FUNDAMENTALS

ART AND DESIGN

MSC 1ST SEM
 What is

Information
?
INFORMATION
Information is any processed data.

Weather Report Phone Specification Venue & Date

INFORMATION CAN BE PROPAGATED / COMMUNICATED THROUGH MANY MEDIA

AUDIO VISUALS
(Text or Images)
VISUAL COMMUNICATION
Information can be read or looked upon

During which year

did Bangalore
get the most rainfall?
During which year did Bangalore
get the most rainfall?

2000 - 2005 2006 - 2010 2011 - 2016

672 mm 819 mm 736 mm
COMMUNICATION DESIGN
Attract or inspire or motivate you to
respond

GRAPHI
C
DESIGN
Basic Elements GRAPHIC ELEMENTS
Building blocks of the design

Line
Shape
Color
Texture
Space
Form
Typography
 Design is not just
To frame information
what it looks like,

Design is how it
To divide information
works
Add emphasize to Design is intelligence
word
made visual.
LINES
Simple yet crucial element of
designs
To frame information

DESIGN
To divide information

Add emphasize to word

is not just what
Add elegance it
LOOKS LIKE

DESIGN
is how it
works
To frame information
To frame information
Graphic design is the art and practice of

DESIGN N
To divide information planning and projecting ideas and
To divide information
experiences with visual &
Add emphasize to word textual content.
Add emphasize to word is not just what
S I G
Add elegance
Add elegance it
LOOKS LIKE C D
E
HI
P
DESIGN
A
Draw eye to a point
G R Graphic design
is the art and practice of

is how planning
it and projecting ideas and

works
experiences with visual & textual content.
To frame information CHAPTER

1
To divide information
GRAPHIC DESIGN
Add emphasize to word Information
Visual Design
Communication Design
2
Add elegance
GRAPHIC ELEMENTS
Lines
Draw eye to a point Shapes
Color
Texture
Form
Add structure Space
Typography
3

DESIGN PRINCIPLES
SHAPES
Everything is a shape in
someway
Shapes have 2 dimensions

Heig
ht

Width
 Shaped are represented

As a filler color

As a line As a filled color In a negative Space

Geometric Shapes
Drawn using a ruler or a compass
Organic Shapes
Free hand drawing or found in nature
 When placing shapes
together, we create a
relationship between them.
PROXIMITY
Trigger
Feelings
Convey
message
Esngage
audien
Acded
emphasis
Create
Movement
Group of individual shapes creating a overall shape
To decorate, To build and illustrate
Build an image as illustration – Low poly art
Create a surface image texture
Create a surface pattern texture
TEXTURE
The way a surface feels.
 Texture is used to create a visual tone
&
can influence the look and feel of a graphic design work.
Types of texture

Image Texture

Pattern

Texture
Image Texture

Generated from the combination of

organic or geometric shapes and color.

Appears more random.

Triggers feeling of emotion and

sensation of touch.
Image texture can
be

Environmental

Biological

Man made
ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOLOGICAL
MAN MADE
Pattern Texture

Generated from the combination of

organic or geometric shapes and color.

Repeated formation of shape & color.

Appears more organized & structured.

Triggers visual senses rather emotional.

 ENVIRONMENTAL
&
BIOLOGICAL PATTERN
MANMADE
Creates the visual essence & dynamic of a
composition
Positive Space Negative Space
Positive Space
Perceived as 2D or 3D.

Refers to the shapes of

objects. Refers to the shapes

of objects.
Main focus of the page.
Negative Space
White space or empty space which is the part of
the design that is not there.
Space between the visual elements.

Helps frame and contain a composition.

