and The Standard Handbook for
Electrical Engineers, 10th Edition; Fink and Carroll, 1968, the formula for directly
obtaining a desired magnetic field is:

211' ni H-= gauss; n = number of turns;· = current in Amperes

H•
10 r r-= radius of coil in cm

Hy coil, being 12 cm in diameter, would theoretically produce 10.47 gauss for 1 Amp
of current. Being suspicious of this simplistic solution (which took less time than
ONE-phone call and a 39c flower pot . . } I wired the kluge to a calibrated de po.-,er
supply, positioned a pocket de magnetometer (R.B. Annis Co, lndianapol is, Indiana)
in the ·flowerpot coil axis, and was delighted to observe the predicted field intensity.
So to calibrate my Schu~ann detector, I ran a shielded cable fram the back yard
to a signal generator adjusted to precisely 1 v rms at 10 Hz. Current was dropped
by two series-resistors, one in each conductor, to minimize stray loops. (Generator
was isolated by positioning about 75 ft away from the coils because past experience
had shown that currents flowing in conductors in the output stage of my Heathkit model
IG 72 radiated sufficient stray magnetic fields to swamp the pick-up.)
E
I first wanted to observe a 10 Hz field of 1 microgauss, so the total resistance R=--
1
calculated to 9.56 megohms, or 4.78 meg in each leg. I observed a very clean
amplified signal from the output of the system, so I kept cranking in higher and higher
series resistance to reduce the test calibrating field. With additional isolation and
careful nulling in ambient fields, I concluded that the system described in this report
can cleanly (6 db signal to noise ratio) see ELF H-waves of 0.025 microgauss or higher,
with ferrite core inserted in the "preferred" coil, and about• 0.05 microgauss and
higher with no core.
12 cm d i a co i 1
100 turns
a 1 microgauss ac
4.78 meg
s i g. gen. Amplifier/Filter
10 Hz@ ~ 75 ft. •
1. 0 v rms
meg

Schumann co i I ,
positioned Oscilloscope (or)
concent r i ca 11 y low-freq. V.i.V.M._

•
 itOILJ 011 JOVICI IKAl • Jlll.5.5101ij &.L

,·. After returning from Eugene, Oregon, where I conferred with health officials , J_v
physicist s, and professio nal monitorin g pers0nnel , I felt that it would be useful
to establish accurate frequency /time/amp litude obs~rvati ons of the Soviet transmiss ions
as monitored locally. . ,_ __ ,
I decided that a high-qua lity convnunic ations-typ e receiver, preferabl y with digital
frequency calibrati on, should be acquired to supplemen t my existing "junk" short-wav e
rad i OS.
I asked a number of friends, hams, and professio nals, and could get no car.census of
"expert" opinion on which receiver was 11 best 11 , regardles s of price.
Again, I had to get out and test available equipment personall y.
The instrumen t of choice (regardle ss of price;-1 was prepared to invest up to several
thousand dollars if necessary ) turned out clearly to be the National- Pandsonic ~odel
RF 2800, retailing for$ 269.00. Surprisin gly, the 11 best available " was trie cheapest!
This is a dual-conv ersion superhet with 5-digit LED direct frequency disp:ay and
continuou s coverage from 3.2-30 MHz, plus AM Jnd FM broadcast bands, and w0rks fro~
AC or internal batteries and whip antenna. It is a fraction of the size/wtig ht of other!
Before purchasin g, I borrowed an off-the-s heif RF2BOO set and drove it araund to
local distribut ors and personall y compared it for sensitivi ty and selecti .ity with
all other avai !able contender s. Much to the dealers• (and my) amazement, it easily
out-perfo rmed (sensitiv ity, selectivi ty, nois~-rej ection, ease of tuning, exact
frequency display, etc.) the S 1300.00 Grundiq 11 Satellit 3000 11 (tested at Radio
Products Sales Co., L.A) and the Sony CRf 320 ($ 1695.00) and the Yaesu FkG-7;
the Drake SSRl, and a number of other high-pric ed professio nal receivers t~sted
side-by-s ide at Henry Radio Co., Olympic Blvd. store, L.A.

