PTZ Virtual USB Driver OperationsManual

Introduction
PTZ Virtual USB Driver is a software program that runs on Windows.

By running this software on a Windows computer, you can let Windows recognize the Panasonic
camera connected to the computer on network (hereinafter referred to as the “Network Camera”)
as the virtual USB camera, and you can use this camera.

Main features

Features of this software program are as follows:

• Converts the Network Camera into the virtual USB camera

Let Windows recognize the Network Camera as the virtual USB camera. This makes it
possible to use video and audio of the Network Camera in various Windows applications
such as video distribution and video recording of the USB camera.

• Supports video and audio of H.264 stream

You can receive video and audio of H.264 stream on the Network Camera, and use them in
Windows applications.

• You can register up to five Network Cameras

You can register up to five Network Cameras.

• Automatic detection of Network Cameras

You can automatically detect and register cameras connected on the network.

Operating environment

The following environment is required for using this software.

●OS
 Windows 8.1 64bit
Windows 10 64bit
Windows 11

●Computer
CPU: Core i5-7300U (2.60 GHz) and above
Memory: 4GB and above

The software supports the following camera products (As of April 2022).
* For the latest support models, please check the PTZ Virtual USB Driver product page on the
following website.
https://pro-av.panasonic.net/en/
●Panasonic’s network compliant cameras
PTZ camera
• AW-UE150/155
• AW-UE100
• AW-HE130/AW-HN130
• AW-HR140
• AW-UE80/AW-UE50/AW-UE40
• AW-UE70/AW-UN70
• AW-UE20
• AW-HE40/70/65, AW-HN40/70/65
• AW-HE42/75/68
• AW-HE20
• AW-UE4
POVCAM
• AG-UMR20/AG-UCK20
• AG-MDR25/AG-MDC20
CX Camera Recorder
• AJ-CX4000 / AJ-UPX900
• AG-CX350 / AG-CX200 / AJ-UPX360
• AG-CX10 / AG-CX98
<Notes>
• Please update the firmware of the camera to the latest version before using it. You can
download the firmware from the following website.
http://pro-av.panasonic.net/en/

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Description given in this file
 Illustrations and images shown in this file may differ from the actual images.
 In this file, personal computer is mentioned as “PC”.

Registrations and registered trademarks

 Microsoft, Windows are the registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation of the United
States.
 Intel and Intel Core i5 are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation and
its subsidiaries in the United States of America and other countries.
 Other names, company names, product names, and the like mentioned in this document
are trademarks or registered trademarks of the respective company. In this document,
the TM and mark is not shown.

3
Initial settings of the camera

Before using this software, it is necessary to appropriately make the H.264 stream settings on
the Web screen of the Network Camera.
Parameters to be set may differ depending on the model of the Network Camera.
This section shows setting procedure of various models.

 The models listed in this manual are as of April 2022.

Please check the PTZ Virtual USB Driver product page on the following website for the
setting procedure of the latest model.
https://pro-av.panasonic.net/en/

H.264 setting conditions (PTZ camera, POVCAM)

This software receives H.264 stream of the Network Camera and fetches video and audio.
When using this software, H.264 stream settings should satisfy all of the following conditions.
• H.264 transmission
Out of H.264 (1) through H.264 (4), one or more should be turned on.
• Image capture size
It should be set to either of the following.
3840x2160 / 1920x1080 / 1280x720 / 640x360 / 320x180
• Transmission priority
It should be set to the following.
Frame rate
• Frame rate
It should be set to either of the following.
60fps / 50fps / 30fps / 25fps /24fps/ 15fps / 12.5fps / 5fps
• Audio encoding format (Only in the case of AW-HE130/AW-HN130, AW-HR140)
It should be set to the following.
AAC-LC (High quality)

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H.264 setting conditions (CX Camera Recorder)
This software receives H.264 stream of the Network Camera and fetches video and audio.
When using this software, H.264 stream settings should satisfy all of the following conditions.
• NETWORK -> NETWORK FUNC
It should be set to “STREAMING”.
• NETWORK -> STREAMING -> STREAMING FORMAT
It should be set to either of the following.
1920x1080 / 1280x720 / 640x360 / 320x180
• NETWORK -> STREAMING -> START TRIGGER
It should be set to “RECEIVER”.
• NETWORK -> STREAMING -> RTSP PORT
It should be set to “554”.

