To insert an image in MS Word with the caption, formatting, and wrapping, follow these steps:

1. Insert the Image

 Open the Word document.

 Go to Insert > Pictures and select the image from your device or an online source.

2. Resize the Image

 Click on the image.

 Drag the corners of the image to resize proportionally or use the Size options under the
Picture Format tab.

3. Crop the Image

 Select the image, then go to Picture Format > Crop.

 Adjust the crop handles to cut out unwanted parts.

4. Position the Image

 Right-click on the image and select Wrap Text.

 Choose a text wrapping option, such as Square, Tight, or Behind Text.
 Drag the image to position it as needed.

5. Add a Caption

 Right-click the image and select Insert Caption.

 Choose a label (e.g., "Figure") and write your caption in the text box.
 Position the caption as desired (above or below the image).

Table in msword

1. Create a Table

 Go to the Insert tab on the Ribbon.

 Click Table and choose:
o Drag the grid to create a table of the desired size.
o Select Insert Table for a dialog box to specify rows and columns.
o Use Draw Table to manually draw rows and columns.

2. Add a Row/Column to an Existing Table

 Add Row:
 o Place the cursor in the last row or right-click any row.
o Choose Insert → Insert Rows Below or Insert Rows Above.
 Add Column:
o Place the cursor in a column or right-click a column.
o Choose Insert → Insert Columns to the Left or Insert Columns to the Right.

3. Delete Rows/Columns

 Delete Row:
o Select the row to delete by clicking its left margin.
o Right-click → Delete Rows.
 Delete Column:
o Select the column by clicking at the top.
o Right-click → Delete Columns.
 Delete Table:
o Right-click the table and select Delete Table.

4. Add a Caption to a Table

 Select the table.

 Go to the References tab.
 Click Insert Caption.
 Choose a label like "Table" and type a description (e.g., Table 1: Sales Data).

5. Merge and Split Cells

 Merge Cells:
o Select the cells to merge.
o Go to the Layout tab (under Table Tools).
o Click Merge Cells.
 Split Cells:
o Select the cell(s) to split.
o Click Split Cells and specify the number of rows and columns.

6. Adjust Dimensions of Rows/Columns

 Manually Resize:
 o Drag the row or column border to adjust size.
 Exact Dimensions:
o Select the table, go to the Layout tab.
o Use the Height and Width options to set specific dimensions.

7. Change Text Alignment

 Select the text or cell(s).

 Go to the Layout tab.
 Use the Alignment group to choose:
o Top Left, Top Center, Top Right
o Middle Left, Middle Center, Middle Right
o Bottom Left, Bottom Center, Bottom Right.

Insert Equation Symbols:

 Go to the "Insert" tab.

 Click on "Equation" in the Symbols group (or press Alt + =).
 Select a predefined equation or click "Insert New Equation" to create your own.
 For symbols:
o Use the Equation Tools Design tab, which appears after inserting an equation.
o Alternatively, press Alt + \ and type LaTeX-like commands for quick insertion.

2. Add a Watermark:

 Go to the "Design" tab.

 Click "Watermark" in the Page Background group.
 Choose a built-in watermark (e.g., "Confidential") or click "Custom Watermark" to:
o Add text or an image watermark.
o Adjust opacity, size, and layout.

3. Enable the Mailing Feature:

The Mailings tab allows you to create envelopes, labels, and mail merge:

 If it’s not visible:

1. Click File > Options > Customize Ribbon.
2. Under Main Tabs, check Mailings and click OK.
 For Mail Merge:
 o Go to Mailings > Start Mail Merge.
o Choose the type (letters, emails, etc.).
o Use Select Recipients to link a data source.

4. Create a Macro:

Macros automate repetitive tasks:

1. Go to the View tab and click Macros > Record Macro.

2. Name your macro and choose how to run it:
o Assign to a button.
o Use a keyboard shortcut.
3. Perform the actions you want to automate (e.g., formatting, inserting elements).
4. Click Stop Recording when done.
5. To run the macro:
o Click View > Macros > View Macros, select your macro, and click Run.

Combining All Features in a Macro

You can write a VBA script to combine these features. For example:

1. Press Alt + F11 to open the VBA editor.

2. Insert a new module:
o Right-click your project, choose Insert > Module, and write the script.
3. Example code:

vba
Copy code
Sub InsertEquationWatermarkMailMacro()
' Insert Equation
Selection.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = wdAlignParagraphCenter
Selection.TypeText Text:="E = mc^2"

' Add Watermark

ActiveDocument.Sections(1).Headers(wdHeaderFooterPrimary).Shapes.AddTextEffect
_
msoTextEffect1, "Confidential", "Arial", 36, msoFalse, msoFalse, 0, 0
_
.Fill.ForeColor.RGB = RGB(192, 192, 192)

' Enable Mailing Feature

' No direct VBA for enabling Mail Merge tab, as it's built-in.

