Received: 20 April 2020 Revised: 14 September 2020 Accepted: 29 January 2021

DOI: 10.1002/asjc.2549

R E G U L A R PA P E R

Results on controllability of Hilfer fractional differential

equations with infinite delay via measures of
noncompactness
K. Kavitha1 V. Vijayakumar 1 R. Udhayakumar1 C. Ravichandran2

1
Department of Mathematics, School of
Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Abstract
Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu,
This manuscript mainly focuses on the controllability of Hilfer fractional differ-
India
2
ential system with infinite delay. We study our primary outcomes by employing
Post Graduate and Research Department
of Mathematics, Kongunadu Arts and fractional calculus, measures of noncompactness, and fixed-point approach.
Science College (Autonomous), Then, we extend our results to the concept of nonlocal conditions. Lastly, an
Coimbatore, 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India
example is given for illustration of theory.
Correspondence
V. Vijayakumar, Department of K E Y WO R D S
Mathematics, School of Advanced controllability, Hilfer fractional evolution system, measures of noncompactness, neutral system,
Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, nonlocal conditions
Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India.
Email: [email protected] M S C C L A S S I F I C AT I O N
34K30; 34K40; 47H08; 47H10

1 I N T RO DU CT ION tem suitable by using control actual in the system. Dis-

cussion about theory and applications related to control-
Models with real systems of fractional power should be lability, the readers verify the previous research articles
good enough which could be compared with the model of [10,11,14,15,19,22-26]. Nevertheless, up to our knowledge,
classical integer order because the derivative of the model the study of controllability discussed in this article has not
sum in the real system could be in an exact manner when it been studied, and this gives the motivation for our study.
comes to fractional order. This system could be applicable Consider the Hilfer fractional differential equations along
to abundant models in wave propagation, signal process- control has the form
ing, robotics, and so forth. It defines more about the theory
D𝛾,𝛿
0+
𝑦(t) = A𝑦(t) + g(t, 𝑦t ) + Bu(t), t ∈ J = (0, d], (1.1)
and details of applications; also, the readers can review
the books [1-8] and the research articles related to the I0(1−𝛾)(1−𝛿) 𝑦(t) = ℏ(t) ∈ h , (1.2)
+
theory of fractional differential systems [9-16]. Hilfer [17]
introduced another type of fractional derivative involv- where D𝛾,𝛿
0+
denotes the Hilfer fractional derivative of order
ing Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivative. 𝛾 and type 𝛿. Also, 0 ≤ 𝛾 ≤ 1; 12 < 𝛿 < 1, and
Inspired by this work, recently, many researchers show y(·) takes the value in Banach Space Y with || · ||; A is
great interest based on this topic, and the readers can refer the infinitesimal generator of analytic semigroup {T(t)}t ≥ 0
to previous studies [18-22]. on Y. Histories yt : (− ∞, 0] → Y, yt (𝜄) = y(t + 𝜄), 𝜄 ≤ 0 are
As well known, mathematical control theory has many associated with phase space h . The function g ∶ J ×
fundamental perceptions; particularly, controllability is h → Y is an appropriate function. Here, u(·) is pro-
one of them. Roughly speaking, controllability has the vided in L2 (J, U), a Banach space of admissible control
meaning that we may govern the state of a vigorous sys- functions.

© 2021 Chinese Automatic Control Society and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Asian J Control. 2021;1–10. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/asjc 1

2 KAVITHA ET AL.

We now subdivide our article into the following sections. Remark 2.5.
In Section 2, we introduce a few important facts and defi-
(i) If 𝛾 = 0, 0 < 𝛿 < 1 and d = 0, then the Hilfer
nitions associated with our study that is employed, which
fractional derivative is similar to classical
utilizes throughout the discussion of this article. Section 3
Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative:
is reserved for discussion about the controllability of Hilfer
d 1−𝛿
fractional differential system. Section 4 is allotted for the D0,𝛿
0+
g(t) = I + g(t) = (R−L) D𝛿 0+ g(t).
discussion of our system with nonlocal conditions. Lastly, dt 0
in Section 5, an example is given for the illustration of (ii) If 𝛾 = 1, 0 < 𝛿 < 1 and d = 0, then the Hilfer
theory. fractional derivative is similar to classical Caputo
derivative:
d
2 PRELIMINARIES D1,𝛿
0+
g(t) = I01−𝛿
+ g(t) = C D𝛿0+ g(t).
dt
We provide some important facts, concepts, and lemmas Now, we define abstract phase space h and verify Yan
chosen to achieve the main result. C(J, Y) represents spaces [25] for more details. Consider h : (− ∞, 0] → (0, + ∞) is
0
of all continuous functions from J → Y. Suppose that 𝛽 = continuous along 𝑗 = ∫−∞ h(𝛼)d𝛼 < +∞. For each k > 0,
𝛾 + 𝛿 − 𝛾𝛿, we obtain (1 − 𝛽) = (1 − 𝛾)(1 − 𝛿). Now,  ={𝜔 ∶ [−k, 0] → Y such that𝜔(𝛼)
define C1−𝛽 ( J, Y ) = {𝑦 ∶ t1−𝛽 z(t) ∈ C( J, Y )}, along || · ||𝛽
is bounded and measurable},
defined by ||𝑦||𝛽 = sup{t1−𝛽 ||𝑦(t)||, t ∈ J, 𝛽 = (𝛾 + 𝛿 − 𝛾𝛿)}.
Clearly, C1 − 𝛽 (J, Y) is a Banach space. We introduce g with along
norm, ||g||L𝜌 ( J,R+ ) whenever g ∈ L𝜌 ( J, R+ ) for some 𝜌 with
||𝜔||[−k,0] = sup ||𝜔(𝜁 )||, for all 𝜔 ∈ .
1 ≤ 𝜌 ≤ ∞. 𝜁 ∈[−k,0]
We now introduce important results related to fractional
calculus (see Hilfer [17]). Now, we define

Definition 2.1. The left-sided Riemann-Liouville h ={𝜔 ∶ (−∞, 0] → Y such that for any
0
fractional integral of order 𝛿 having lower limit d for
k > 0, 𝜔|[−k,0] ∈  and h(𝜁)||𝜔||[𝜁 ,0] d𝜁 < +∞}.
g ∶ [d, +∞) → R is given by ∫−∞

