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5 views4 pages

1729501056540_SQL_Notes_4

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workforindia12345
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Date and Time Functions

MySQL's built-in date-related functions can be used in SELECT statements, with or


without specifying a table, to retrieve a result of the function. Or you can use the
functions with any type of date field.

There are in total 58 built-in date and time functions in SQL.

We must study 7.

YYYY-MM-DD
YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS

1. NOW( ) – returns the current date and time as a value in the format – ‘YYYY-MM-DD
HH:MM:SS’ or ‘YYYYMMDD HHMMSS’ of the system (current time zone) at the time the
command was executed.

mysql> SELECT NOW();


+---------------------------------------------------------+
| NOW() |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 2021-06-23 12:05:26 |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

** This function does not need any argument value (neither a variable value nor a
column value).

2. DATE(date_expression_time) - returns the date part of the given date value (with
time) or of the date field otherwise current date.

mysql> SELECT DATE(‘2021-06-23 12:05:26’);


+---------------------------------------------------------+
| DATE(‘2021-06-23 12:05:26’) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 2021-06-23 |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT DATE(NOW());


+---------------------------------------------------------+
| DATE(2023-10-09 10:03:56)
|
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 2023-10-09 |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT DATE();


+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check
the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the
right syntax to use near ')' at line 1 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT DATE(NOW());
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| DATE(NOW()) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 2021-06-23 |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

DATE(NOW( ) )
1. NOW( ) = 2021-06-23 12:05:26
Now() returns - Current date + time
2. DATE(NOW( )) = DATE(2021-06-23 12:05:26) = 2021-06-23
Date( ) returns – date part of date_time expression

Consider the table – Frenzone

CREATE TABLE Frenzone (


Cod varchar,
Title VARCHAR,
DOF date
);

INSERT INTO Frenzone(Cod,Title,DOF)


VALUES
('Tan ','SONIC ','2010-12-25') ,
('Kewl ','Lava ','2018-06-11') ;

SELECT * FROM Frenzone;

Code ||Title ||DOF


Tan | SONIC | 2010-12-25
Kewl | Lava | 2018-06-11

mysql> SELECT DATE(DOF);


+---------------------------------------------------------+
| DATE(DOF) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 2010-12-25 |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 2018-06-11 |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

If the entry for the field named DOF was –


2010-12-25 12:20:36
2018-06-11 02:36:00

Code ||Title ||DOF


FF | SONIC | 2010-12-25 12:20:36
Fr | Lava | 2018-06-11 02:36:00

Then the output would be (the same)


mysql> SELECT DATE(DOF)FROM Frenzone;
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| DATE(DOF) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 2010-12-25 |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 2018-06-11 |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT DATE(DOF)*2 AS “GEN FAR AHEAD” FROM Frenzone;


+---------------------------------------------------------+
| AS “GEN FAR AHEAD” |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 4020-12-25 |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 4036-06-11 |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

Write a query to
i. extract date from the given date value – ‘2024-12-12 12:20:06’

ii. show 20 years later year from the current date of your system

iii. show 10 days after TODAY’S date

What will be the output of the statement –


i. mysql> SELECT NOW(DATE());

ii. mysql> SELECT DATE(NOW());

iii. mysql> SELECT DATE();

iv. mysql> SELECT DATE(‘2024-20-12’);

v. mysql> SELECT DATE(‘2024-02-30’);

vi. mysql> SELECT DATE(‘2024-12-2412:40:00’);

vii. mysql> SELECT DATE(‘2024-12-24 12:40:64’);

viii. mysql> SELECT DATE(NOW);

ix. mysql> SELECT NOW(DATE());

Extract date from the given date value – ‘2021-12-12 12:20:06’


mysql> SELECT DATE(‘2024-12-12 12:20:06’);

What will be the output of the statement –


i. mysql> SELECT NOW(DATE());
Error

ii. mysql> SELECT DATE(NOW());


DATE(NOW())
NOW() = 2024-06-23 12:44:06
DATE(NOW()) = DATE(2024-06-23 12:44:06)

2024-06-23

iii. mysql> SELECT DATE();


2024-06-23

iv. mysql> SELECT DATE(‘2024-20-12’);


ERROR because month value = 20 which is invalid (months are 1 to
12)

v. mysql> SELECT DATE(‘2024-02-30’);


ERROR because February month has no day as 30)

vi. mysql> SELECT DATE(‘2024-12-2412:40:00’);


ERROR because no space between 24 and 12 so invalid day value and
invalid time frame also.

vii. mysql> SELECT DATE(‘2024-12-24 12:40:64’);


ERROR seconds value invalid

viii. mysql> SELECT DATE(NOW);


ERROR NOW( ) is used without ( )

ix. mysql> SELECT NOW(DATE());


ERROR NOW( ) does not require an input argument.

*************

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