Connects or disconnects to suggest relationship
between shapes.
Balance the composition by avoiding visual
clutter.
Arrangement & visual appearance
of shapes with in a composition
creates positive and negative space
In 2D design, visual dynamics can be created
using
Proximity
Overlap
Opacity
Light & Shadow
Perspective
 Proximity
Suggests relationship between shapes
 Proximity
Suggests relationship between shapes
 Overlap
Creates illusion of top element looks closer to the observer
 Opacity
Degree of transparency of elements suggest dominance or order of closeness
 Opacity
Degree of transparency of elements suggest dominance or order of closeness

85% 65% 15%

100% 70% 40% 5%

Light & Shadow
Makes a 2D element look 3D
Which box appears closer to you or is elevated more?
 Perspective
Arrangement, creation & manipulation of shapes to look real.
 Perspective
Arrangement, creation & manipulation of shapes to look real.
 Perspective
Arrangement, creation & manipulation of shapes to look real.
 Positive and Negative space can be
used to create focal point, balance, set
visual tone & define look and feel
 FORM
3D equivalent of shapes
Forms have 3 dimentions

Height

Wi
dth th
en g
L
 Forms can be
defined by the presence of shadow.
enhanced by tone, texture & color.
Forms add realism and
depth that draws you in
 3D quality can trigger
sensation of touch, rough, smooth,
hard, soft, round or pointy
Geometric Forms
Organic Forms
 COLOR
Emotions changes as per the
color
 Dispersion of white light

Red
Orang
White Light e
Yellow
PRISM Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
 Light has to travel short distance to reach earth

Short Path

Obs Blue having small wavelength scatters more.

e
rver

DAY TIME
 Light has to travel longer distance to reach earth.

All colors are absorbed in the atmosphere.

Long Red having more wavelength reaches the earth.

Obs
e
rver

SUN SET & SUN RISE

COLOUR PS Y CHOLOGY
 RED
Travels longer distance than any other color

X
DANGER Love / Passion /Interest Anger
RED

Incr e a ses heart rate

Induces nervousness & anxiety

 RED
Color for Danger
Color for Love / P a ssion / Interest
Induces anxiety , nervousness
Highly attention grabbing color
Warm Color
Not suitable for background
 YELLOW

Joy & Happiness

Friendliness
 YELLOW

Color of joy & happiness

Informal color

Friendly color

Highly visible & warm color

 BLUE
The universal color

Can be seen everywhere like sky, ocean, rivers

 BLUE
Color of Trust

Used in bank logo

 BLUE
Color of openness

Used in social medias

 BLUE
Universal color
Suits any applic a t ion except food
Color of trust
Color of openness
Cool color
Suitable for background
 GREEN
The color of nature
 GREEN
The color of nature

Color of prosperity / Wealth / Health

 GREEN
The color of nature

Color of prosperity / Wealth / Health

 GREEN
The color of technology

Printed circuit boards

 GREEN

Color of nature

Color of prosperity, health & wealth

Color of technology
 ORANGE
The color of warmth
 ORANGE
Induces the feeling of hunger
ORANGE
Color of warning
ORANGE
Color of spirituality
 ORANGE

Color of spirituality / holiness in India

Induces hunger
Represents success, warmth, excitement
Color of warnings
Highly visible & warm color
 VIOLET
Color of royal, richness & luxur&y
 VIOLET

Color of royal
Color of richness & luxury
Color of creativity
Cool color
Can be used in backgrounds
 WHITE
The color of peace, calmness
 WHITE
Represents purity
 WHITE
Color of peace
Color of purity
Presence of all colored lights
Goes well with almost any color
 BLACK
Color of sadness
 BLACK
Color of modern, style, richness,
 BLACK
Color of sadness
Color of fear
Represent style and richness
Goes well with almost any color
Absence of all colored lights
 COLOR WHEEL
COLOR WHEEL PRIMARY COLOR

RED RED
IOLET RE
V
OR D
AN Red Yellow Blue
ET
OL

GE
VI

SECONDARY COLOR

ORANG
VIOLET
BLUE

O E Orange Green Violet

Y
R
E
BLUE

A
LL
N
O
GE

TERTIARY COLOR
W
E N

YE
BL REE

LL
G
U

OW
GRE
EN
EN W
E
G R YELL
O R.O Y.O Y.G B.G B R
. .
The warm colors on the
color wheel are reds, YELLOW

oranges and yellows RA

N G E ORANG
E
YE
LLO
W
O

GE
OR ED
They are also known as

AN
R
advancing colors

RED
RED LET
VIO
The cool colors on the color
wheel are green, blues and BLUE

violets. BL
UE
VIOLE
T VIO
LE
T

GR E
BLU
They are also known as

N EE
receding colors

GREEN
YEL REEN
O OW
G
COLOR WHEEL

COLOR SCHEMES
 MONOCHROMATIC

SHADE TINT
Adding Black Adding White
MONOCHROMATIC - Looks cleaner and more organized

