R=01

0.7

0.6

0.5

0 4
S
Shells
)3
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0
 -9
pax14
saqn.
s
paxa
paxt
nax
paxLsaqn
Table Count Tube TubesiExchanger Heat
109 Table
 Temperature Processes
T
Cooling A
Cooling dnd Heating in
Countert

Heating 8

T
Cooling

T Cooling and Heating

in Parallet

Heoting B

Cooling A

Cooling ond Vaporization

t in Parallel or ounierflow
Vaporlzotlon 8

Tondensation A T, Cooling ot Condengatiorn

12 Parallel or Counterflow
Heoting E

Length of Fluid Path in Exchonger

A Reprosents the Difference in Temperature Between the
Flowing Fluids at any Point in the Exchanger

igure 10-30. Temperature paths in heat exchangers.

 R,e
-
ler Pr,-5
kjer

0!
Re, 10

Figure 10-67B. Correlation of McAdams representing the condensing film coetficient on the outside of vertical tubes, integrated for the entire
tube length. This represents the streamline transition and turbulent tlow conditions for Prandtl numbers 1 and 5. Do not extrapolate Prandtl
numbers, Pr, beyond 5. (Used by permission: Engineering Data Book II ©1984, Wolverine Tube, Inc.)
 PASCALS
8 03 104 S 6
T

-00UBLE -SEGHENTAL PLATE BAFFLE- BAFFLE SPAC ING 4.s INCH

D- VERTICAL ROO BAFFLE BAFFLE SPACING 2. TNCH
CRISS-CROSS ROD BAFFLE SPAC INC

10
rHR TuBE 0D - 0.5 1NCHES
LAYOUT - sOUARE
TUBE P[rCH O.6875 INCH

Le 2+ TUBE LENGTH 9.7 FT

137 TUBES
-
RATE SIMLLAR TEMPERATURE CONDITLQNS
TUBE SUPPORT DISTANCE 9.8 INCH.

2 3
SMELL-SI0E PRESsURE LOSs LB/Fr2

Figure 10-T3. Shel-side pressure loss for 3 shell-side bafle configurations-RODbafles.(Used by permission: Small, W. M., and Young, R. K.
Heat Transfer Engineering, V. 2, O1979. Taylor and Francis, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. All rights reserved.)
 Cacdessing Coefficiest
50 70 00 200 300 500 700 L000 2.000 5000 IOO00
02 03 05 Q7 lo
Outaide of Tube Inside ef Tube
Horizontel Tubes G Horizontel Tubes G'"*a0.5 LN
iverticot Tbet 's4 ND
DTube 0.0,t.
1LoTobe Length ,It.
I NMumber of Tubes in Bundle
iWCondesing Moss Flow , Iba/:
hem 0.945 k,p9_jus
Condensete Flow Must be
Steanline I800
neoeo
Ho 210O. This is Usuel Cate.

hdoctivityBtv.h.
al
12

0
2530

5 7 20 30 50 70 I00 200 3000 500 700 L000 2,000 5,000 I0,000 20.000 5oD00 00,000
Condensing Load G', G or G, lbs./hr./lin. t.
Figurg 10-67A Condensing film coeficients outside horizontal or vertical tubes. (Used by permission: Kern, D.Q. Process Heat Transfer, 1" Ed., 1950. McGraw-Hill, Inc. All
rights reserved.)
 LO00

2xgxpxD, 1, 5.22 ni09, D, 1sx¢,

Ratfle
Cleoran
Spacinst Adj0ctnt
in
Tube,in.
D Equivalent Diameter, fi.
d Equivalent Dieneier ,in. See j Curve for Numerical
Values.
D laside Diemeter af Shell ,fl.
G Moss Velocity, Ib/hr.Isg.t. Flow Areal
Acceleration of Gravily,4.19 &I08 FI./hr2
Tube Length
N4 Numher of Times Fluid Crosses Bundle Irom Inlel to
Outlet, 2L/8
Tube Pilch,in.
BR. Shell Side Pressure Drop , psi

AFFLE

-A-D

P Density ,IB./eu.ft.
Viscosity at Ihe Calorie Temperatu re , Ib. /tt. z hr.
Viscosity at the Tube Woll Temperature,lb./ft. hr.
Note: Friction Foctors are Dimensionol,s4.f1./sq. in to
give dp, in psi Directly.
For Dimensionless Friction Factor, Multiply
Ordinate f, by 144.
3 45 7 o 00,000

Flqure 10-140. Shell-side fiction factors for low-finned and plain tubes. (sed by pemission: Engineering Data Book, 1960. Wolverine Tube, Inc.)
 4nv's/62.5
Ap, 2g' 144,
ps

.5
LO

03

o1s

o07

Q05

Apr tn)End Return Loss per

Exchonger
.Numh esse

dp, Pess End Return Pressure

Drop,pai, tncludes Entrance
Loss ond Erit Loss for
0007
One Pas.
0005 SSpecific Gravity of Fluid

This Allos Four Velocity Heods

0003
per Pass as per TEMA (88).