The first night 1 s monitorin g caught the Soviet transmiss ions on the fol lo~ing
frequenci es. These are being listed for the convenien ce of newcomers to th;s problem/
phenomena.

2 May 1978, 3 hours coordinat ed universat - time (W\./V) ( 8: pm Calif. local :irnel
All frequenci es ere in MHz.
4.484 4. 773 5.725 5.865 6.461 7.750 9.482 11. 48e
12.903 12.940 15.595
On the following night (3 May 1978) the 11
Russian Woodpecker•• could be heard nn only
about three frequenci es.

These transmiss ions can be recognize d because they sound like a 11 clicking 11 or
"clucking " or the rap-id 11 ticking 11 of an alarm clock. The pulse repetitio n rate is
presently exactly 10.0 Hz. On some few occasions , other modulatio ns appear.
Some 1 i steners have confused Soviet t ransmi ss ions with the 11 Buzzsaw 11 station:; broad-
casting Loran navigatio n pulses, teletype, facsimi 1 ie, or 1 'blocking 11 signals.
When heard, they are easily the highest-a mplitude signals on the bands, and can be
received on inexpensi ve pocket-si zed shortwave receivers usually with the telescopi c
antennas almost totally collapsed .
Unexpect edly, for the percentag e of 11 sensitive s 11 who experienc e time-spe cific insomnia,
the period of wakefulne ss (usually reported as from 3:36'or 4:30 am local ti~e to
sunrise, or around 5:30 am) seems to cor~espon d precisely (onset) with the time the
Soviet ELF-pulse d carriers go OFF the air

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~ ..... ., -n-. __ ..._..,,_ .. ,_. _______ ··•- - . -· .
 23
-~ PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS: SUPPLIED AS RAW DATA ONLY
MAY 9, HAY 10, 1978 Additional notes on 10 Hz pulsed signal frequencies

. '
The following exact frequencies have been monitored as carryi·ng the pulsed modulation.

Hay 7, 1978
10:12 pm Calif: time 12: midnight Cal time May 10, 1978
(5 hrs 12 Kin coordinated Hay 9, 19/3 (7 hrs 0 6:am (Ca.)
Universal Time, \/1.!V) min. Coord. Univ. Time) 1 Hr O min Univ Tirne
3.261 MHz J.266 MHz 4.336
3.357 3.357 6.880
4.328 4.328 8.698
4.530 4.530 12.475
4.557 5.071 12.777
4.775 5.178 13.359
5. 177 5.340 13.409 (data on carrier)
5.340 7.749
6.-880 8.010
7. 7it9 8.288
· 8.009 8.315
8.626 8.342
9.482 8.626
12.466 8.695
12.862 9.482
12.939 12.095
13.572 (swept) 12.4L15
14.774 12.777
15.595 12.821
15.814 13.044
17.540 13.359
13.409

:lote: a few of these may be front-end (receiver) interharmonics or 11 mixer 11

birdies, since the signal amplitude is so ex~essive, however using a tuned
pre-selector and decreasing RF gain of the rE~eiver to near zero did not
eliminate above signals. It may be possible that some of these are 11 beating 11
with other carriers. It is also possible that in certain areas the entire
earth-ionosphe re cavity is being pumped, therefore affecting many other
communication channels with a secondary (superi~posed) envelope.
No attempt at direction-findi ng (loop antennc1 nulling) has been made; I intend
to try this within a few days as soon as equipment is constructed in order to
determine whether or not some of these signals may be of domestic origin.

On a very few occasions, two or three of the listed frequencies would change
from the steady 10 Hz pulse to a broken, encoded signal, and after a fe1~
seconds return to the 11 woodpec.ker 11 mode. I have no present explanation for thi~.

Due to recent s9lar-flare activity, the greatest in s~veral years, short-wave

bands are practically 11 dead 11 during daylight hours, and may continue so until
solar flares diminish.
Hy data on p 22-23 is preliminary, and included as an "aside" to this suhject.

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