INFOGRAPHIC
 MONOCHROMATIC
Creates relationship & progression in a design
To dive designs into sections

FREE $ 5 $ 10 $ 20
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PRICING
 MONOCHROMATIC
IN WEBSITES

If you website has a lot of content and/or images, it adds

color but doesn’t distract from your content

One color is becomes the star of the show and becomes

recognizable with your brand

When you must use an unusual color that is hard to

coordinate and needs to be emphasized

When colorblindness needs to be taken into consideration

When you don’t want to worry about matching colors
 ANALOGOUS
Adjacent colors from wheel
ANALOGOUS
Mostly found in nature
 ANALOGOUS
Bold analogous colors are powerful & exciting
 ANALOGOUS
Monotoned pastel analogous colors looks pleasing
 ANALOGOUS
Monotoned pastel analogous colors looks pleasing

Used in impressionist painting

 ANALOGOUS
Bright pastels can add some liveliness or femininity to your design
 ANALOGOUS
Muted analogous hues are perfect for creating an earthy feel
 ANALOGOUS
Creates natural harmony & blend naturally

Yellow Green, Green, Blue Green Green, Blue Green, Blue, Purple
 ANALOGOUS
Can be used in design to create a pleasing look and feel
 TRIAD COLORth
120 degree apart
Created by combining 4 color of the color wheel
 TRIAD
th
COLOR
120 degree apart
Created by combining every 4 color in the color wheel
 TRIAD
th
COLOR
120 degree apart
Created by combining every 4 color in the color wheel
 TRIAD
th
COLOR
120 degree apart
Created by combining every 4 color in the color wheel
 TRIAD COLOR
Rich, balanced, energetic and vibrant style

Mostly preferred for logo design due to the vibrant style

COMPLIMENTARY
Opposite color in a color wheel
COMPLIMENTARY
Opposite color in a color wheel
COMPLIMENTARY
Visually contrast and captures attention

Suitable for movie poster and minimal posters

COMPLIMENTARY
Visually contrast and captures attention

Logo Design
COMPLIMENTARY
Visually contrast and captures attention

Cartoon character design

 TETRAD COLORS
Picking 4 color from color wheel ( Rectangle or Square)
 TETRAD COLORS
Picking 4 color from color wheel ( Rectangle or Square)

Double complementary colors

TETRAD COLORS
Create a balance between warm and cool colors
COLOR MODES
Same color looking through different medium looks different.

MONITOR PRINT
Monitors emit lights
of Red, Blue & Green
 Papers absorb lights
from the environment
and reflects the required
color
RGB
 RGB
Additive Color Synthesis
 RGB
RED ( 255,0,0) YELLOW (255,255,0)

GREEN ( 0,255,0) ORANGE (255,128,0)

GREEN ( 0,0,255) WHITE (255,255,255)

CMYK
 CMYK
Subtractive Color Synthesis
HEXADECIMAL
DECIMAL HEX DECIMAL HEX
00 00 08 08
01 01 09 09
02 02 10 0A
03 03 11 0B
04 04 12 0C
05 05 13 0D
06 06 14 0E
07 07 15 0F
 HEXADECIMAL COLOR VALUES
0 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 A0 B0 C0 D0 E0 F0
01 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1
02 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92 A2 B2 C2 D2 E2 F2
03 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93 A3 B3 C3 D3 E3 F3
04 14 24 34 44 54 64 74 84 94 A4 B4 C4 D4 E4 F4
05 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 A5 B5 C5 D5 E5 F5
06 16 26 36 46 56 66 76 86 96 A6 B6 C6 D6 E6 F6
07 17 27 37 47 57 67 77 87 97 A7 B7 C7 D7 E7 F7
08 18 28 38 48 58 68 78 88 98 A8 B8 C8 D8 E8 F8
09 19 29 39 49 59 69 79 89 99 A9 B9 C9 D9 E9 F9
0A 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A 9A AA BA CA DA EA FA
0B 1B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 9B AB BB CB DB EB FB
0C 1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 6C 7C 8C 9C AC BC CC DC EC FC
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B CD DD E F
D D D D D D D D D D D D CE DE D D
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E AE BE CF DF EE FE 255
0F 1F 2F 3F 4F 5F 6F 7F 8F 9F AF BF EF FF
 HEXADECIMAL COLOR VALUES
HEX HEX
R 25 FF R 0 00
G 50 00
RED BLUE
G
# FF0000 0 00
# 0000FF
B 0 00
B 255 FF