5
Settings of AW-UE150/155, AW-UE100
1. Start web browser.
2. In the URL field of web browser, enter the IP address of the Network Camera.
3. The Web screen of the Network Camera will open. Click the Setup button located on top
center.

4. Camera’s account and password confirmation screen will appear. Enter your account name
and password.
5. Click the [Video over IP] button on the left side of the Setup screen and click the
[Streaming mode] button in the [Video over IP] menu. The Streaming mode setting screen
is displayed. Set either "H.264 (UHD)", "H.264", "JPEG (UHD)", "NDI | HX". After setting
the parameters, click the Set button and save the settings.

6. Set the operation of H.264 (1) through H.264 (4) or NDI|HX stream in the [Video over IP]
menu. After setting the parameters, click the Set button and save the settings.

・When Streaming mode is "H.264 (UHD)", "H.264", "JPEG (UHD)"

H.264 transmission: Turns on the stream you want to use.

Image capture size: Sets the resolution within the range that satisfies the conditions
described in “H.264 setting conditions” in this section.
Transmission priority: Set it to “Frame rate”.

6
 Frame rate: Sets the frame rate within the range that satisfies the conditions
described in “H.264 setting conditions” in this section.

・When Streaming mode is "NDI|HX"

NDI|HX transmission：Set it to On.

Image capture size: Sets the resolution within the range that satisfies the conditions
described in “H.264 setting conditions” in this section.
Frame rate: Sets the frame rate within the range that satisfies the conditions
described in “H.264 setting conditions” in this section.
7. With this, the setting is complete.

Settings of AW-HE130/AW-HN130, AW-HR140

1. Start web browser.
2. In the URL field of web browser, enter the IP address of the Network Camera.
3. The Web screen of the Network Camera will open. Click the Setup button located on top
left.

4. Camera’s account and password confirmation screen will appear. Enter your account name
and password.
5. Click the [Image/Audio] button on the left side of the Setup screen and select the [Video
over IP] tab located at the top of the screen that appears.

7
6. Set the operation of H.264 (1) through H.264 (4) in the [Video over IP] tab. When using this
software, it is necessary to make settings so that the following parameters satisfy the
conditions described here. After setting the parameters, click the Set button and save the
settings.
H.264 transmission: Turns on the stream you want to use.
Image capture size: Sets the resolution within the range that satisfies the conditions
described in “H.264 setting conditions” in this section.
Transmission priority: Set it to “Frame rate”.
Frame rate: Sets the frame rate within the range that satisfies the conditions
described in “H.264 setting conditions” in this section.

7. Select the [Audio] tab located at the top of the screen and set the Audio parameters. When
using this software, it is necessary to make settings so that the following parameters
satisfy the conditions described here. After setting the parameters, click the Set button and
save the settings.
Audio encoding format: Set to “AAC-LC (High quality)”.

8. With this, the setting is complete.

8
Settings of AW-UE80, AW-UE50, AW-UE40
1. Start web browser.
2. In the URL field of web browser, enter the IP address of the Network Camera.
3. The Web screen of the Network Camera will open. Click the Setup button located on top
center.

4. Camera’s account and password confirmation screen will appear. Enter your account name
and password.
5. Click the [Video over IP] button on the left side of the Setup screen and click the
[Streaming mode] button in the [Video over IP] menu. The Streaming mode setting screen
is displayed. Set "H.264". After setting the parameters, click the Set button and save the
settings.

6. Set the operation of H.264 (1) through H.264 (4) in the [Video over IP] menu. After setting
the parameters, click the Set button and save the settings.

