PSYC1000C

General Psychology
2024-25 Term 1 (Fall Term)
Lecture 1: Introduction
Lecturer: Vince NGAN

Teaching Assistants:
RUAN, Jingchi
FAN, Zhiyu
YANG, Yaqi
What to do today
Introduction of the course

What is Psychology?

How do we get here?

 Some milestones in history

How to study Psychology?

 Psychology as a science
Vince NGAN
Your lecturer
 Ph.D (CUHK)
 Office: Esther Lee Building 411
 Email: [email protected]

 Lectures: Thursdays 14:30 – 17:15

(LSK LT6)
 Consultations Hours:

Please email me to arrange for an appointment

Teaching Assistants
 Ms. RUAN, Jingchi
 Office: SB 348
 Email: [email protected]
 Consultations Hours: Wednesday 14:30-17:00
 Ms. FAN, Zhiyu
 Office: SB 348
 Email: [email protected]
 Consultations Hours: Friday 12:00-14:00
 Ms. YANG, Yaqi
 Office: WFY 603C
 Email: [email protected]
 Consultations Hours: Tuesday 15:00-17:00

 Please email them for course logistics matter (subject pool, grading,
quizzes, assignments, etc.)
Your Resources
Cacioppo, J. T., Freberg, L. A., &
Cacioppo, S. (2022). Discovering
Psychology: The Science of Mind (4th ed).
Cengage Learning.

Availability:
 University bookstore
 E-books
 University library

 Optional readings introduced during

the lecture
 Blackboard system
 https://blackboard.cuhk.edu.hk
 The VeriGuide system
(assignment submission)
 http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/veriguide
Access of textbook
For Print Book,
Student could visit the campus bookstore:

The Commercial Press - Book Shop, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
商務印書館 - 中文大學書店
Address: Sha Tin, 101 Yasumoto International Academic Park, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong (CUHK)

For eBook,
Discovering Psychology, MindTap, 12 Months Digital Access
https://www.cengageasiaestore.com/hk/9780357491355.html

Discount code: 242509 (for getting HKD$30 off)

Promotion Period: 26th AUG 2024- 30th SEP 2024
Course Key: MTPN-JVD3-7RDX

There is also an online-readable e-book that can be accessed from CUHK library

https://www.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/
Optional readings
Wouldn’t it be nice to hear what the
intellectual giants said?

For this week:

 “The Principles of Psychology” (1890) by
William James - Chapter 1. The Scope of
Psychology
 http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/James/Principles/i
ndex.htm

It’s optional, so it’s not going to be quizzed

– but it is still a quick but valuable read!
About PowerPoint Slides
Tentativearrangement: By each Wednesday I will
upload the slides in PDF format for the class onto
the course website for you to download

Reasons for not printing them out for you:

 Be nice to trees (not everyone likes to print them out)
 Be nice to you (different people like their slides printed
out in different ways)

Open to suggestion for better arrangement

About the Lectures
The Lectures are on Thursdays, from 14:30 to 17:15
Two ~5-minute breaks in-between (you may use it for
break or for asking questions)
Questions for clarification are welcome during the
lectures
If you are confused about something, chances are the
others might be, too!

Questions asked outside the lectures (e.g. via emails to

me) will be reposted to Blackboard with names omitted
If a topic is not fully covered in one week, it may be
carried over to the next
Course schedule
1 Sep 5 14:30-17:15 Introduction Ch.1

2 Sep 12 14:30-17:15 Research Methods Ch.2

Sensation &
3 Sep 19 14:30-17:15 Ch.5
Perception
4 Sep 26 14:30-17:15 Learning Ch.8

5 Oct 3 14:30-17:15 Memory Ch.9

6 Oct 10 14:30-17:15 Brain & Behavior Ch.4

14:30-15:15 Mid-Term Quiz
7 Oct 17 Thinking & Ch.10
15:15-17:15
Intelligence
Course schedule
8 Oct 24 14:30-17:15 Development Ch.11

9 Oct 31 14:30-17:15 Personality Ch.12

10 Nov 7 14:30-17:15 Social Psychology Ch.13

11 Nov 14 Congregation Day – No Lecture

12 Nov 21 14:30-17:15 Psychological Disorders Ch.14

Stress & Coping, Health Psychology

13 Nov 28 14:30-17:15 Ch.16
& Positive Psychology
Dec 2 (Mon)
14:30-17:15 Course Review and Final Exam
14 Make-up class /
(LSK LT7) Preparations
for week 11