00015

00010
o. OJ5 03 0s 07 10 5 3 5 7 10 5 30 50 70 00
Tube Velocity,ft/sc.

Figure 10-139. Tube side end return pressure drop per tube pass; vis
cosity close to water.
 O07 AP
O05
S20DKS
AP, Pre:
Presure Drop
in. Tubas,f1
4q.ft./q. (Friction Foctor, q. f1./sq. in.
002 G Mes VeBecity, Ib/(e.sq. ft./Cross Section)

,f, 00 g*Acceeretion of Gravity ,.Khr.)2

LTube Length, ft.
Facter.0007 N Totol Nunber of Tubes
.0005E $ Specific Grety of Cos or Liquid Referenced to Weter
Frietion
.0003 Pi.
.0002 Density, tb.feu. t.
=Viscosity at Caloric Tenperatute
=b./ft.)ht.)
Tube Watl Tompergture
.000073 , (u,ja4 above Rer 2,100
00005 (plp, ja.2 beiow Re 2,100
Number of Tube Peses
00003H Note
(u ia Centipoise242)={p in Ih.L.hr)
00002 For Dissnsionless Frictisn Faclor Multipky
Ordinote ,f, by l44
0000 20 30 50 70 100 200 500 ,000 2000 5p00 topoo 20000 50000 Do,p0o 500,000 (00gpox
Rea

Figure 10-137. Heating and cooling intube bundles-tube-side fric

tion factor. (Used by permission: Kern, D. Q. Process Heat Transfer, 1st
Ed., p. 836, 1950. McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Using
nomenclature of Standards of Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers
Association.)
 70

50

30

Dio. BWG Key

/2

20
5/8 16
3/4

0.7
0.5

0.3

ous 208
0.1
300 500 700 000 500 3,000 5,000 7000 10000 30,000
Water Flow Rate,lbs. /hr. /Tube
(0) For Water Temperature of 120 F, AP, Decreoses about 6%
For Most Applicotions Temperature Correction is not Signilicont.
(2) Increase AP, by 20% to Alow for Efect of Usuol Fouling.

Figure 10-138. Pressure drop for water in smooth tubes at 68°F.

(Used by permission: Scovill Heat Exchanger Tube Manual, 3d Ed.
Scovill Manufacturing Co.)
 ho -ALM RATE REFERRED TO HZAT TRANSF2R
O.D. TUEE SURFACE WATTSR INSDE 9BWG TUBES

CORRECToN MULTP
BWG "
20 0975

WESTERN SUPPLY COMPANY

Figure 10-508. Heat transfer film coefficient for water flowing inslde 1 in. 18 BWG tubes referred to outside tube surface area for plain tubes.
Note the corrections for tubes of wall gauges other than 18 BWG. (Used by permission: J. B. Co., Inc., Westerm Supply Div, Tulsa, Okla.)
 04 05 06 0.7 08 LO
Inside Diameter of Tube
3,000

2,000

I,000
900
000
# 700
Coet 600
Transfer
500

s00
Haat
ilm |Bosed on 344*0D(0.62"1D) a16 BWG
Tube.
200 Obtain
(a) h for Other Tube,Muliply Curwe Vtlue,
hje by Correctien Factor, Fy
(b) he, Mutiply Corrected hj by t
oomulaluulauhauu
3 5 6 7 8 9 I0 20
Tube Velocity, Ft/Sec.
Figure 10-50A. Tube-side film heat transfer coefficient for water.
(Used by permission: Kern, D. Q., Process Heat Transfer, 1 Ed.,
01950. McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Original adapted from
Eagle and Ferguson, Proc. Royal Society A 127, 450, ©1930.)
 cess
Design

for
Chemical

and

Petrochernical

Plants
 PASCALS
5 8 10 3 8 10 3 8 105

v - D0UBLE -SEGHENTAL PLATE BAFFLE- BAFFLE SPRCING ,9 NCH

O-VERT ICAL RO0 BAFFLE BAFFLE SPACING 2.4 INCH
O - CRIS5-CROSS ROD BAFFLE BAFFLE SPACING 9.8 INCH

10
TUBE O0 0.5 INCHES TuBE PIrCH 0.6875 INCH
LAYOUT - sOUARE TUBE LENC TH 9.7 FT
SHELL ID - 10.25 INCHES 137 TUBES

DITLONs
TUBE SUPPORT DISTANCE 9.6 INCH.

104

102 3 4 s 6 10

SHELL-SIDE PRESsURE LOSs LB/F T2

Figure 10-73 Shell-side pressure loss for 3 shell-side baffie configurations--RODbaffles. (Used by permission: Small, W. M., and Young, R. K.
Heat Transfer Engineering, V2, 1979. Taylor and Francis, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. All rights reserved.)