H.264 transmission: Turns on the stream you want to use.

Image capture size: Sets the resolution within the range that satisfies the conditions
described in “H.264 setting conditions” in this section.
Transmission priority: Set it to “Frame rate”.

9
 Frame rate: Sets the frame rate within the range that satisfies the conditions
described in “H.264 setting conditions” in this section.
7. With this, the setting is complete.

Setting of AW-UE70/AW-UN70
1. Start web browser.
2. In the URL field of web browser, enter the IP address of the Network Camera.
3. The Web screen of the Network Camera will open. Click the Setup button located on top
left.

4. Camera’s account and password confirmation screen will appear. Enter your account name
and password.
5. Click the [Basic] button on the left side of the Setup screen and select the [Priority mode]
tab located at the top of the screen that appears.

6. Set the Priority Mode setting to either of the following. After setting the parameters, click
the Set button and save the settings.
• IP
• IP (4K)
• NDI|HX *AW-UN70 only
7. Click the [Image/Audio] button on the left side of the Setup screen and select the [Video
over IP] tab located at the top of the screen that appears.

10
 8. Set the operation of H.264 (1) through H.264 (4) in the [Video over IP] tab. When using this
software, it is necessary to make settings so that the following parameters satisfy the
conditions described here. After setting the parameters, click the Set button and save the
settings.
H.264 transmission: Turns on the stream you want to use.
Image capture size: Sets the resolution within the range that satisfies the conditions
described in “H.264 setting conditions” in this section.
Transmission priority: Set it to “Frame rate”.
Frame rate: Sets the frame rate within the range that satisfies the conditions
described in “H.264 setting conditions” in this section.

9. With this, the setting is complete.

Setting of AW-HE40/70/65, AW-HN40/70/65, AW-HE42/75/68

Setting parameters are same as AW-UE70/AW-UN70.
Refer to “Setting of AW-UE70/AW-UN70” and make the settings.
<Notes>
• IP (4K) will not appear in Priority Mode setting.
Set the Priority Mode setting to “IP” or “ NDI|HX”. “NDI|HX” will appear only in the case
of AW-HN40/70/65.

11
Setting of AW-UE20, AW-HE20, AW-UE4
1. Start web browser.
2. In the URL field of web browser, enter the IP address of the Network Camera.
3. The Web screen of the Network Camera will open. Click the Setup button located on top
left.

4. Camera’s account and password confirmation screen will appear. Enter your account name
and password.
5. Click the [Basic] button on the left side of the Setup screen and select the [Priority mode]
tab located at the top of the screen that appears.

6. Set the Priority Mode setting to either of the following. After setting the parameters, click
the Set button and save the settings.
• IP
• IP (4K)
7. Click the [Image/Audio] button on the left side of the Setup screen and select the [Video
over IP] tab located at the top of the screen that appears.
8. Set the operation of H.264/H.265 in the [Video over IP] tab. When using this software, it is
necessary to make settings so that the following parameters satisfy the conditions
described here. After setting the parameters, click the Set button and save the settings.
Stream transmission: Set it to “On”.
Codec: Set it to “H.264”.
Image capture size: Sets the resolution within the range that satisfies the conditions
described in “H.264 setting conditions” in this section.

12
 Frame rate: Sets the frame rate within the range that satisfies the conditions
described in “H.264 setting conditions” in this section.

9. With this, the setting is complete.

Settings of AG-UMR20/AG-UCK20, AG-MDR25/AG-MDC20

Setting parameters are same as AW-UE70/AW-UN70.
Refer to “Setting of AW-UE70/AW-UN70” and make the settings.
<Notes>
• “NDI|HX” will not appear in Priority Mode setting.
Set the Priority Mode setting to “IP” or ”IP (4K)”.

13
Settings of CX Camera Recorder
1. Open the “NETWORK -> NETWORK FUNC” menu on the camera and set it to
“STREAMING”.

2. Open the “NETWORK -> STREAMING -> STREAMING FORMAT” menu. And set the
resolution within the range that satisfies the conditions described in “H.264 setting
conditions(CX Camera Recorder)” in this section.