Final Exam (Quiz 2): TBA

Grading scheme

Assessment Scheme Weight Time

Midterm Exam
40% 45 minutes
(Quiz 1)

Final Exam
50% 2 hours
(Quiz 2)

Study Participation /
10% Self-paced
Written Assignments
About the Quizzes
 Both Midterm and Final quizzes are closed-book / closed-note
 Rationale: This is an introductory course covering elementary concepts, so we
are hoping that you can remember them and use them in more advanced
courses or daily life situations
 You can use a calculator
 Mid-term (Quiz 1) will cover topic 1-6 (Introduction to Brain &
Behaviors)
 We will use the RAS system for the mid-term quiz, so please bring
your student ID and queue outside the lecture hall before the
quiz. We will count your attendance from the record of the RAS
system, so make sure to tap your student ID card!

 Final (Quiz 2) will cover all topics, from 1-12

 Final will be centralized
 Materials are drawn from lecture notes and relevant chapters in
the textbook (more from lecture notes)
 Quiz Format Mid-term
quiz:
Multiple-choice questions 24 Type-I
questions
Type I MC: Type II MC: 6 Type-II
The word “psychology’ Psychology is defined as Questions
comes from: the scientific study of
A. Latin A. people Final quiz:
B. Spanish B. things
C. Greek C. religion 60 Type-I
D. Italian D. mind questions
E. behaviour 12 Type-II
1 correct answer out 0-5 correct answer(s) Questions
of 4 choices out of 5 choices
About the Study Participation /
Written Assignments
 First-hand experience on psychology research (10%)
 Each hour of study participation accounts for 2%, and each piece
of written assignment accounts for 4%
 A combination of participation hours and written assignments is allowed (see
course outline for details)
 Subject pool experiments are great experiences to get hands-on with
psychology, and there are often limited supply!
 Each student can only submit at most three assignment pieces by
the last day of class
 The issue of no-shows and poor assignments
 Details to be available in Week 3 (or so) at:
http://www.psy.cuhk.edu.hk/subjectpool/
 Ifyou encounter any issues with the subject pool, please email
the TAs for assistance
AI Policies
Generative AI are widely used and will very likely be
more so in the future
Judicious use of AI tools help your study and research,
but you should know when and how to use it
Example: Using AI to help summarize papers? What is
best practice?
 Feeding raw papers into ChatGPT, etc.
 Dedicated tools (scite.ai, ResearchGPT, etc.)

A guide for student’s use of AI tools (CUHK)

A mix of approach 2 and 3
Assignments and AI
 The written assignments ask you
to evaluate quality psychology
articles from the journal
Psychological Science
 Designed to enhance your first-
hand understanding of
psychological research
 AI can be used to polish and refine
your assignments, but it should
not be used for the first pass of
your assignment. We want you to
invest original thinking into your
work because this is important as
your first foray into psychology
Assignments and AI
 The original text, the revised text, the prompt, the model
used, and the AI output should be included in the
assignment, if you use AI to help
 Refer to the course outline for detailed requirements
 Undeclared AI usage would be checked via ZeroGPT and Veriguide
AI Writing Detector (AWD)

 Fora comprehensive experience in psychology, you should

consider participating in experiments, not just writing
assignments
 Experiments and empirical studies are big parts in psychology!
Will I teach everything?
Not everything in the book would be covered in class,
and not everything in class will be mentioned in the
textbook

You willhave to read and learn some of the materials

by yourself, either for exam or not

Combined with the study participation / assignment

writing, this course expects a degree of self-initiative
from you! (Though the TAs and I will remind you from
time to time)
Behavior in class
Respect others, do not disrupt them by talking loudly
Be on time or enter the classroom with the least
interference
ASK QUESTIONS. During class, after class, on email
Behave with TAs as you would with me

Respect academic honesty:

 http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/policy/academichonesty/
The VeriGuide system:
 http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/veriguide/
Tips for this course
 Listen
carefully in lectures and pay attention to
announcements
 Participate actively in asking questions, discussions,
demonstrations
 After learning from cases, ask if you understand the
psychological principles involved and if you can retell them
 Go through the examples in course materials and make sure
you understand the principles behind
 Studying in groups help you understand the gaps in your
knowledge
What is this course for?
What is Psychology?
 What Is Psychology?
The ‘textbook’ definition:

The scientific study of:

• Mind: Thoughts, emotions,
behaviors
• Psychology: The scientific
study of behavior, mental
processes, and brain
functions
• Introspection: Personal
observations of our own
thoughts, feelings,
behaviors
Why do you study psychology?
 Help others with mental problems  Help my brother
 Looks cool  Understand myself
 Know more about myself and  Be happier
others
 Change my personality
 Understand why we do things
 How to get a romantic partner?
 Understand my emotions
 Understanding people helps make
 Control my emotions money
 Interesting  Remove discrimination
 How people interact with each  World peace
other
 Become a clinical / educational
 To become a psychologist psychologist
 Enhance my learning  Study the brain
 It’s interesting
 Psychology as a Hub Science
 In the Western Middle Ages,
theology and philosophy were
central disciplines organizing other
sciences
 Boyack et al. (2005) identified 7
main "hub" sciences: mathematics,
physics, chemistry, earth sciences,
medicine, psychology, social
sciences
 Psychology's importance and
influence in organizing other fields -
 Psychology offers insights to
understand complex human
behavior, just as natural sciences do
for nature

https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/psychology-is-a-hub-science
How can we help ourselves and
others in extreme situations?
 What are the most effective
ways to help people cope with
the loss of family members?

 Why did so many people offer

help?

 Are wealways willing to offer

help? Why?
Understanding human nature helps
explain various phenomena

Color adaptation

Law of Diminishing
Attribution: Happyavocado Marginal Returns
https://jcecons101.sg/2017/10/22/all-about-the-law-of-diminishing-marginal-returns/
 How are we affected?

Kau To Shan, a traditional area of upmarket

residences just outside of CUHK
Attribution: Wikipedia user - Wpcpey

•What defines “our ideal self”?

•Who defines it?
•Why does it work?
Are we rational beings?
 Wehave numerous biases in our perception of the world
and decision making.
Are we rational beings?
 Wehave numerous biases in our perception of the world
and decision making.

Consumer behavior

Do you know stands are

designed to catch your eye
and the store layout is
structured to maximize profit?
 How does
psychology view
humans?

General
Psychology

How do
How to apply
psychologists
psychology?
think?
 How does
psychology view
humans?

How do
How to apply
psychologists
psychology?
think?
What are humans?
 How does
psychology view
humans?

Nature vs. Nurture? How much are we

represented by our
animal drives?
Why are we so similar / different
from each other?

How do How conscious are we

How much are we affected by How
and how much towe
are apply
in
psychologists
others and the environment? control? psychology?
think?
 How does
psychology view
Describe humans?
Explain
Predict
Control

How do
How to apply
psychologists
psychology?
think?
So, what do you get from
studying psychology?
Critical and scientific
thinking

Understanding of yourself and others

So, what do you get from
studying psychology?
 Deeper understanding of ourselves and the people
around us
 Includes the social nature of the human species
and importance of social connectivity to our health
and well-being

 Improve critical thinking skills

 Discerning “fake news” and problem solving

 Understanding of and solutions to pressing

contemporary issues
 Applying solutions to various issues such as to
social justice and pandemics

 Simple curiosity
 Answers questions as to why we do what we do
 How does
psychology view
humans?
Studying
psychology
gives you tools
for your
research,
career and
daily-life
situations!

How do
How to apply
psychologists
psychology?
think?
Historical Milestones
What was it like before modern psychology?
Impetuses to modern psychology
Philosophical roots
Systematically examines basic concepts, including
the source of knowledge
Free will, and the origin of knowledge
Balance of biological factors (nature) and
environmental factors (nurture in the resulting
behaviors
Impetuses to modern psychology
Natural Sciences
Physical and biological events that
occur in nature
The mind is considered a physical
property, rather than a magical one
The mind could be studied
scientifically
Philosophers incorporated
physiological and psychological
concepts, setting the stage for
modern psychology
Before modern psychology
 7000 – 10000 BCE: Trepanation
to allow ‘the escape of evil
spirits’

 1689: John Locke introduces

idea of tabula rasa (blank
slates)

 1724-1804: Kant deemed it

impossible for psychology to
be a scientific discipline

 1807: Franz
Josef Gall
proposes phrenology
Wundt and Structuralism
 1879: Wilhelm Wundt inaugurates first
psychology laboratory in Leipzig,
Germany
 Tested reaction times
 Viewed mental experience as a hierarchy
 Edward Titchener expanded Wundt’s
views to establish the theory of
structuralism
 An approach in which the mind is broken
into the smallest elements of mental
experience
 Allows for uncovering and studying of
major components of mind