R 0 00 R 255 FF
G 255 FF
GREEN YELLOW
G
B 0 00
# 255 FF
#
00FF00 B 0 0
FFFF00
TYPOGRAPHY
 Kerning

Cap Height
AnatomyTracking Baseline

of
Leading

Baseline
Ascender

{
Type Size Typography Counter
{ X height

Stem Descender
Loop
BOUNDRIES
 BASE LINE
The imaginary line on which most letters and other characters sit.

Typography
 CAPLINE
The imaginary line that marks the upper boundary of capital letters

Typography
 CAP HEIGHT
Height of the upper case letters

Cap Height
Typography
 MEAN LINE
The imaginary line that marks the upper boundary of lower case
letters

Typography
 X HEIGHT
Height of the lower case letters.

Typography
{ X height
SPACING
 TRACKING
The uniform amount of spacing between characters in a complete section of
text

NORMAL
Typography is a beautiful group of letters.

TIGHT
Typography is a beautiful group of letters.

LOOSE
Typography is a beautiful group of letters.
 KERNING
Adjusting the horizontal spacing between two characters

WATER
WATER
 KERNING

OATS Letters with diagonal lines,

FLAVOUR
like V, Y, W and letter T,
usually with A needs

WAY kerning
 KERNING

OATS OATS
FLAVOUR FLAVOUR
WAY WAY
No Kerning Auto Kern using character setting
 LEADING
The vertical spacing between lines of text -from baseline to baseline.

TIGHT NORMAL LOOSE

Typography is a Typography is a
Typography is a
1p
beautiful group of 1.5pt
beautiful group of 2pt
beautiful group of
t
letters.
1p 1.5pt
letters.
t
2pt letters.
TERMS
 STROKE

A straight or curved diagonal line.

 STEM

Vertical, full-length stroke in upright characters.

 ASCENDER

An upward vertical stroke found on the part of lowercase letters that extends above the typeface’s x-height.
 DESCENDER

The part of the letters that extends below the baseline.

 LOOP

The enclosed or partially enclosed curved portion below the base line
 COUNTER

The open space or white space in a fully or partly closed area within a letter.
 EYE

Much like a counter, the eye refers specifically to the enclosed space in a lowercase ‘e’.
 ARC OF STEM

A curved stroke that is continuous with a straight stem.

 APEX

A point at the top of a character where two strokes meet.

 VERTEX

A point at the bottom of a character where two strokes meet.

 BOWL

The fully closed, rounded part of a letter.

 TITLE

A small distinguishing mark, such as an diacritic on a lowercase i or j. Also known as a dot.

 LEG

Short, descending portion of a letter.

 ARM

A horizontal or upward, sloping stroke that does not connect to a stroke or stem on one or both ends.
 SHOULDER

The curved stroke aiming downward from a stem.

 CROTCH

An acute, inside angle where two strokes meet.

 CROSS STROKE

A horizontal stroke that intersects the stem of a lowercase t or f.

CROSS BAR

The horizontal stroke in letters.

 SWASH

A decorative extension or stroke on a letterform.

TYPES OF FONT
 SERIF
Small line attached to the end of a stroke in a letter or symbol

R
SERIF - A usual & neutral type face

Reliable
Respectable
Dependable
Reputable
Conventional
 SAN SERIF
San Serif is a type face that does not have the small projecting
feature ( Serif ) at the end of strokes

R
SAN SERIF - A neutral but contemporary typeface.