1
t
g(𝜄) Provided that h is endowed along
Id𝛿+ g(t) = d𝜄, t > d; 𝛿 > 0,
Γ(𝛿) ∫d (t − 𝜄)1−𝛿 0
||𝜔||h = h(𝜁)||𝜔||[𝜁 ,0] d𝜁, for all 𝜔 ∈ h ,
if the right side is pointwise defined on [d, + ∞), where ∫−∞
Γ(·) denotes the gamma function. therefore, (h , || · ||h ) is a Banach space.
Now, we discuss
Definition 2.2. The left-sided Riemann-Liouville
fractional derivative of order 𝛿 ∈ [i − 1, i), i ∈ Z+ for ′h = {𝑦 ∶ (−∞, d] → Y such that𝑦|J ∈ ( J, Y ),
g ∶ [d, +∞) → R is given by 𝑦0 = 𝜔 ∈ h , i = 0, 1, … , m} ,

1 di
t
g(𝜄) where yi is limitation of y to J = (𝛼i , 𝛼i+1 ], i = 0, 1, … , m.
(R−L)
D𝛿d+ g(t) = d𝜄,
Γ(i − 𝛿) dti ∫d (t − 𝜄)𝛿+1−i Fix || · ||d be a seminorm in ′h defined by
t > d, i − 1 < 𝛿 < i. ||𝑦||d = ||ℏ||h + sup{||𝑦(𝜉)|| ∶ 𝜉 ∈ [0, d]}, 𝑦 ∈ ′h .

Definition 2.3. The left-sided Hilfer fractional deriva- Lemma 2.6. [25] Assuming 𝑦 ∈ ′h , then for 𝛼 ∈
tive of order 0 ≤ 𝛾 ≤ 1 and 0 < 𝛿 < 1 function of g(t) is J, 𝑦𝛼 ∈ h . Moreover,
given by
𝑗|𝑦(𝛼)| ≤ ||𝑦𝛼 ||h ≤ ||ℏ||h + 𝑗 sup |𝑦(𝜁)|,
𝜁 ∈[0,𝛼]
D𝛾,𝛿
d+
g(t) = (Id𝛾(1−𝛿)
+ D(Id(1−𝛾)(1−𝛿)
+ g))(t).
0
where 𝑗 = ∫−∞ h(𝛼)d𝛼 < +∞.
Definition 2.4. The left-sided Caputo's derivative
type of order 𝛿 ∈ (i − 1, i), i ∈ Z+ for g ∶ [d, +∞) → R Lemma 2.7. A continuous function y : (− ∞, d] → Y is
is given by said to be an integral solution of fractional differential
t system (1.1)-(1.2) if
1 g(i) (𝜄)
C
D𝜇d+ g(t) = d𝜄,
Γ(i − 𝛿) ∫d (t − 𝜄)𝛿+1−i (i) y : [0, d] → Y is continuous.
t > d, i − 1 < 𝛿 < i. (ii) I0𝛿+ 𝑦(t) ∈ D(A) for t ∈ [0, d], and
KAVITHA ET AL. 3

(iii) the system (1.1)–(1.2) is similar with

1∑
∞
ℏ0 Γ(n𝛿 + 1)
𝑦(t) = t(𝛾−1)(1−𝛿) ̄ 𝛿 (𝜔) =
w (−1)n−1 𝜔−n𝛿−1 sin(n𝜋𝛿).
Γ(𝛾(1 − 𝛿) + 𝛿) 𝜋 n=1 n!
t
+
1
(t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 g(𝜏, 𝑦𝜏 )d𝜏 Here, 𝜉 𝛿 is a (p.d.f) probability density defined on
Γ(𝛿) ∫0 (0, ∞), that is,
t
1
(t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Bu(𝜏)d𝜏, t ∈ J.
∞
+
Γ(𝛿) ∫0 𝜉𝛿 (𝜔) ≥ 0, 𝜔 ∈ (0, ∞) and 𝜉𝛿 (𝜔)d𝜔 = 1.
∫0
Remark 2.8. By introducing the Wright function M(𝜔),
Remark 2.11. (Zhou & Jiao [16]) Clearly for 𝜈 ∈ [0, 1],
we introduce the mild solution of fractional differential
system (1.1)–(1.2) as follows:
∞ ∞
Γ(1 + 𝜈)
𝜔𝜈 𝜉𝛿 (𝜔)d𝜔 = ̄ 𝛿 (𝜔)d𝜔 =
𝜔−𝛿𝜈 w .
∫0 ∫0 Γ(1 + 𝛿𝜈)
∑∞
(−𝜔)i−1
M(𝜔) = ,
i=1
(i − 1)!Γ(1 − i𝛿) Lemma 2.12. (Zhou & Jiao [16]). S𝛾, 𝛿 and Q𝛿 satisfy
the following:
0 < 𝛿 < 1, 𝜔 ∈ C
and satisfies the following: (i) Any fixed t ≥ 0, S𝛾, 𝛿 and Q𝛿 are linear and bounded,
that is, for any y ∈ Y,
∞
Γ(1 + 𝜏)
𝜔𝜏 M(𝜔)d𝜔 = , for 𝜔 ≥ 0. Mt𝛽−1
∫0 Γ(1 + 𝛿𝜏) ||S𝛾,𝛿 (t)𝑦|| ≤ ||𝑦||
Γ(𝛾(1 − 𝛿) + 𝛿)
Lemma 2.9. If the fractional differential system (1.1) M
and ||Q𝛿 (t)𝑦|| ≤ ||𝑦||,
and (1.2) is satisfied, then there exists g ∶ J × h → Y ; Γ(𝛿)
we get
where S𝛾,𝛿 (t) = I0𝛾(1−𝛿)
+ P𝛿 (t), P𝛿 (t) = t𝛿 − 1 Q𝛿 (t).
t
(ii) {S𝛾, 𝛿 (t)}t ≥ 0 and {Q𝛿 (t)}t≥0 are strongly continuous.
𝑦(t) = S𝛾,𝛿 (t)ℏ0 + P𝛿 (t)g (𝜏, 𝑦𝜏 ) d𝜏
∫0
t Lemma 2.13. The fractional differential sys-
+ P𝛿 (t)Bu(𝜏)d𝜏 t ∈ J, tem (1.1)–(1.2) is said to be controllable on J for every
∫0
continuous initial functions ℏ ∈ h , 𝑦1 ∈ Y ; there exists
where u ∈ L2 (J, U) such that the mild solution y(t) of (1.1)
∞
with (1.2) satisfies y(d) = y1 .
Q𝛿 (t) = 𝛿𝜔M(𝜔)S(t𝛿 𝜔)d𝜔;
∫0
P𝛿 (t) = t𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t); S𝛾,𝛿 (t) = I0𝛾(1−𝛿)
+ (t)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t). Lemma 2.14. {Q𝛿 (t)}t > 0 and {S𝛾, 𝛿 (t)}t > 0 are strongly
continuous, that is, for any y ∈ Y, 0 < t′ < t′′ ≤ d,
Definition 2.10. (Zhou & Jiao [16]) A continuous
||(t′ )𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t′ )𝑦−(t′′ )𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t′′ )𝑦|| → 0 and
function y : (− ∞, d] → Y is said to be a mild solution of
fractional differential system (1.1)–(1.2) if 𝑦0 = ℏ(0) ∈ ||S𝛾,𝛿 (t′ )𝑦 − S𝛾,𝛿 (t′′ )𝑦|| → 0 as t′′ → t′ .
h on (− ∞, 0] and satisfies the integral equation Recall the definition of measures of noncompactness
t (MNC).
𝑦(t) = S𝛾,𝛿 (t)ℏ(0) + (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)g (𝜏, 𝑦𝜏 ) d𝜏
∫0 Definition 2.15. (Ji et al. [26]). Assume E+ the posi-
t tive cone of an order Banach space (E, ≤). The value of
+ (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)Bu(𝜏)d𝜏, t ∈ J, E+ is said to be MNC on Y of e defined on the set of all
∫0
(2.1) bounded subsets of Y if and only if e(co𝜓) = e(𝜓) for all
where the characteristic solution operators are given bounded subsets 𝜓 ⊆ Y, where co𝜓 is a closed convex
by hull of 𝜓.
∞ The MNC ℏ is said to be the following:
S𝛾,𝛿 (t) = 𝜉𝛿 (𝜔)M(t𝛿 𝜔)d𝜔,
∫0
∞
(1) Monotone if and only if for all bounded subsets 𝜓,
Q𝛿 = 𝛿 𝜔𝜉𝛿 (𝜔)M(t 𝜔)d𝜔, 𝛿 𝜓 1 , 𝜓 2 of Y we have (𝜓 1 ⊆ 𝜓 2 ) ⇒ (e(𝜓 1 ) ≤ e(𝜓 2 )).
∫0 (2) Nonsingular if and only if e({a} ∪ 𝜓) = e(𝜓) for
and for 𝜔 ∈ (0, ∞), every a ∈ Y, 𝜓 ⊂ Y.
( 1) (3) Regular if and only if e(𝜓) = 0 if and only if 𝜓 is
1 −1− 𝛿1
𝜉𝛿 (𝜔) = 𝜔 ̄ 𝛿 𝜔− 𝛿 ≥ 0,
w relatively compact in Y.
𝛿
4 KAVITHA ET AL.