 Also: Role of Introspection (self-reports)

Fechner and the Measurable Mind
Gustav Fechner (1801-87)
 Mental processes can be measured with psychophysics
 JND (Just-noticeable difference): measure of the mind
 Stimulus intensity: measure of the physical world
James and Functionalism

William James (1842 – 1910)

 Functionalism
 An approach that saw behavior as purposeful
and contributing to survival
 Mary Whiton Calkins (1863 – 1930) was a
student of William James. She studied
memory and the self
 1870: William James sets up the first
psychology laboratory in America
 Moving from structure to what the mind
does and how behaviors help one adapt
to the environment
James and Functionalism

Functionalism
 Studied why behavior and mental
processes worked in a particular way
 James coined the term “stream of
consciousness” to describe the flow of
ideas that people experience while awake
 Emphasized the role of evolution
 Now absorbed into mainstream
psychology
Wertheimer and Gestalt Psychology
Max Wertheimer (1880 – 1943)
Gestalt Psychology
 An approach that saw experience
as being different from the sum of
its elements
Gestalt psychologists challenged
structuralism
Thought that breaking a whole
perception into building blocks
(structuralism) would result in
loss of important information
Perception as a dynamic whole
Freud and Psychodynamics
Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939)
Emphasized that behavior is
motivated by unconscious, inner
forces
Rooted in clinical practices
Believed in the impact of life
experiences on behavior
 Psychodynamic theory
 Unconscious mind
 Sexuality
 Dream analysis
 Psychological roots of abnormal
behavior
Maslow and Humanistic Psychology
Abraham Maslow (1908 – 1970)
 What made a person good?
 Self-actualizers who fulfilled their
highest needs and integrated
their whole selves

Humanistic Psychology
 The “third force” separate from
prevailing behaviorist and
psychodynamic theories
 Viewed people as innately good and
motivated to improve, and behave
badly only when corrupted by society
 Led to client-centered therapy
Behaviorism and empiricism in
Psychology
 But since 1920s, another strain of
psychology- behaviorism - grew
increasingly popular, as a reaction
to prevalent trends
 It holds that psychology should
study observable behavior, not
the unobservable mind
 Focus on the power of learning:
“Give me a baby and I can train
it into a person of any kind.” – B.
F. Skinner (1904 – 1990)
Behaviorism and their findings
Ivan Pavlov: Classical
conditioning, learned
association between events

John B. Watson: Relationship

between environmental cues
and behavior. Studied
observable behaviors, visual
recognitions, reaction time
Behaviorism and their findings
Edward Thorndike: Law of
Effect. Behavior followed by
pleasant or helpful outcomes
are more likely to be
repeated

B.F. Skinner: The Skinner box,

private inner states such as
thinking existed but they
followed the same rules as
public behaviors
Progress in Physiology – Basis of understanding of
what actually happens in the ‘black box’ of mind

Ramon y Cajal (1852-1934) and the neuron

doctrine
Korbinian Brodmann and Brodmann areas (1909)
Cognitive Revolution in the 1950s
Mental processes described in
engineering terms (e.g.,
channels, capacity, feedback,
central processor, buffer)
Working memory research
(Baddeley, 1986)
Selective attention (e.g, Posner,
1978)
Applied fields such as
information processing, thinking,
reasoning, and problem solving
(Ulric Neisser’s Theory of
Cognitive Psychology)
We have talked about
psychology’s evolution in time...
But what about the various perspectives of the discipline
independent of time?
Typical major areas
▪ Cognitive Science
▪ Education and Human Development
▪ Social, Industrial
and Organizational Psychology
▪ Psychology and Health