3. Open the “NETWORK -> STREAMING -> START TRIGGER” menu and set it to
“RECEIVER”.

14
4. (CX10 series only) Open the “NETWORK -> STREAMING -> RTSP PORT” menu and set
value to 554.

5. With this, the setting is complete.

15
Description of functions

Starting and closing the software

Starting the software

The software will automatically start after you login to Windows.

Closing the software

To close this software, click the X button at the top right of the window.
A confirmation screen for closing the software will be displayed. Select "Yes" to close this software.

16
Description of the Main screen
This section explains each element of the Main screen of this software.

① Register Camera button

You can newly register a Network Camera and add it to the list.
② Edit Camera button
You can edit the settings of the Network Camera selected from the list.
③ Delete Camera button
You can delete the Network Camera selected from the list.
④ Help button
It will show the help file (this document) of the software.
⑤ Camera list
It will show the list of Network Cameras that are registered.
The following details will appear in each column.
No.: Control number of the camera.
Camera Title: Title set on the Web screen of the camera. And this will be
“CX Camera Series” with the CX Camera Recorder.
Model: Type and model number of the camera.
IP Address: IP address of the camera.
Status: Status of the camera. For the details of each state, please refer to “Status
display of camera” given below.
Stream Setting: Number of the selected H.264 stream.
By clicking the▼ button, you can select H.264 stream to be used.
Video Format: Resolution and frame rate of the selected H.264 stream.
⑥ Display camera web screen button

17
 Displays the web screen of the Network Camera selected from the list in the web browser.
On the Web screen displayed from this button, some functions such as file download may
not operate normally.

Status display of camera

This section explains about the status display of camera that appears in the Main screen.
List of status that appears and respective state are as follows:

• ONLINE
Network Camera is recognized, and video and audio can be received normally.
• OFFLINE
Network Camera is not recognized. Either of the following could be the root cause.
- Power supply of the Network Camera is switched off, or it is in the standby mode
- PC and the Network Camera are not connected with the network cable
Check that the power supply of the Network Camera is ON, and PC and the Network Camera
are correctly connected with the network cable.
• UNSUPPORT
Although the Network Camera is recognized, settings of the Network Camera are not
supported by the software. Therefore, it cannot be used.
Set H.264 stream according to the procedure of “Initial settings of the camera” given in this
document.
• DISCONNECTED
Connection of the Network Camera is disconnected.
Check that the network connection between the PC and the Network Camera is correctly
done.
• AUTH FAIL
User authentication of the network camera is failed.
Check that the account and password you entered when registering the camera are correct.

18
Changing network settings(only for PTZ camera, POVCAM)
You can change the network settings of the Network Camera from this software.
Make settings as per the following steps.
1. Click the Edit button in the Main screen.

2. Select “PTZ Camera” on the Camera section on the Add/Edit Camera screen that appeared.

3. Click the “Auto Search” button on the Add/Edit Camera screen that appeared.

19
4. The Auto Search screen will appear, and the Network Cameras present on the network will
appear in the list.

5. From the list of Network Cameras, select the camera whose settings you want to change,
and then click the Network Setting button.
6. The Network Settings screen will open. Changing the respective parameter and clicking
the OK button will change the network settings of the camera.

20
① Network Settings
Select the setting method of IP address.
Static IP: Setting will be done with static IP.
DHCP: Setting will be done with DHCP.
② Port No.
It sets the port number to be used by the camera.
③ IPv4 Address
It sets the IP address of the camera.
It can be only set when Static IP is selected in Network Settings.
④ Subnet Mask
It sets the subnet mask of the camera.
It can be only set when Static IP is selected in Network Settings.
⑤ Default Gateway
It sets the gateway of the camera.
It can be only set when Static IP is selected in Network Settings.
⑥ DNS
Select the setting method of DNS server.
Auto: It automatically sets the DNS server.
Manual: You can directly specify the address of the DNS server.
⑦ Primary DNS
It sets the address of primary DNS.
It can be only set when Manual is selected in DNS.