The MNC of Hausdorff ℛ defined on each bounded ||g(t, ℏ)|| ≤ m1 (t)Ω(t1−𝛽 ||ℏ||h ), for all (t, ℏ) ∈
subset 𝜓 of Y by ℛ(𝜓) = inf{𝜖 > 0 ∶ 𝜓 can be covered J × h where Ω satisfies lim inf n→∞ Ω(n) = 0.
n
by a finite number of balls of radii smaller than 𝜖}. 1
(iii) There exists q2 ∈ (0, 𝛿) and m2 ∈ L q2 ( J, R+ ) such
See other properties of MNC (refer to Banas &
that for any bounded subset G1 ⊂ h ,
Goebel [27] and Kamenskii et al. [28]): for all bounded [ ]
subsets 𝜓, 𝜓 1 , 𝜓 2 of Y, ℛ(g(t, G1 )) ≤m2 (t) sup ℛ(G1 (𝜑))
−∞<𝜑≤0
(4) ℛ(𝜓1 + 𝜓2 ) ≤ ℛ(𝜓1 ) + ℛ(𝜓2 ), where 𝜓1 + 𝜓2 =
for a.e.t ∈ J,
{x1 + x2 ∶ x1 ∈ 𝜓1 , x2 ∈ 𝜓2 };
(5) ℛ(𝜓1 ∪ 𝜓2 ) ≤ max{ℛ(𝜓1 ), ℛ(𝜓2 )}; where G1 (𝜑) = {v(𝜑) ∶ v ∈ E1 } and ℛ is the
(6) ℛ(𝜆𝜓) ≤ |𝜆|ℛ(𝜓) for any 𝜆 ∈ R; Hausdorff MNC.
(7) if Q : E(Q) ⊆ Y → X is Lipschitz continuous with
(H 2 ) The operator W : L2 (J, U) → Y which is bounded and
k > 0, then ℛX (Q𝜓) ≤ kℛ(𝜓) for any bounded
defined by
subset 𝜓 ⊆ E(Q), where X is a Banach space.
d
Wu = (d − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)Bu(𝜏)d𝜏,
Lemma 2.16. (Banas & Goebel [27]). If ℋ ⊂ C( J, Y ) ∫0
is bounded and equicontinous, then t → ℛ(ℋ (t)) is satisfies:
continuous for any t ∈ J,
(i) The bounded linear operator W having an
ℛ(ℋ ) = sup{ℛ(ℋ (t)), t ∈ J},
t∈J inverse W−1 takes value in L2 (J, U)/KerW, there
where ℋ (t) = {𝑦(t) ∶ 𝑦 ∈ ℋ } ⊆ Y . exist Mb > 0, Mw > 0, such that ||B||≤Mb and
||W−1 ||≤Mw .
Theorem 2.17. (See[15,29]). {un }∞ (ii) For q3 ∈ (0, 𝛿) and for every bounded subset
n=1 is a sequence of 1
Bochner integrable functions from J → Y with the esti- E ∈ Y, there exists m3 ∈ L q3 ( J, R+ ) such
mation ||un (t) ||≤𝜀(t) for almost all t ∈ J and every n ≥ 1, that ℛ((W −1 E)(t)) ≤ m3 (t)ℛ(E). Here, mi ∈
1
where 𝜀 ∈ L1 (J, R), then 𝜓(t)({= ℛ({un (t) ∶ n ≥}) 1}) ∈ L qi ( J, R+ ), qi ∈ (0, 𝛿), i = 1, 2, 3.
t
L1 (N, R) and satisfies ℛ ∫0 un (𝜏)d𝜏 ∶ n ≥ 1 ≤
t
For our convenience, we introduce
2 ∫0 𝜓(𝜏)d𝜏.
M1 =k1 ||m1 || 1 ( J,R+ ) , M2 = k2 ||m2 || 1 ( J,R+ ) ,
L q1 L q2
Lemma 2.18. ([30]). Suppose E be closed convex subset M3 = k3 ||m3 || q1 ( J,R+ ) ,
of Y and t ∈ E. Suppose G : E → Y is continuous which [(
L 3
) ( 𝛿−q ) ]1−qi
satisfies Mönch's condition, i.e., (P ⊆ E is countable, P ⊆ 1 − qi i
𝛿−1
ki = d 1−qi , i = 1, 2, 3, K = ,
co({0}∪G(P)) ⇒ P̄ is compact). Then G has a fixed point 𝛿 − qi 1−q
in E. d(1+K)(1−q)
M∗ = , q, qi ∈ (0, 𝛿).
(1 + K)(1−q)
Theorem 3.1. If the hypotheses (H0 )–(H2 ) are satisfied,
3 CO NTRO LLABILITY then the system (1.1)–(1.2) is controllable on [0, d] if
[ ]
Our focus here is the discussion about controllability of the 2MM2 d1−𝛽 2MMb M3 1
C∗ 1+ < 1 for some < 𝛿 < 1.
fractional differential system (1.1)-(1.2). To reach our aim, Γ(𝛿) Γ(𝛿) 2
(3.1)
we will introduce the required assumptions as follows:
(H0 ) For all bounded subsets E ⊂ Y and y ∈ E, Proof. By using (H2 ), we define the control uy (t) by
[
||T(t2𝛿 𝜏)𝑦 − T(t1𝛿 𝜏)𝑦|| → 0, as t2 → t1 u𝑦 (t) =W −1 𝑦1 − S𝛾,𝛿 ℏ(0)−
]
for each fixed 𝜏 ∈ (0, ∞). d
(d − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (d − 𝜏)g (𝜏, 𝑦𝜏 ) d𝜏 (t).
(H1 ) The function g ∶ [0, d] × h → Y satisfies the ∫0
following:
Let 𝜓 ∶ ′h → ′h defined by
(i) The function g(·, ℏ) is measurable for all ℏ ∈ h
and g(t, ·) is continuous for a.e. t ∈ J and for 𝑦 ∈ ⎧ ℏ(t), t ∈ (−∞, 0],
⎪ t
h , g(· , ·) : [0, T] → Y is strongly measurable. 𝜓𝑦(t) = ⎨ S𝛾,𝛿 (t)ℏ(0) + ∫0 (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)g (𝜏, 𝑦𝜏 ) d𝜏
(ii) There exists q1 ∈ (0, 𝛿), 𝛿 ∈ (0, 1) and m1 ∈ ⎪ + ∫ (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)Bu𝑦 (𝜏)d𝜏, t ∈ J.
t
1 ⎩ 0
L q1 ( J, R+ ) and 𝜓 ∶ R+ → R+ such that (3.2)
KAVITHA ET AL. 5