Language learning

Brain and behavior

 Other areas (a lot of them!)
Addictions Ethnic minorities Neuropsychology Rehabilitation
Advertising Evaluation Neuroscience Religion
Aging Experimental Peace School
Arts Family issues Pediatric Social
Behavior analysis Forensic Perception Social policy issues
Community
Group Personality Spirituality
Comparative
Conflict resolution Health Pharmacotherapy Sport
Consulting History Philosophical Statistics
Consumer Human factors Physiology Substance abuse
Counseling Human resources Police and public safety Teaching
Criminal justice Humanistic Population Testing
Developmental Hypnosis Psychoanalysis Theoretical
Disability Industrial & organizational Psychopharmacology Therapy
Eating disorders Law and psychology Psychotherapy Veterans affairs
Education
Lesbian, gay, & bisexual issues Public service Vocational
Engineering
Environmental Measurement Women
Ergonomics Media
Men and masculinity
Mental retardation
Military
How to group them in
broader perspectives?
Biological Perspective of Psychology
Biologicalpsychology: Focuses on the relationship
between mind and behavior
Underlying biological processes, including genetics,
biochemistry, anatomy, and physiology
Evolutionary psychology: How our physical structure
and behavior have been shaped by the need for
survival

Focuses: Neuroscience, sensation, consciousness

Cognitive Perspective of Psychology
Cognitive psychology: Focuses on the processing of
information and how we solve problems

Examples: How we remember names and dates, and

riding a bicycle

Focuses: Cognition, memory, perception, intelligence

Developmental Perspective of Psychology

Developmental psychology: Focuses on the normal

changes in behavior that occur across the life span

Example: Memory functions in people at different

ages

Focuses:Development, learning, life span, physical

development, language
Social and Personality Perspective of
Psychology
Socialpsychology: Focuses on the social
environment including social and cultural diversity
Personality psychology: Individual differences in
behavior
We construct our own realities, which influence our
thoughts, feelings, and behavior

Focuses: Social influences, personality, emotion,

multicultural environment, gender, motivation
Clinical Perspective of Psychology

Clinicalpsychology: Focuses on ways to explain,

define, and treat psychological disorders

Well-being and health

Disorders affect memory
Freud labeled this repression
Focuses: Abnormal states of mind, health, therapies
Multi-level understanding of humans:
The Biopsychosocial Model

These perspectives are

not hard and fast
divisions

They are shown to

show that
understanding of
human mind of
behaviors calls for
integration of multiple
perspectives

https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/exploring-the-relationship-between-anxiety-and-depression/content-section-2
Multi-level understanding of humans

Using multiple perspectives helps us:

 Better understand complex phenomena, e.g. attraction

 Combines understanding of cultural and social context

Integration of different perspectives leads to an overall

more accurate and meaningful description of humans,
and useful applications of psychological insights
So, what does it mean to be a
psychologist?
 Psychology has always been a popular discipline to study in
universities
 Fourth most frequent bachelor’s degree awarded in the US (6%)
 In CUHK, 5-8 prospective students compete for 1 place in Psychology

 Calling oneself
a psychologist is usually restricted to those
with a graduate degree, usually a doctorate degree
 Many people also conflate psychologists with clinical psychologists,
complicating the matter

 Takes 2 – 5 years of study beyond master’s level

 Can specialize in research, clinical practices or counseling
But what if you do not plan to specialize
or take up psychology as major?
 Studying psychology fosters critical thinking, analytical and
data management skills, and interpersonal and
communication skills
 It emphasizes sensitivity to social issues and awareness for
diversity

 Typical career paths for alumni:

Fields directly related to psychology, rehabilitation centers
People-oriented jobs such as management, customer service,
education, human resources, journalism
 How does
psychology view
humans?

General
Question?
Psychology

How do
How to apply
psychologists
psychology?
think?
 Extension topic
How to read and write about psychology
Overview
E-learning system: Blackboard
Electronic resources
 General search commands
 CUHK libraries
 PsycINFO
 Web of Science
 Google Scholar

Citationand pointers to avoid plagiarism

VeriGuide
E-learning platform: blackboard
https://blackboard.cuhk.edu.hk/ultra
Or through MyCUHK
https://portal.cuhk.edu.hk/psp/epprd/?cmd=login

Course materials
 Notes
 Assignment and form submission
 Suggested readings, etc.