21
 ⑧ Secondary DNS
It sets the address of secondary DNS.
It can be only set when Manual is selected in DNS.
⑨ OK button
It enables the settings and closes the screen.
⑩ Cancel button
It cancels the settings and closes the screen.

<Notes>
• For simultaneously using the EasyIpSetup software and this software, you cannot make
network settings from this software.

22
Flow until using the virtual USB
camera

This section explains the flow from registering the Network Camera / Camera Recorder with this
software until using it as a virtual USB camera in the Windows applications.
The broad flow is given below:
1. Register the Network Camera
2. Set the H.264 stream to be used
3. Use the virtual USB camera device in Windows application

1. Register the Network Camera

When using this software for the first time, register the Network Camera as per the following
steps.

1. Click the Add button on the Main screen of the software.

23
2. The Add/Edit Camera screen will appear. Enter the information of each parameter.

Camera: Select camera type

PTZ Camera: in the case of PTZ camera or POVCAM.
CX Camera Seriese: in the case of CX Camera Recorder.
IP Address: IP address of the Network Camera
Port: Port number of the Network Camera(Only for PTZ camera or POVCAM)
Login: Account of the Network Camera(Only for PTZ camera or POVCAM)
Password: Password of the Network Camera(Only for PTZ camera or POVCAM)
Resolution: Image resolution which set on the camera(Only for CX Camera)

As for the input method, you can manually enter the parameters or you can search the
Network Camera and automatically enter the parameters.
• When manually entering
Move to the box of each parameter, and enter a value.
• When automatically entering
Clicking the Auto Search button will shows the list of the Network Cameras
present on the network. Selecting any one camera from the list and closing the
window with the OK button will automatically populate some of the parameters.
3. Click the OK button and close the Add/Edit Camera screen.
4. A new network camera will be added to the camera list on the Main screen.
<Notes>
When adding a network camera, installation confirmation screen of "Panasonic AV
Stream Camera" device and "Panasonic Virtual Microphone" device may be displayed. In
that case please allow installation.
5. Few seconds after the Network Camera is added, the Status display on the Main screen
will change according to the state of the camera.
When the Network Camera is recognized and when it can be used in the software program,
the Status display will become “ONLINE”. Therefore, check that the Status display
becomes “ONLINE”. When the Status display is not “ONLINE”, refer to “Status display of
camera” in this manual and check the network connection and the settings of the Network

24
 Camera.
6. Repeat steps 1 through 5 above for the number of Network Cameras that are used.

25
2. Set the H.264 stream to be used

Network Cameras who status is “ONLINE” can receive the H.264 stream in this software.
Network Cameras can normally distribute multiple H.264 streams. Therefore, if required, with
the following procedure, set the H.264 stream to be used by this software.

1. From the camera list on the Main screen, select the Network Camera to be set.
2. Click the ▽ part in the Stream Setting column will show a list of H.264 streams that can
be set. Then, select the H.264 stream to be used.

3. If the settings are reflected, the display in the Video Format column will change.

<Notes>
• FPS information is not showed in the case of CX camera Recorder.

26
3. Use the virtual USB camera device

Registering a Network Camera in this software will create a virtual USB camera device on
Windows corresponding to the registered Network Camera. Virtual USB camera device is made
of the virtual video device meant for fetching video and the virtual audio device meant for
fetching audio.
Name of the virtual USB camera device created will be as follows. In *, a numerical value
corresponding to the Camera No. in the camera list on the Main screen will be entered.
Virtual video device: Panasonic AV Stream Camera *
Virtual audio device: Panasonic Virtual Microphone *

If the virtual USB device was created correctly, you will see the virtual Video device under
"Cameras" and the virtual Audio device under "Sound, video and game controllers" in Device
Manager. The following is an example of how Device Manager will appear when five Network
Cameras are registered.