For ℏ ∈ h , we define ℏ̂ by Further, we get the following result by using (H1 ) and
{ (H2 ), Lemma 2.12, and Hölder's inequality,
̂ℏ(t) = ℏ(t), t ∈ (−∞, 0],
S (t)ℏ(0), t ∈ J, 𝛾,𝛿 ̃ q )(t)||
q < sup t1−𝛽 ||(Ωw
t∈J

then ℏ̂ ∈ ′h . ̂
Let 𝑦(t) = t1−𝛽 [w(t) + ℏ(t)], −∞ < t ≤ d. ‖ t ‖
‖ ‖
(t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)g(𝜏, 𝜏 1−𝛽 [w𝜏 + ℏ̂ 𝜏 ])d𝜏 ‖
q
≤ d1−𝛽 ‖
It can be easily shown that y satisfies from (2.1), if and ‖∫0 ‖
‖ ‖
only if w satisfies w0 = 0 and ‖ t ‖
‖ ‖
+ d1−𝛽 ‖ (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)Buwq (𝜏)d𝜏 ‖
‖∫ 0 ‖
t
‖ ‖
w(t) = (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)g(𝜏, 𝜏 1−𝛽 [w𝜏 + ℏ̂ 𝜏 ])d𝜏
∫0 Md1−𝛽 ‖ ‖
t
‖ ‖
(t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 g(𝜏, 𝜏 1−𝛽 [w𝜏 + ℏ̂ 𝜏 ])d𝜏 ‖
q
≤ ‖
t Γ(𝛿) ‖ ‖
∫0 ‖
‖
+ (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)Buw (𝜏)d𝜏,
∫0 1−𝛽 ‖ t ‖
Md ‖ ‖
+ ‖ (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Buwq (𝜏)d𝜏 ‖
where Γ(𝛿) ‖ ‖
∫0 ‖
‖
t
[ Md 1−𝛽
uw (t) =W −1 𝑦1 − S𝛾,𝛿 (d)ℏ(0) ≤ (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1
Γ(𝛿) ∫0
d t
(d − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (d − 𝜏)g Md1−𝛽
−
∫0 m1 Ω(q′ )d𝜏 + (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 ||BW −1
] Γ(𝛿) ∫0
[
(𝜏, 𝜏 1−𝛽 [w𝜏 + ℏ̂ 𝜏 ])d𝜏 (t). d
(×) 𝑦(d) − S𝛾,𝛿 (d)ℏ(0) − (d − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (d − 𝜏)g
∫0
Let ′′h = {w ∈ ′h ∶ w0 = 0 ∈ h }. For any w ∈ ′′h ,
( 1−𝛽 q ) ]
𝜏, 𝜏 [w𝜏 + ℏ̂ 𝜏 ] d𝜏|| (𝜏)d𝜏
||w||d = ||w0 ||h + sup{||w(𝜏)|| ∶ 0 ≤ 𝜏 ≤ d} t
Md1−𝛽 MMb Mw d1−𝛽
= sup{||w(𝜏)|| ∶ 0 ≤ 𝜏 ≤ d}. ≤ (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 m1 Ω(q′ )d𝜏 +
Γ(𝛿) ∫0 Γ(𝛿)
t [ 𝛽−1
Hence, (′′h , || · ||d ) is a Banach space. Now, q > 0, Md
(t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 ||𝑦1 || + ||ℏ(0)||
choose Gq = {w ∈ ′′h ∶ ||w||d ≤ q}, then Gq ⊆ ∫0 Γ(𝛾(1 − 𝛿) + 𝛿)
]
′′h is uniformly bounded, and for w ∈ Gq , in view of M
d
+ (d − 𝜏)𝛿−1 m1 Ω(q′ )d𝜏 d𝜏
Lemma 2.6, Γ(𝛿) ∫0