MsgBox "Macro completed!"

End Sub

UNIT 3

Description of MS Excel Home Page

When you open MS Excel, the home page has the following key components:

1. Title Bar: Displays the name of the workbook and the Excel application.
2. Ribbon: Contains tabs like Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Review, and
View, each with relevant tools.
o The Home tab includes frequently used tools such as font formatting, alignment,
and number formatting.
3. Quick Access Toolbar: Located at the top-left corner, it provides shortcuts for
commonly used commands like Save, Undo, and Redo.
4. Formula Bar: Displays or allows editing of the contents of the active cell, including
formulas.
5. Worksheet Area: The main grid divided into rows (numbered) and columns (lettered).
6. Sheet Tabs: Located at the bottom, they allow navigation between multiple sheets in a
workbook.
7. Status Bar: Found at the bottom of the window, it shows information like the sum or
average of selected cells, as well as options for zooming and changing the view.

Creating a New Spreadsheet

1. Open MS Excel.
2. Select Blank Workbook from the startup screen or press Ctrl + N.
3. A new spreadsheet with default settings will open.

Opening an Existing Spreadsheet

1. Go to the File tab.

2. Click Open and choose:
o Browse to locate a file on your computer.
o Recent to access recently opened files.
3. Select the file and click Open.

Saving a Spreadsheet
 1. First Time Save:
o Go to the File tab and click Save As.
o Choose a location (e.g., This PC, OneDrive) and specify the file name and format
(e.g., .xlsx).
o Click Save.
2. Quick Save:
o Press Ctrl + S or click the Save icon on the Quick Access Toolbar.
3. AutoSave:
o If working from OneDrive, toggle AutoSave at the top-left corner.

Closing a Spreadsheet

1. Go to the File tab and click Close.

2. Or press Ctrl + W to close the current workbook.
3. If changes are unsaved, Excel will prompt you to save before closing.

Introduction to Cells, Rows, Columns, and Spreadsheet Text Formatting

Features in Excel

Microsoft Excel is a powerful tool for managing and analyzing data. Here’s an overview of its
basic components and formatting features:

1. Cells

 Definition: A cell is the intersection of a row and a column. Each cell has a unique address (e.g.,
A1, B2).
 Usage: Cells are used to input, edit, and store data such as numbers, text, formulas, and dates.

2. Rows and Columns

 Rows:
o Rows are horizontal and are identified by numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3).
o Example: Row 1 is the first horizontal line in the spreadsheet.
 Columns:
o Columns are vertical and are identified by letters (e.g., A, B, C).
o Example: Column A is the first vertical line in the spreadsheet.
 Intersection: A specific row and column's intersection forms a cell.
3. Spreadsheet Text Formatting Features

Excel offers a range of formatting options to enhance the readability and presentation of your
data.

A. Text Formatting

 Font Style and Size: Change the font type, size, and color using the Font group in the toolbar.
 Bold, Italic, Underline: Highlight key data by applying bold, italic, or underline styles.
 Alignment: Adjust the text alignment (left, center, right) or vertically align text within a cell.
 Text Wrapping: Enables text to appear on multiple lines within a single cell.
o Go to Home > Wrap Text.
 Merge and Center: Combine multiple cells and center the content.
o Go to Home > Merge & Center.

B. Borders and Shading

 Add borders around cells to create a clear table structure.

o Go to Home > Borders.
 Apply background colors (shading) to highlight specific cells.
o Go to Home > Fill Color.

C. Number Formatting

 Format cells to display numbers, percentages, currency, or dates.

o Example: Change 0.75 to 75% by selecting Percent Style.

D. Conditional Formatting

 Automatically format cells based on specific conditions.

o Example: Highlight cells with values greater than 100.
o Go to Home > Conditional Formatting.

E. Customizing Cell Sizes

 Row Height and Column Width: Adjust sizes manually or automatically fit content using AutoFit.

Cell Addressing, Formula Bar, and Number Format in Excel

In Excel, several features help users effectively manage and work with data. These include cell
addressing, the Formula Bar, and number formatting. Let's explore each concept in detail.
1. Cell Addressing in Excel

Cell addressing refers to the way Excel identifies and refers to cells in a spreadsheet. There are
three main types of cell addressing:

 Relative Cell Addressing

o Description: The default addressing type. When you copy a formula containing relative
references, the references adjust based on the new location.
o Example: In a formula like =A1+B1, if the formula is copied from C1 to C2, the new
formula in C2 would automatically update to =A2+B2.