Announcements (important!)
Search operations
Truncation: * or $
music* means music, musical, and musician
Phrase: ‘’
or “”
Operators
OR:group searches
AND: find intersections
NOT: eliminate a specific concept
 CUHK Library Database
 Multimedia resources
 Books
 Articles
 Even past papers!

 https://lib.cuhk.edu.hk

PsycINFO Psychology
PsycINFO

 Citations andabstracts from scholarly texts spanning

200+ years, curated by APA
 Limiters
 Narrow the focus of your search
 Expanders
 Expand your search by including words related to your
keywords or including the actual text of the full text
results in your search
Web of Science
 Choose database:
Core collection
 Basic search
 Refine results
 Sort by: Times cited
 View article: Citation network
 Treeing forward & backward
 Look up full text in Google
Scholar
 Also with Web of Science
citation count
MOST USEFUL FUNCTION:
TRACKS CITATION
Google Scholar
Google Scholar
 http://scholar.google.com
 Handy, wide coverage but may not be as comprehensive
 Can also do treeing forward / backward

Forhome-users: set up a VPN connection with CUHK

before you can use the Findit@CUHK function at home
 https://www.cuhk.edu.hk/itsc/network/vpn/vpn.html
APA style
 Most commonly-used manuscript style in the field of psychology
 General Format
 Double-spaced
 All sides: 1” margin (or 2.54cm)
 Font size: 10-12
 Font type: Times New Roman

 Citation forms
 In-text citation
 (Gweon & Saxe, 2014)
 (Ouimet et al., 2012)
 Reference page

 Citation style guide: Purdue online writing lab (OWL)

 https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/
 https://apastyle.apa.org/
 Mini-exercises Nichols, E. S., Wild, C. J.,
Stojanoski, B., Battista, M. E., &
Owen, A. M. (2020). Bilingualism
Find the two articles below using affords no general cognitive
advantages: A population study
the information provided: of executive function in 11,000
people. Psychological
Science, 31(5), 548-567.
Article #1
You can type these in Web of
Journal Name: Psychological Science Science or Google Scholar and
Year of Publishing: 2020 find the article quickly.

Keyword: bilingualism, executive function,

cognition, aging, null-hypothesis testing Dehaene, S., Pegado, F., Braga,
L. W., Ventura, P., Filho, G. N.,
Jobert, A., ... & Cohen, L. (2010).
Article #2 (more difficult) How learning to read changes
the cortical networks for vision
... Notably, in readers who first learn to read andlanguage. science, 330(6009),
as adults, activity patterns are more 1359-1364.
bilaterally distributed (Dehaene et al., 2010)
For this one, you might have to distil
the ideas into keywords, and then
search it together with the author
name and year.
About plagiarism
Suspected Sentence:
Thus, measures of biased attention might provide an
important step forward in the search for early
predictors of anxiety vulnerability and stress-related
problems.

Source Content:
Thus, measures of biased attention might provide an
important step forward in the search for early
predictors of anxiety vulnerability and stress-related
problems.

 Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2814187/
About plagiarism
Suspected Sentence:
Its goal is to overcome this avoidance pattern by
gradually exposing patients to the phobic object until it
can be tolerated.

Source Content:
The goal of Systematic Desensitization is to overcome
this avoidance pattern by gradually exposing patients to
the phobic object until it can be tolerated.

 Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_desensitization
Citation and Reference Example
An example of what you actually see in psychology articles:

According to Csikszentmihalyi, flow experience can produce

intense feeling of enjoyment and lead to positive affect and
happiness. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1988).

...

References:
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). Optimal Experience:
psychological studies of flow in consciousness, Cambridge,
CUP.
Quotation example
Brierley Newell suggested that “A condition of
privacy establishes a buffer zone, removed from the
source of stress, in which recovery may occur more
easily.” (Newell, 1995, p.98)

References:
Newell, P. B. (1995). Perspectives on privacy. Journal
of environmental psychology, 15(2), 87-104.

Check OWL for best practices:

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/avoiding_plagiarism/best_practices.html
VeriGuide
 Plagiarism detection
platform developed by
CUHK
 In addition to submitting
your assignments to
Blackboard, please also
submit it to VeriGuide and
obtain the receipt, and
upload them to the
Blackboard

 Demystifying VeriGuide
 If proper citation practices are
followed, VeriGuide will
seldom show high similarity
 But remember to remove the
reference part before
submission!
 https://academic.veriguide.org/academic/login_CUHK.jspx
Submit new assignments to a new assignment number
Please submit your assignments to PSYC-1000-C General Psychology
Do not choose PSYC-1000-C-L01 or L02
Recap of Today’s Lesson
 Introduction of the course
 Course information and assessment requirements

 What is Psychology?
 Why do we study psychology?
 What do we gain from studying psychology?

 How do we get here?

 Some milestones in history

 How can we think about psychology?

 Psychology as a science
 Psychology as a hub for multi-disciplinary cooperation

 Extension: How do we read and write about psychology

See you next time!
Questions welcome