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03+Test+1+2019S

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11 views6 pages

03+Test+1+2019S

Uploaded by

yuechen.huang0319
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHL245H5S

January 24, 2019


Test #1
Alex Koo

This test will be scanned and marked on Crowdmark. Please write in


something that will show up clearly in a black and white scan.

Fill out your information here by PRINTING in CAPITAL LETTERS.


Write your name as it appears on Quercus.

Do not write anything else on this cover page.


Total Marks: 50
1. State the definition of consistency. (2)

2. Here is an argument from the area of animal rights:

If animals are conscious, then they have rights.


Animals do not have rights.
Therefore, animals are not conscious.

What logical property (or properties) does this argument have? Briefly justify your
answer using logical terminology. (3)
3. Is an argument where one of the premises is a contradiction valid, invalid, or is its
validity unknown? Circle your answer and explain your reasoning. (4)

VALID INVALID UKNOWN

4. Consider the statement: “Joe will order cheese, and coffee or tea.” Suppose Joe
orders coffee. Which of the following 4 options could Joe also order such that the
statement above is true? Circle all that apply. (1)

(i) Only cheese (ii) Only tea

(iii) Cheese and tea (iv) Nothing else

5. Are the following symbolic sentences official, informal, or not well-formed? Circle
your answer. If it is official or informal, draw an arrow above the main-connective. If
it is not well-formed, draw an arrow (or arrows) over the mistake (or mistakes) in
the sentence.

a. P→~~Q∨R OFFICIAL INFORMAL NOT WELL-FORMED (2)

b. W∧R∧(S↔Q∨Z) OFFICIAL INFORMAL NOT WELL-FORMED (2)

c. (~(W↔(P→S))) OFFICIAL INFORMAL NOT WELL-FORMED (2)


6. Provide a shortened truth-table that demonstrates the following sentence is not a
tautology. (3)
P∨R→~(Q∧~R)

7. Provide a shortened truth-table that demonstrates the following argument is


invalid. (4)

W↔P∨~S. S→(~Q→R). ∴ W∨(R∧S).

8. a. Provide a full truth-table for the following set of sentences. (4)

{ R↔(P∨~Q), Q→R }

b. What can you tell me about this set? Briefly explain your answer (1)
For questions 9-13, symbolize the English sentence using the abbreviation scheme
provided for each question.

9. Exactly one of Tyson and Chandler like cheese. (3)


P: Tyson likes cheese. Q: Chandler likes cheese.

10. Notwithstanding the fact that not both Sam and Tim can attend the meeting, Sam
only shows up if isn’t raining out. (4)
W: Tim can attend the meeting. X: Sam can attend the meeting. Y: Sam shows up.
Z: It is raining out.

11. You can dine at Alo exactly on the condition that you make a reservation, unless you
know the chef. (4)
S: One can dine at Alo. T: One makes a reservation. W: One knows the chef at Alo.
12. If exercise and eating healthy are necessary for a long life, then at least one of Rikki,
Bill, and Dennis will live long only if a miracle occurs. (4)
P: One exercises. Q: One eats healthy. R: One has a long life. W: Rikki will live long.
X: Bill will live long. Y: Dennis will live long. Z: A miracle occurs.

13. Unless Belinda neither eats nor drinks, she will give up only on the following
condition: that she falls only when she is drunk. (4)
P: Belinda eats. Q: Belinda drinks. R: Belinda will give up. S: Belinda falls.
T: Belinda is drunk.

14. Translate the following symbolic sentence into IDIOMATIC English using the
abbreviation scheme provided. (3)

~Z→~((P∧Q)∨(P∧R)∨(R∧Q))
P: Donald will come. Q: Troy will come. R: Earnest will come. Z: There is free food.

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