||wt + ℏ̂ t ||h ≤ ||wt ||h + ||ℏ̂ t ||h MM1 d1−𝛽 MMb Mw ∗ [ 1−𝛽 1
( ) ≤ Ω(q′ ) + M d ||𝑦 ||
Γ(𝛿) Γ(𝛿)
M|ℏ| ]
≤𝑗 q+ + ||ℏ||h = q′ . M MM1 d1−𝛽
Γ(𝛾(1 − 𝛿) + 𝛿) + ||ℏ(0)|| + Ω(q′ ) , t ∈ J.
(3.3) Γ(𝛾(1 − 𝛿) + 𝛿) Γ(𝛿)
Let us introduce an operator Ω ̃ ∶ ′′ → ′′ , defined (3.5)
h h
by Divide (3.5) by q, and letting q → ∞, we have
( )
⎧ 0, t ∈ (−∞, 0], MM1 d1−𝛽 MMb Mw ∗
1≤ ′
Ω(q ) 1 + M , t ∈ J, (3.6)
⎪ t Γ(𝛿) Γ(𝛿)
Ωw(t) = ⎨ ∫0 (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)g(𝜏, 𝜏 1−𝛽 [w𝜏 + ℏ̂ 𝜏 ])d𝜏
̃
⎪ + ∫ t (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)Buw (𝜏)d𝜏, t ∈ J.
⎩ 0 and then by (H1 )(ii), (3.6) is a contradiction. Hence,
(3.4) ̃ q ) ⊆ Gq .
Ω(G
Step 2: Ω ̃ is continuous on Gq . For any wn , w ∈
Gq ( J), n = 0, 1, 2, … , with limn→∞ wn = w, then we have
Next, to prove Ω̃ has a fixed point, our proof contains the
limn→∞ wn (t) = w(t) and
subsequent four steps.
Step 1: To prove there exists a constant q > 0 such that lim t1−𝛽 wn (t) = t1−𝛽 w(t).
̃ ̃ q) ∉
Ω(Gq ) ⊆ Gq . If not, then there exists wq ∈ Gq . But Ω(w n→∞
̃
Gq that is ||(Ωw )(t)|| > q for all t ∈ J.
q
̂
Let 𝑦(t) = t1−𝛽 [w(t) + ℏ(t)] ̂ ⊂ Gq with
and then {wn + ℏ}
Choose q > 0, and let {Gq = y ∈ C: ||y||𝛽 ≤ q}. Obviously,
̂ ̂
w + ℏ → w + ℏ in Gq as n → ∞. Then, we have
n
Gq is a closed, bounded, and convex set of C.
Therefore, ̂
g(t, 𝑦n (t)) =g(t, t1−𝛽 [wn (t) + ℏ(t)]) →
||Ω(𝑦 ̃ q )(t)||, t ∈ J ∶ ||Ω(𝑦
̃ q )||𝛽 ≡ sup{t1−𝛽 ||Ω(𝑦 ̃ q )(t)|| > q}. ̂
g(t, t1−𝛽 [w(t) + ℏ(t)]) = g(t, 𝑦(t), as n → ∞,
6 KAVITHA ET AL.