 Absolute Cell Addressing

o Description: The cell reference remains constant when you copy the formula to other
cells. It is marked with a dollar sign ($).
o Example: In the formula =$A$1+$B$1, both the column and row references are locked.
When the formula is copied anywhere else, the formula still refers to cell A1 and B1.

 Mixed Cell Addressing

o Description: A combination of relative and absolute addressing. Either the row or the
column is fixed, but not both.
o Example:
 =$A1 – Locks the column but allows the row to change.
 =A$1 – Locks the row but allows the column to change.

2. Formula Bar in Excel

 Definition: The Formula Bar is located above the spreadsheet grid, and it shows the contents of
the active cell (either data or formulas).
 Functionality:
o Data View: If the active cell contains text or a number, the Formula Bar shows the data.
o Formula View: If the active cell contains a formula, the Formula Bar displays the actual
formula.
o Editing: You can edit or enter a new formula directly in the Formula Bar by clicking on it.

How to Use the Formula Bar:

 Click on a cell where you want to view or edit the content.

 The Formula Bar will show the current contents of the cell, whether it’s a number, text, or
formula.
 You can also directly enter or modify a formula in the Formula Bar (e.g., =SUM(A1:A5)).

3. Number Formatting in Excel

Excel offers a wide range of options for formatting numbers to suit different needs, such as
displaying currency, percentages, dates, or scientific notation. Number formatting makes data
more readable and visually appealing.

Common Number Formats:

 General: The default format. It adjusts to the type of data entered (e.g., number, text).
 Number: Displays numbers with a set number of decimal places and allows the use of a
thousand separator.
o Example: 1,000.00
 Currency: Displays numbers with a currency symbol.
o Example: $1,000.00
 Accounting: Similar to currency but aligns currency symbols and decimal points.
o Example: ($1,000.00)
 Percentage: Displays numbers as percentages.
o Example: 50% (entered as 0.50).
 Date and Time: Formats numbers as dates or times.
o Example: 12/01/2024 or 01:30 PM.
 Scientific: Displays numbers in scientific notation.
o Example: 1.23E+03 for 1230.
 Custom: Allows you to create custom formats, such as adding text to numbers or changing the
number of decimal places.

How to Apply Number Formats:

1. Select the cells you want to format.

2. Go to the Home tab on the ribbon.
3. In the Number group, choose a predefined format from the dropdown list or click on the
Number Format box to open more options.
4. For more customization, select More Number Formats from the dropdown to open the Format
Cells dialog box, where you can select custom formats, date/time, and special formatting
options.

Concept of Absolute and Relative Cell Addressing in Excel

In Excel, cell referencing determines how formulas or functions interact with cells. There are two
primary types of cell addressing: Absolute and Relative. Each serves a specific purpose when
copying formulas across cells.

1. Relative Cell Addressing

  Definition: A relative reference changes its address based on the position where the formula is
copied.
 Default Behavior: When you enter a formula in a cell and copy it elsewhere, Excel adjusts the
references relative to the new location.
 Syntax: Standard cell references without special symbols (e.g., A1, B2).

Example:

Suppose cell A1 has the value 10, and A2 has the value 20.

 Formula in B1: =A1 + A2.

 If you copy the formula to B2, it becomes =A2 + A3.

2. Absolute Cell Addressing

 Definition: An absolute reference remains fixed, no matter where the formula is copied.
 Syntax: A dollar sign ($) is used before the column and row (e.g., $A$1, $B$2).

Example:

Suppose cell A1 has the value 10, and you want to multiply it by different values in column B.

 Formula in C1: =$A$1 * B1.

 When copied to C2, the formula remains =$A$1 * B2 because $A$1 is absolute.

3. Mixed Cell Addressing

 Definition: Mixed references lock either the column or the row, but not both.
 Syntax:
o Lock column: $A1 (column "A" is fixed).
o Lock row: A$1 (row "1" is fixed).

Example:

If $A1 is used in a formula:

 Copying across columns keeps the reference to column A constant but allows rows to change.

When to Use Relative and Absolute Addressing

 Scenario Type of Addressing Example

Applying a formula across

Relative Addressing Summing sequential rows: =A1 + B1.
rows/columns

Absolute
Referencing a fixed value or cell Using a constant multiplier: =$A$1 * B1.
Addressing

Referencing fixed rows in dynamic

Partially locking a column or row Mixed Addressing
columns.