27
For using the video of the Network Camera in the Windows application corresponding to the
USB camera, selecting Panasonic AV Stream Camera * in video device settings of the Windows
application will output the video of Network Camera in the Windows application, which can be
used in the Windows application.
Similarly, for using the audio of the Network Camera in the Windows application
corresponding to the USB camera, selecting Panasonic Virtual Microphone * in audio device
settings of the Windows application will output the audio of Network Camera in the Windows
application, which can be used in the Windows application.

<Notes>
• It may take about a few seconds until the video actually appears after selecting Panasonic
AV Stream Camera * in video device settings.
• When multiple virtual USB devices are used simultaneously, symptoms such as frame
dropping of video may occur depending on the performance of the PC. When such
symptoms have occurred, reduce the number of virtual USB devices that simultaneously
used.
• When changing the H.264 stream setting on the network camera, it takes about 5 seconds
for the setting to be reflected in this software. After changing the H.264 stream setting,
please allow at least 5 seconds before using the network camera with the Windows
application.

28
Appendix

Troubleshooting
This section explains the root cause of symptoms that occur when the software is running and
how to address these symptoms.

I registered a Network Camera, but its Status is OFFLINE.

Cause 1:
• Connection between the PC and the Network Camera is not correct.
Solution 1:
• Check that the PC and the Network Camera are connected correctly with the network
cable.

Cause 2:
• Power supply of the Network Camera is switched off, or it is in the standby mode
Solution 2:
• Check that the power supply of the Network Camera is turned on.

I registered a Network Camera, but its Status is UNSUPPORT.

Cause1:
• H.264 stream setting of the Network Camera is not supported by the software.
Solution1:
• Refer to “Initial settings of the camera” in this manual and set H.264 stream of the
Network Camera.
• In Stream Setting on the Main screen, select another H.264 stream except the H.264
stream that is selected at present.

Cause 2:
• The account or password entered when registering the network camera is incorrect.

29
 Solution 2:
• Check that the account or password is correct.

When displaying the video of the Network Camera in the Windows application, symptoms such
as frame dropping and image distorting occurs.
Cause:
• Decoding process of the video is not completing on time because of inadequate CPU
performance of the PC, etc.
Solution:
• Check the behavior of the software after changing the PC to another PC having high
performance CPU.
• If you are using multiple virtual USB devices simultaneously, reduce the number of
virtual USB devices used simultaneously.
• Reduce the resolution / frame rate / bit rate of the H.264 stream of the network camera.

I was trying to output the audio of Network Camera in the Windows application; however, I
didn’t get any audio.
Cause:
• Audio output setting of the Network Camera is not enabled.
Solution:
• Check that the audio output setting is enabled on the Web screen of the Network
Camera. For details, refer to the instructions manual of the respective Network
Camera.

Image from CX Camera Rrcorder is “Error”.

Cause:
• Image resolution on the camera side and on this application is not match.
Solution:
• Check the resolution settings on both side and match them for the same value.

Uninstallation Procedure
1. Select “Program and functions” in the Control Panel of Windows.
2. Selecting “Panasonic PTZVirtualUsbDriver” from the list of programs and clicking
“Uninstall” will show the confirmation screen.
3. Clicking “Yes” on the confirmation screen will uninstall the software.

30
Software Information Relating to This Product

This product includes the following open source software.

FFmpeg Ver. 4.1.3

- License information

GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 2.1, February 1999

Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence
the version number 2.1.]

Preamble

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.

This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some

specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the
Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You
can use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether
this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better
strategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,

not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge

31
for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get
it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of
it in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do
these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid

distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for
you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis

or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide
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with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling
it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the

library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal
permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.

To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that

there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is
modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know
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Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of

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restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that
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Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the

ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser

32
General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and
is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use
this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those
libraries into non-free programs.

When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using

a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a
combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary
General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the
entire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General
Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with
the library.

We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because it

does Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General
Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less
of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages
are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many
libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain
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For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to

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That's all there is to it!

- source code

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44