where ̃ q ) is equicontin-
Let 0 < 𝜖 < t and 0 < t1 < t2 < d. Then, Ω(G
g(𝜏, 𝜏 1−𝛽
+ ℏ̂ 𝜏 ]) = Gn (𝜏)
[w(n)
𝜏
uous on J.
and g(𝜏, 𝜏 [w𝜏 + ℏ̂ 𝜏 ]) = G(𝜏).
1−𝛽
t
‖ 2
||𝜓(t2 ) − 𝜓(t1 )|| = ‖t21−𝛽 (t2 − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿
Then, by using the hypotheses (H1 ) and Lebesgue's domi- ‖ ∫0
t1
nated convergence theorem, we have
(t2 − 𝜏)[G(𝜏) + Buw (𝜏)]d𝜏 − t11−𝛽
t
∫0
𝛿−1
(t − 𝜏) ||Gn (𝜏) − G(𝜏)||d𝜏 → 0 as n → ∞, t ∈ J. 𝛿−1
(t1 − 𝜏) Q𝛿 (t1 − 𝜏) [G(𝜏) + Buw (𝜏)]d𝜏‖
∫0
(3.7) ‖ t2
‖
≤t21−𝛽 ‖ (t2 − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t2 − 𝜏)[G(𝜏) + Buw (𝜏)]d𝜏‖
Now, by (H1 ), ‖∫t
‖ 1
̃  ≤ d1−𝛽
̃ n − Ωw|| ‖ t1
||Ωw ‖
) +‖ t1−𝛽 (t2 − 𝜏)𝛿−1 [Q𝛿 (t2 − 𝜏) − Q𝛿
‖ t ‖∫t −𝜖 2
‖ 𝛿−1
‖ 1
‖ (t − 𝜏) Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏) ‖ t1
‖∫ 0 ‖
‖ (t1 − 𝜏)][G(𝜏) + Buw (𝜏)]d𝜏‖ + ‖ [t1−𝛽
[ ) ‖∫t −𝜖 2
g(𝜏, 𝜏 1−𝛽 [wn𝜏 + ℏ̂ 𝜏 ]) ‖ 1
( ] (t2 − 𝜏)𝛿−1 − t11−𝛽 (t1 − 𝜏)𝛿−1 ]Q𝛿 (t1 − 𝜏)
−g(𝜏, 𝜏 1−𝛽 [w𝜏 + ℏ̂ 𝜏 ]) d𝜏
‖ t1 −𝜖
( ‖
t ‖
+d1−𝛽 ||B||‖ (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 [G(𝜏) + Buw (𝜏)]d𝜏‖ + ‖ t21−𝛽
‖ ∫0 ‖∫0
‖
(t − 𝜏)B [uwn (𝜏) − uw (𝜏)] d𝜏 ‖ ) (t2 − 𝜏)𝛿−1 [Q𝛿 (t2 − 𝜏) − Q𝛿 (t1 − 𝜏)]
( ‖ t1 −𝜖
Md1−𝛽 ‖‖ ‖
≤ [G(𝜏) + Buw (𝜏)]d𝜏‖ + ‖ [t21−𝛽
Γ(𝛿) ‖‖ ‖∫0
‖
t [ ) (t2 − 𝜏)𝛿−1 − t11−𝛽 (t1 − 𝜏)𝛿−1 ]
(t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 g(𝜏, 𝜏 1−𝛽 [wn𝜏 + ℏ̂ 𝜏 ])
∫0
( ] Q𝛿 (t1 − 𝜏) [G(𝜏) + Buw (𝜏)]d𝜏‖ .
−g(𝜏, 𝜏 1−𝛽 [w𝜏 + ℏ̂ 𝜏 ]) d𝜏
)
MMb d1−𝛽 ‖ ‖
t Utilizing the absolute continuity of the Lebesgue inte-
+ ‖ (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 gral dominance convergence theorem and for 𝜖 sufficiently
Γ(𝛿) ‖ ∫
‖ 0
small, then ||𝜓(t2 ) − 𝜓(t1 )|| becomes zero as t2 − t1 → 0.
([uwn (𝜏) − uw (𝜏)] d𝜏‖ ̃ q ) is equicontinuous on J.
Hence, Ω(G
t
Md1−𝛽 Step 4: To prove Mönch's condition.
≤ (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1
Γ(𝛿) ∫0 ̂
Let w0 (t) + ℏ(t) = t1−𝛽 S𝛾,𝛿 (t)ℏ̂ 0 , for all t ∈ J and wm+1 +
M 2 Mb Mw d1−𝛽 ̂
ℏ(t) = Ω[w̃ m ̂
+ ℏ(t)], m = 0, 1, 2, 3, · · · and Ω ̃ is relatively
[Gn (𝜏) − G(𝜏)] d𝜏 +
Γ(𝛿)2 compact.
t Assume ℋ ⊆ Gq is countable and ℋ ⊆ conv({0} ∪
(t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 ̃ )). Our aim here is to show that ℛ(ℋ ) = 0, where ℛ
∫0 Ω(ℋ
( ) is the Hausdorff MNC. Suppose ℋ = {wm + ℏ} ̂ ∞ . Now,
d m=1
(×) (d − 𝜏) 𝛿−1 we want to prove that Ω(ℋ ̃ )(t) is relatively compact in Y,
∫0
for all t ∈ J. In view of Theorem 2.17,
[Gn (𝜏) − G(𝜏)] d𝜏) d𝜏.
(3.8) ℛ(ℋ (t)) = ℛ({(wm + ℏ)(t)}∞
m=0 )
Observing (3.7) to (3.8), we have = ℛ({(w0 + ℏ)(t)} ∪ {(wm + ℏ)(t)}∞
m=1 )

̃ n − Ωw||
||Ωw ̃  → 0 as n → ∞, = ℛ({wm (t) + ℏ(t)}∞
m=1 ),

Therefore, Ω ̃ is continuous on Gq . and

̃ ̃ q)
Step 3: Ω(Gq ) is equicontinuous on J. For all 𝜓 ∈ Ω(G ( )
such that ||𝜓(t2 ) − 𝜓(t1 ) ||→0 as t2 → t1 . ̃ m (t)}∞
ℛ {Ωw m=1
({ t
(t − 𝜏)𝛿−1
t
=ℛ t1−𝛽
𝜓(t) =S𝛾,𝛿 (t)ℏ0 + (t − 𝜏)𝜇−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)G(𝜏)d𝜏 ∫0
∫0 }∞ )
t Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)[Gm (𝜏) + Bu𝑦m (𝜏)]d𝜏 m=1
+ (t − 𝜏)𝜇−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)Buw (𝜏)d𝜏.
∫0 = I1 + I2 ,
KAVITHA ET AL. 7