Clean
Simple
Contemporary
Straight forward
Futuristic
 SERIF SAN SERIF

Easier to read in printed works Looks better on web

Guides the horizontal flow of lines Simple and Elegant
 MONOTYPE
A fixed-width & a fixed-space font

Width
1.18 0.330.6”0.340.6”

Width
0.7”0.7”0.7”0.7”0.7”
 MONOTYPE
A fixed-width & a fixed-space font

Sit
0.58” 0.3”0.35”
0.13”
Sit0.760.33”
”

SERIF MONO SPACE

SAN SERIF
 MONOTYPE
Dull, Unimaginative & structured

Popular Font : Courier New & Lucidia Console

 Display
Creative typeface which is different from the norm
 Display
A tailor made font, can be tweaked, twisted, tuned, inclined to form any desired meaning

Fun
Unique b l e
Casual
Direct
Handwritten
Easy to read cursive/handwritten fonts.
Handwritten - A care free and creative font

Reliable
Creativity
Respectable
Interest
Dependable
Emotions
Reputable
Feminity
Conventional
FONT NAMES
 SERIF SAN SERIF DISPLAY HAND WRITTEN

Garamond Helvetica Chiller Brush Script

Baskerville Roboto Lobster Freestyle Script
Rockwell Arial Stencil Sacramento

Roboto Slab Futura Fredoka One Pacifico

Times New Roman Open Sans Righteous Mistral
 TEXT
ALIGNMENT
A text is a sequence of words. A text stays the same no
matt er how it’s rendered. Consider the sent ence “I like
pizza.” I can print that text on a piece of paper, or read it
aloud, or save it in a file on my lapt op. It’ll be the same
text, just rendered diff ere nt ways—visually, audibly,
digitally.

But when “I like pizza” is printed, typography gets in volved.

All visually displayed text inv olves typography - whether it’s
on paper, a computer screen, or a billboard.
LEFT ALIGN
A text is a sequence of words. A text stays the same no
matt er how it’s rendered. Consider the sent ence “I like
pizza.” I can print that text on a piece of paper, or read it
aloud, or save it in a file on my lapt op. It’ll be the same text,
just rendered diff ere nt ways—visually, audibly, digitally.

But when “I like pizza” is printed, typography gets in volved.

All visually displayed text inv olves typography - whether it’s
on paper, a computer screen, or a billboard.

RIGHT ALIGN
 A text is a sequence of words. A text stays the same no
matt er how it’s rendered. Consider the sent ence “I like
pizza.” I can print that text on a piece of paper, or read it
aloud, or save it in a file on my lapt op. It’ll be the same text,
just rendered diff ere nt ways—visually, audibly, digitally.

But when “I like pizza” is printed, typography gets in volved.

All visually displayed text inv olves typography - whether it’s
on paper, a computer screen, or a billboard.

CENTER ALIGN
A text is a sequence of words. A text stays the same no
matt er how it’s rendered. Consider the sent ence “I like
pizza.” I can print that text on a piece of paper, or read it
aloud, or save it in a file on my lapt op. It’ll be the same text,
just rendered diff ere nt ways—visually, audibly, digitally.

But when “I like pizza” is printed, typography gets in volved.

All visually displayed text inv olves typography - whether it’s
on paper, a computer screen, or a billboard.

JUSTIFIED
 RAG
Irregular or uneven vertical margin of a block of type.
 RAG
Good ragging can be achieve by adjusting the line break
 WIDOW
A very short line ,usually one word, at the end of a paragraph
 WIDOW
Can be corrected by adjusting the line length and tracking
 ORPHAN
Single word, or very short line, appears at the beginning of a column or a page
 ORPHAN
Can be corrected by negative tracking and adjusting the column width
 FONT SIZE
MEASUREMENT
 The standard unit to measure font height in the
print world is the point (pt).

In the web world, in addition to the point (pt), there

are many other ways to measure font sizes.
 TYPES
POINTS
Fixed Height Measurement
PIXELS }
Relational heigh
Measuremen{EMtROOT EMt
PERCENTAGE
 POINTS
1 pt = 1/72 inch
Traditionally used in print

media Do not scale.

10 pt 14 pt 18 pt 24 pt 32 pt 48 pt 60 pt 72 pt
PIXELS
1 px = 1 dot in digital screen
Depends on the screen resolution. . Eg. 72 ppi

Do not scale.

