Application of Derivative
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Common application of derivatives.
Application ● Finding Rate of Change of a Quantity
of Derivative ●
●
Finding the Approximation Value
Finding Maxima and Minima, and Point of Inflection
● Determining Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Increasing decreasing functions.
Properties of monotonic functions :
Approximations (1) If f(x) is continuous on [a, b] such that f' (c) 0 for
each c, then f(x) is monotonically increasing
Assume we have a function y = f(x), which is defined in function. Similar definition goes for monotonically
the interval [a, a + h], then the average rate of change in decreasing function.
the function in the given interval is (f(a + h) – f(a))/h. (2) If f(x) is strictly increasing function on [a, b] then
Now using the definition of derivative, we can write f–1(x) exists & is also strictly increasing on [a, b].
Similar result follows for strictly decreasing
functions.
(3) If f(x) & g(x) are two continuous & differentiable
which is also the instantaneous rate of change of the functions, then we can relate fog (x) & gof (x) by the
function f(x) at a. Now, for a very small value of h, we following table
can write f′(a) ≈ (f (a + h) − f (a )) / h + denotes increasing function
– denotes decreasing function
Application First Derivative Test Of Local Maxima & Minima
of Derivative Test:
Step 1 : Find the critical points of the function by putting
f'(x) = 0
Step 2 : For each of the critical points obtained in step 1 do
the following :
Maxima & Minima Case 1 : x = a is local maxima
If f'(x) changes from + to - as x passes through a
Point P, R T are points of local maxima
Point Q, S are point of local minima
Case 2 : x = a is local minima
Global maxima, global minima
if the sign of f'(x) changes from - to + as x passes through a
Maximum = max {f(a), f(c1), f(c2)....f(cn), f(b)}
Minimum = min {f(a), f(c1), f(c2)....f(cn), f(b)} c1 c2 .... cn are n
critical points.
Point of inflection Case 3 : There is no sign change across a this means that x =
a is neither a
point of maxima nor minima.
A point of inflection is point where the
curve changes its shape from
Extrema of discontinuous
Application Functions
of Derivative 1. Minimum of discontinuous Functions :
For Minimum at x = a
f(a) ≤ f(a + h)
Higher Order Test f(a) ≤ f(a – h)
2. Maximum of discontinuous Functions:
Let f be a differentiable function on interval I & let For maximum at x = a
c be any point f(a) ≥ f(a + h)
in the domain of f such that f(a) ≥ f(a - b)
(1) f′(c) = f′′(c) = f′′′(c)... fn-1 (c) = 0 and 3. Neither Maximum nor minimum exists:
(2) fn (c) ≠ 0 and exists.
then if n is even
Leibnitz-rule
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