where 4 NONLOCAL CONDITIONS

2Md1−𝛽
t ( )
I1 = (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 ℛ {Gm (𝜏)}∞
m=1 d𝜏
“Nonlocal conditions” concept has been presented by
Γ(𝛿 ∫0 Byszewski for the extension of problems based on classi-
t
2Md1−𝛽 cal conditions. When comparing the nonlocal initial con-
≤ (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1
Γ(𝛿) ∫0 ditions with classical initial conditions, nonlocal initial
({ }∞ )
̂ conditions are more accurate to depict the nature mar-
ℛ g(𝜏, 𝜏 1−𝛽 [wm
𝜏 + ℏ𝜏 ]) m=1 d𝜏
vels, since more information is considered, along these
t
2Md1−𝛽 lines, lessening the negative impacts initiated by a poten-
≤ (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 m2 (𝜏) sup
Γ(𝛿) ∫0 −∞<𝜃≤0 tial incorrect single estimation taken toward the beginning
({ } )
̂ + 𝜃)]) ∞ time. Very useful discussion about differential systems
ℛ g(𝜏 1−𝛽 [wm (𝜏 + 𝜃) + ℏ(𝜏 m=1
d𝜏
including nonlocal conditions, the readers can refer to
t
2Md1−𝛽 previous studies [13,19-21,26,33,34].
≤ (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 m2 (𝜏) sup
Γ(𝛿) ∫0 0≤𝜑≤𝜏 We now consider the nonlocal Hilfer fractional differen-
2MMb d1−𝛽 tial inclusions along control are as follows:
ℛ(ℋ (𝜑))d𝜏, I2 =
Γ(𝛿)
t ({ }∞ ) D𝛾,𝛿
0+
𝑦(t) = A𝑦(t) + g(t, 𝑦t ) + Bu(t), t ∈ J = (0, d], (4.1)
× (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 ℛ u𝑦m (𝜏) m=1 d𝜏
∫0
[ )
t d
2MMb d1−𝛽 𝛿−1 2M I0(1−𝛾)(1−𝛿) 𝑦(t) = ℏ(t) + h(xt1 , xt2 , xt3 , … , xtn ) ∈ h , (4.2)
≤ (t − 𝜏) +
Γ(𝛿) ∫0 Γ(𝛿) ∫0
({ )) where 0 < t1 < t2 < t3 < · · · < tn ≤ d, h ∶ nh → h and
× (d − 𝜏)𝛿−1 (×)ℛ g(𝜏, 𝜏 1−𝛽
((( }∞ ) ] 4M 2 Mb d1−𝛽
satisfies the assumption given below:
× [wm𝜏 + ℏ̂ 𝜏 ]) m=1 d𝜏 d𝜏 ≤
(Γ(𝛿))2 (H 3 ) The function h ∶ n →  is continuous; there
[ )
t d exists Lk (h) > 0 such that
× (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 m3 (𝜏) (d − 𝜏)𝛿−1 m2 (𝜏)
∫0 ∫0
] ||h(v1 , v2 , · · · , vn )−h(w1 , w2 , · · · , wn )||
(×) sup ℛ(ℋ (𝜑))d𝜏 d𝜏, ∑
n
0≤𝜑≤𝜏
[ )( ] ≤ Lk (h)||vk − wk ||h ,
2MM2 d1−𝛽 4M 2 Mb M2 M3 d 1−𝛽
k=1
I1 + I 2 = + sup ℛ(ℋ (𝜑))
Γ(𝛿) Γ(𝛿)2 0≤𝜑≤𝜏
[ ] for all vk , wk ∈ h and consider Nh =
2MM2 d1−𝛽 2MMb M3
≤ 1+ sup{||h(v1 , v2 , · · · , vn )|| ∶ vk ∈ h }.
Γ(𝛿) Γ(𝛿)
× sup ℛ(ℋ (𝜑)). Definition 4.1. A continuous function
0≤𝜑≤𝜏 y : (− ∞, d] → Y is said to be a mild solution of the frac-
tional differential system (4.1)–(4.2) if 𝑦0 = ℏ(0) ∈ h
That is, by Lemma 2.16, on (− ∞, 0] and
̃
ℛ(Ω(ℋ )) ≤ C∗ ℛ(ℋ ), 𝑦(t) = S𝛾,𝛿 (t)[ℏ(0) + h(xt1 , xt2 , xt3 , … , xtn )(0)]
t
where C∗ is defined in (3.1). Hence, in view of Mönch's + (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)g (𝜏, 𝑦𝜏 ) d𝜏
∫0 (4.3)
condition,
t
( ) + (t − 𝜏)𝛿−1 Q𝛿 (t − 𝜏)Bu(𝜏)d𝜏, t ∈ J
̃
ℛ(ℋ ) ≤ℛ conv({0} ∪ (Ω(ℋ )) ∫0
̃
= ℛ(Ω(ℋ )) ≤ C∗ ℛ(ℋ ),
is satisfied.
which implies that ℛ(ℋ ) = 0 and then ℋ is relatively
Theorem 4.2. If the assumptions (H0 )–(H3 ) are satis-
compact.
̃ has a fixed point w in Gq . fied, then the system (4.1)–(4.2) is controllable on [0, d]
In view of Lemma 2.18, Ω
̂ if
Therefore, 𝑦 = w + ℏ is a mild solution of the fractional
differential system (1.1)–(1.2) satisfying y(d) = y1 . Hence, [ ]
2MM2 d1−𝛽 2MMb M3 1
the system (1.1)–(1.2) is controllable on J, and the proof is 1+ < 1 for some < 𝛿 < 1.
Γ(𝛿) Γ(𝛿) 2
completed.
8 KAVITHA ET AL.

( )
5 EXAMPLE 2
n +1 ( )
1∑
∞ Γ
− 23 n−1 3 2n𝜋
̄ 2 (𝜌) =
w (−1)n−1 t sin .
Consider the following Hilfer fractional differential system 3 𝜋 n=1 n! 3
with control of the following form: In the above, 𝜉 2 is defined on (0, ∞), that is,
3
𝛾, 23 𝜕2
D0+ 𝑦(t, 𝜌) = 2 𝑦(t, 𝜌) + 𝜗 (t, 𝜌) + 𝜗 (t, ∞
𝜕𝜌 𝜉 2 (𝜌) ≥ 0, 𝜌 ∈ (0, ∞) and 𝜉 2 (𝜌)d𝜌 = 1.
t ) (5.1) 3 ∫0 3

𝜗 (𝜎 − t)𝑦(𝜎, 𝜌)d𝜎 , ( )
∫−∞ 1 t
We take 𝜗 t, ∫−∞ 𝜗1 (𝜎 − t)𝑦(𝜎, 𝜌)d𝜎 = C0 sin(𝑦(𝜎)),
(1−𝛾) 13
I [𝑦(t, 𝜌)]|𝜌=0 = 𝑦0 (𝜌), 𝜌 ∈ [0, 𝜋], (5.2) where C0 is a constant. Then, g and  satisfy the
hypotheses (H1 )–(H3 ). This completes the example.
𝑦(t, 0) = 𝑦(t, 𝜋) = 0, t ≥ 0, (5.3)

