MINES INSPECTOR Revision

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 EXAM DATE – 29 Sep 2024

Q 1. What is geomagnetism?
Answer: Study of Earth's magnetic field.

Q 2. Which phenomenon reverses Earth's magnetic poles?

Answer: Geomagnetic reversal.

Q 3. What is magnetic declination?

Answer: Angle between magnetic and true north.

Q 4. What is seismology?
Answer: Study of earthquakes.

Q 5. Which type of seismic wave travels fastest ?

Answer: P-wave.

Q6. What is earthquake magnitude?

Answer: Measure of seismic energy released.

Q 7. What is volcanology?
Answer: Study of volcanoes.

Q 8. Which type of eruption is explosive ?

Answer: Pyroclastic flow.

Q 9. What is volcanic arc ?

Answer: Chain of volcanoes formed by subduction.

Q 10. What is geological engineering ?

Answer: Applying geology to engineering
Q 11. Which technique stabilizes soil slopes?
Answer: Geotechnical engineering

Q 12. What is environmental geotechnology ?

Answer: Mitigating human impact on the environment

Q 13. What is geochemical cycling ?

Answer: Movement of elements through Earth's systems.

Q 14. Which process recycles nutrients?

Answer: Biogeochemical cycle.

Q 15. What is geochemical equilibrium?

Answer: Balance between chemical reactions.

Q 16. What is geological mapping?

Answer: Creating detailed geological maps.

Q 17. Which map shows geological structures?

Answer: Structural map.

Q 18. What is geological surveying?

Answer: Systematic study of geological features.

Q 19. What is geoenvironmental science?

Answer: Studying Earth's environmental systems.

Q 20. Which factor affects soil quality?

Answer: PH factor

Q 21. What is geoecological balance?

Answer: Harmony between human and natural systems.
Q 22. What is geomedical science?
Answer: Studying geological health impacts.

Q 23*. Which element is toxic to humans?

Answer: There are different toxic elements present in the environment. They
include the heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury.

Q 24. What is geochronology?

Answer: Dating geological events.

Q 25. What are fossil corals ?

Answer: Ancient coral reefs

Q 26*. Which method uses radioactive decay?

Answer: Radiometric dating.

Q 27*. What is geologic time scale?

Answer: Timeline of Earth's history.

Q 28*. What is the primary origin of igneous rocks?

Answer: Magma or lava cooling and solidification.

Q 29*. Which sedimentary rock is formed from calcium carbonate?

Answer: Limestone.

Q 30*. What is metamorphism?

Answer: Transformation of rocks under high pressure and temperature.

Q 31*. What is folding in geology ?

Answer: Bending of rock layers due to tectonic forces.

Q 32*. What type of fault involves downward movement?

Answer: Normal fault.
Q 33*. What is joint in geology?
Answer: Fracture without displacement.

Q 34*. What is the oldest eon in Earth's history?

Answer: Precambrian (~4.5-541 Ma).

Q 35. Which era saw the rise of dinosaurs?

Answer: Mesozoic (~252-66 Ma).

Q 36. What is the current epoch?

Answer: Holocene (~11.7 ka to present).

Q 37. What is India's oldest geological formation?

Answer: Archean (~3.5-2.5 Ga).

Q 38. What caused the formation of the Himalayas?

Answer: Indo-Eurasian plate collision.

Q 39. What is the Deccan Trap?

Answer: Large volcanic province formed ~65 Ma.

Q 40. What is weathering?

Answer: Breakdown of rocks into smaller particles.

Q 41. What is erosion?

Answer: Removal of weathered material.

Q 42. What is deposition?

Answer: Accumulation of sediments.

Q 43. What is the most abundant element in Earth's crust?

Answer: Oxygen.
Q 44*. Which process controls Earth's atmospheric CO2 levels?
Answer: Photosynthesis.

Q 45*. What is the primary source of Earth's magnetic field?

Answer: Molten iron in the outer core.

Q 46*. What percentage of Earth is water?

Answer: Approximately 71%.

Q 47*. Which force drives plate tectonics?

Answer: Convection currents.

Q 48. What is Earth's average crustal thickness?

Answer: Approximately 35 km.

Q 49. What is the study of fossils?

Answer: Paleontology.

Q 50*. Which era saw the extinction of dinosaurs?

Answer: Cretaceous-Paleogene (~66 Ma).

Q 51. What is the oldest known fossil?

Answer: Stromatolites (~3.5 Ga).

Q 52*. What is the primary cause of soil erosion?

Answer: Water runoff.

Q 53. Which natural hazard claims the most lives?

Answer: Landslides.

Q 54. What is the greenhouse effect?

Answer: Trapping heat in Earth's atmosphere.
Q 55*. What is the most valuable mineral?
Answer: Diamond.

Q 56*. Which country is the largest producer of gold?

Answer: China.

Q 57*. What is the primary source of copper?

Answer: Chalcopyrite.

Q 58*. What is the most destructive natural disaster?

Answer: Earthquakes.

Q 59*. Which type of volcano is most explosive?

Answer: Stratovolcano.

Q 60. What is the primary cause of landslides?

Answer: Gravity.

Q 61. What is the primary purpose of mining?

Answer: Extracting valuable minerals.

Q 62*. Which mineral is essential for steel production?

Answer: Iron.