𝑦(0, 𝜌) = ℏ(t, 𝜌), 0 ≤ 𝜌 ≤ 𝜋. (5.4) 6 CO N C LU S I O N

𝛾, 23
In the above, D0+ denotes the Hilfer fractional
( ) 1 In our article, the controllability of Hilfer fractional dif-
derivative of order 𝛿 = 23 , and type 𝛾, I (1−𝛾) 3 is ferential systems with infinite delay via measures of non-
the Riemann-Liouville integral of order (1 − 𝛾) 13 , compactness has been extensively studied. Initially, we
ℏ ∈ h , 𝜗 ∶ J × [0, 1] is continuous. To change this frame- considered the Hilfer fractional differential systems with
work into abstract structure (1.1)–(1.2), let Y = L2 [0, 𝜋] controllability and applied Mönch's fixed point theorem
be endowed with the norm || · ||L2 and A : D(A) ⊂ Y → Y be with respect to infinite delay and then extended our results
given by Aℰ = ℰ ′′ along to the concept of nonlocal conditions. Finally, an appropri-
ate example is given to show the effectiveness of our main
D(A) ={ℰ , ℰ ′′ ∈ Y ∶ ℰ , ℰ ′′ are absolutely continuous,
results.
ℰ ′′ ∈ Y , ℰ (0) = ℰ (𝜋) = 0}. In the future, we will focus our study on the existence
Here, A is an infinitesimal generator of a semigroup and controllability of Sobolev-type Hilfer fractional impul-
{T(t), t ≥ 0} in Y and is given by T(t)w(𝜎) = w(t + 𝜎); for sive differential systems with infinite delay via measure of
w ∈ Y, T(t) is not compact on Y along ℛ(T(t)D) ≤ noncompactness.
ℛ(D), ℛ is the Hausdorff MNC, and there exists M ≥
1 (such that
2
) supt∈J ||T(t)|| ≤ M. Furthermore, t → AU THOR CONTRIBUTIONS
w t 3 + 𝜎 𝑦 is equicontinuous for t ≥ 0 and 𝜌 ∈ (0, ∞). K. Kavitha: Conceptualization, Investigation,
Designate g : [0, 𝜋] × Y → Y by Writing-original draft, validation. V. Vijayakumar: Con-
( t ) ceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, validation,
g(t, 𝜋)(𝜌) = 𝜗 t, 𝜗1 (𝜎 − t)𝑦(𝜎, 𝜌)d𝜎 , Writing-original draft. R. Udhayakumar: Conceptual-
∫−∞
2
ization, Methodology, Validation, Writing-original draft.
𝛾, 2 𝜕3
and D0+3 (𝑦)(t)(𝜌) = 2 𝑦(t, 𝜌), 𝑦(t)(𝜌) = 𝑦(t, 𝜌). C. Ravichandran: Conceptualization, Methodology,
𝜕𝜌 3 Validation, Writing-original draft.
Let B : Y → Y be defined by (Bu)(t)(𝜌) = 𝜗 (t, 𝜌), 0 < 𝜌 <
1. By assuming the suitable choices of A, B, and g, then the
ORCID
fractional differential system (5.1)–(5.4) can be rewritten
as V. Vijayakumar https://orcid.org/
0000-0001-5976-5794
D𝛾,𝜂
0+
𝑦(t) = A𝑦(t) + g(t, 𝑦t ) + Bu(t), t ∈ N = (0, d], (5.5) R. Udhayakumar https://orcid.org/
0000-0002-7020-3466
I0(1−𝛾)(1−𝛿)
+ 𝑦(t)|t=0 = ℏ(t), t ∈ (−∞, 0]. (5.6)
For 𝜌 ∈ (0, 𝜋), W is given by
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AU THOR BIOGRAPHIES
15. J. R. Wang, Z. Fan, and Y. Zhou, Nonlocal controllability of
semilinear dynamic systems with fractional derivative in Banach
spaces, J. Optim. Theory Appl. 154 (2012), no. 1, 292–302. K. Kavitha received her BSc, MSc,
16. Y. Zhou and F. Jiao, Existence of mild solutions for fractional and M.Phil degrees in Mathematics
neutral evolution equations, Comput. Math. Appl. 59 (2010), from Bharathiar University, Coim-
1063–1077. batore, India, in 2004, 2006, and
17. R. Hilfer, Experimental evidence for fractional time evolution in 2010. Now, she is pursuing her PhD
glass materials, Chem. Phys. 284 (2002), 399–408.
degree under the guidance of Prof.
18. H. Gu and J. Trujillo, Existence of mild solution for evolution
equation with Hilfer fractional derivative, Appl. Math. Comput.
V. Vijayakumar at the School of
257 (2015), 344–354. Advanced Mathematics, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil
19. K. Kavitha, V. Vijayakumar, and R. Udhayakumar, Results on Nadu, India. Her current research interests include
controllability of Hilfer fractional neutral differential equations fractional calculus, dynamical systems, and control
with infinite delay via measures of noncompactness, Chaos, Soli- theory.
tons Fractals 139(2020), 110035.
20. K. Kavitha, V. Vijayakumar, R. Udhayakumar, and K. S. Nisar, V. Vijayakumar received his BSc,
Results on the existence of Hilfer fractional neutral evolution
MSc, M.Phil, and PhD degrees in
equations with infinite delay via measures of noncompactness,
Mathematics from the Bharathiar
Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 44 (2021), no. 2, 438–1455.
21. R. Subashini, K. Jothimani, K. S. Nisar, and C. Ravichandran, University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu,
New results on nonlocal functional integro-differential equations India, in 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2016,
via Hilfer fractional derivative, Alex. Eng. J. 59 (2020), no. 5, respectively. He was a Lecturer with
2891–2899. the Department of Mathematics, Sri
10 KAVITHA ET AL.

Nandhanam College of Engineering and Technology, has published more than 50 papers in reputed scientific
Tirupattur, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, from 2006 to journals.
2007. He was an Assistant Professor and an Associate
Professor with the Department of Mathematics, Info C. Ravichandran post-graduated in
Institute of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, the year 2007 and subsequently com-
India, from 2007 to 2019. Since 2019, he has been an pleted his M.Phil in the year 2008
Assistant Professor at Vellore Institute of Technology, from Bharathiar University, Coimbat-
Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. His current research inter- ore, Tamil Nadu, India, and his PhD
ests include fractional calculus, dynamical systems, in 2013 in the field of fractional differ-
and control theory. To his credit, he has published ential equations from Karunya Uni-
more than 50 papers in reputed scientific journals. versity, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Since 2017,
he has been an Assistant Professor of Mathematics,
R. Udhayakumar received his BSc, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore,
MSc, M.Phil, and PhD degrees in Tamil Nadu, India. His research interest includes the
Mathematics from the Periyar Uni- areas of fractional calculus, control theory, and math-
versity, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India, in ematical modeling. He has published more than 50
2006, 2008, 2009, and 2014, respec- research papers in various SCI Journals holding impact
tively. During the year 2016, he was a factors with Scopus H-Index 20.
post-doctoral fellow at Institute Tech-
nology Bandung, Indonesia. He was an Assistant Pro-
fessor with the Department of Mathematics, Bannari
Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam,
How to cite this article: Kavitha K, Vijayaku-
from 2016 to 2018. Since 2018, he has been an Assistant
mar V, Udhayakumar R, Ravichandran C. Results
Professor of Mathematics at Vellore Institute of Tech-
on controllability of Hilfer fractional differen-
nology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. His research inter-
tial equations with infinite delay via measures
ests include algebra, fractional calculus, control theory,
of noncompactness. Asian J Control. 2021; 1–10.
and stochastics differential systems. To his credit, he
https://doi.org/10.1002/asjc.2549