Q 63. What is the environmental impact of mining?

Answer: Deforestation, water pollution.

Q 64. What is seismic surveying?

Answer: Studying seismic waves.

Q 65. Which method detects subsurface structures?

Answer: Gravity survey.
Q 66*. What is magnetic surveying?
Answer: Mapping magnetic fields.

Q 67. What is satellite imagery?

Answer: High-altitude aerial photography.

Q 68. Which sensor detects thermal radiation?

Answer: Thermal infrared sensor.

Q 69. What is GIS mapping?

Answer: Geographic Information System.

Q 70. What is groundwater?

Answer: Water stored beneath Earth's surface.

Q 71. Which rock stores groundwater?

Answer: Aquifer.

Q 72. What is water table?

Answer: Upper surface of saturated zone

Q 73. What is glacier?

Answer: Slowly moving ice mass.

Q 74. Which type of glacier covers vast areas?

Answer: Continental glacier.

Q 75. What is glacial erratic?

Answer: Rock transported by glacier.

Q 76. What is weather?

Answer: Temporary atmospheric conditions.
Q 77. Which factor affects climate?
Answer: Latitude.

Q 78. What is atmospheric pressure?

Answer: Force exerted by air.

Q 79. What is petrology?

Answer: Study of rocks.

Q 80*. Which rock type forms from magma?

Answer: Igneous.

Q 81*. What is metamorphic rock?

Answer: Altered existing rock.

Q 82. What is sediment?

Answer: Material deposited.

Q 83*. Which sediment type forms from erosion?

Answer: Clastic

Q 84. What is depositional environment?

Answer: Sediment accumulation site

Q 85*. What shapes Earth's surface?

Answer: Weathering, erosion, deposition.

Q 86. Which landform results from volcanic activity?

Answer: Volcano.

Q 87. What is a delta?

Answer: Sediment deposit at river mouth.
Q 88. What drives plate movement?
Answer: Convection currents.

Q 89. Which type of plate boundary creates mountains?

Answer: Convergent.

Q 90. What is continental drift?

Answer: Movement of continents.

Q 91. What is geoarchaeology?

Answer: Studying Earth's past environments.

Q 92. Which method dates ancient rocks?

Answer: Radiometric dating.

Q 93. What are varves?

Answer: A varve is an annual layer of sediment or sedimentary rock.

Q 94. What is hydrology?

Answer: Study of Earth's water.

Q 95. Which process replenishes groundwater?

Answer: Recharge.

Q 96. What is watershed?

Answer: Area draining water into a river.

Q 97. What is mineralogy?

Answer: Study of minerals.

Q 98. Which mineral property is hardness?

Answer: Resistance to scratching.
Q 99. What is crystal lattice?
Answer: Mineral atomic structure.

Q 100. What is paleoclimatology?

Answer: Studying past climates.

Q 101. Which method analyzes ancient ice?

Answer: Ice core analysis.

IMPORTANT FACTS FATAFAT DEKHLO

Rocks and Minerals

1. Igneous rocks formed from magma/lava, e.g., granite, basalt.
2. Sedimentary rocks formed from sedimentation, e.g., sandstone, limestone.
3. Metamorphic rocks formed under high pressure/temperature, e.g., marble,
slate.
4. Minerals: naturally occurring inorganic substances with specific properties.
5. Rock cycle: igneous-sedimentary-metamorphic transformation.

Structural Geology
1. Folds: bending of rock layers, e.g., syncline, anticline.
2. Faults: fractures with displacement, e.g., normal, reverse.
3. Joints: fractures without displacement, e.g., tension, shear.
4. Unconformity: gap in rock record, e.g., erosional, depositional.
5. Plate tectonics: explains Earth's crust movement, e.g., continental drift.
 Geological Time Scale
1. Eons: largest time units, e.g., Precambrian (~4.5-541 Ma).
2. Eras: subdivisions of eons, e.g., Paleozoic (~541-252 Ma).
3. Periods: subdivisions of eras, e.g., Jurassic (~201-145 Ma).
4. Epochs: smallest time units, e.g., Pleistocene (~2.6-11.7 ka).
5. Geological time scale: 4.5 billion years, divided into 12 eons.

Physical Geology
1. India's oldest rocks: Archean (~3.5-2.5 Ga), e.g., Dharwar Craton.
2. Himalayas formed due to Indo-Eurasian plate collision (~50 Ma).
3. Deccan Traps: largest volcanic province (~65 Ma), e.g., basalt.
4. Indian mineral deposits: coal, iron, copper, limestone, e.g., Chhattisgarh.
5. Gondwana SuperGroup: ancient river valley (~250 Ma), e.g., Damodar Valley.

Geological Processes
1. Weathering: breakdown of rocks, e.g., mechanical, chemical.
2. Erosion: removal of weathered material, e.g., water, wind.
3. Deposition: sediment accumulation, e.g., rivers, oceans.
4. Geological mapping: rock distribution/structure, e.g., field observations.
5. Remote sensing: geological feature identification, e.g., satellite imagery.
 Miscellaneous
1. Geological hazards: earthquakes, landslides, floods.
2. Environmental geology: human impact on Earth's systems.
3. Geochemistry: study of Earth's chemical composition.
4. Geophysics: study of Earth's physical properties.
5. Paleontology: study of fossils and ancient life.

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