Not the best practice to use in web related contents

EM
1 em = current specified font-size of the document

section Scalable in nature

Suitable for web contents

H1 Section font size = 12px,

-> 1em = 12px , 2em = 24px
ROOT EM - rem
1 rem = font size defined in <html>
By default , 1rem = 16px
Scalable & suitable for web contents

html font size = 16px,

-> 1rem = 16px , 2em = 24px
THE 7 PRINCIPALS
OF DESIGN

Balance
Contrast
Emphasis
Repetition
Hierarchy
Typography
Unity
BALANCE

Balance is the concept of visual weight,

or how elements are distributed across
the page. It can be symmetrical or
asymmetrical, depending on the desired
effect.
Balance is important in design because it
creates order and structure, allowing
viewers to easily read and understand
the message.
CONTRAST

Contrast is the juxtaposition of elements

to create visual interest. It can be
achieved through color, size, shape,
texture, and other design elements.
Contrast helps to draw attention to
important elements, and can create an
overall dynamic and visually appealing
design.
EMPHASIS

Emphasis is used to draw attention to a

specific element of the design. It can be
achieved through size, color, shape,
texture, and other design elements.
Emphasis helps to create a focal point
within the design, and can be used to
guide the viewer’s eye to the desired
element or message.
REPETITION

If you limit yourself to two strong typefaces or three

strong colors, you’ll soon find you’ll have to repeat
some things. That’s ok! It’s often said that repetition
unifies and strengthens a design. If only one thing on
your band poster is in blue italic sans-serif, it can read
like an error. If three things are in blue italic sans-serif,
you’ve created a motif and are back in control of your
design.
Repetition can be important beyond one printed
product. Current packaging design is heavily
embracing beautiful illustrated patterns. Anyone
thinking about a startup knows one of the first things
you need is a strong logo to feature on your website,
business cards, social media and more. Brand identity?
Another term for repetition.
HIERARCHY

Hierarchy is the concept of organizing

elements in a design to create a visual
order. It can be achieved through size,
color, shape, texture, and other design
elements.
Hierarchy is important in design because
it helps to create a sense of structure and
flow, and allows viewers to easily read
and understand the message.
TYPOGRAPHY
Typography is the use of typefaces and
fonts to create a visual impact. It can be
used to create a sense of hierarchy,
emphasis, and contrast within a design.
Typography is important in design
because it helps to create a unique visual
identity, and can be used to convey a
message or evoke an emotion.
UNITY
Unity is the concept of all elements
working together to create a unified
design. It can be achieved through color,
size, shape, texture, and other design
elements.
Unity is important in design because it
creates a sense of cohesion and
harmony, and allows viewers to easily
read and understand the message.
THE 7 TYPES
OF LOGOS
(AND HOW TO
USE THEM)
logo is an image that symbolizes your business.
But did you know there are 7 different types of
logos?
Though they’re all a combination of typography
and images, each type of logo gives your brand a
different feel. And since your logo is the first
thing new customers will see, you want to make
sure you get it right.
HERE ARE THE 7 TYPES OF LOGOS YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT:

MONOGRAM (OR LETTERMARK) LOGOS

WORDMARK LOGOS
PICTORIAL MARK LOGOS
ABSTRACT LOGO MARKS
MASCOT LOGOS
THE COMBINATION MARK
THE EMBLEM
1. Monogram logos (or lettermarks)
Monogram logos or lettermarks are logos that consist of letters, usually brand
initials. IBM, CNN, HP, HBO… Noticing a pattern, yes? They’re the initialisms of
a few famous businesses with rather lengthy names. With 2 or 3 words to
remember, they’ve each turned to using their initials for brand-identification
purposes. So it makes perfect sense for them to use monograms—sometimes
called lettermark logos—to represent their organizations.
2. Wordmarks (or logotypes)
Similar to a lettermark, a wordmark or logotype is a font-based logo that
focuses on a business’ name alone. Think Visa and Coca-Cola. Wordmark logos
work really well when a company has a succinct and distinct name. Google’s
logo is a great example of this. The name itself is catchy and memorable so,
when combined with strong typography, the logo helps create strong brand
recognition.
3. Pictorial marks (or logo symbols)
A pictorial mark (sometimes called brand mark or logo symbol) is an icon—or
graphic-based logo. It’s probably the image that comes to mind when you
think “logo”: the iconic Apple logo, the Twitter bird, the Target bullseye. Each
of these companies’ logos is so emblematic, and each brand so established,
that the mark alone is instantly recognizable. A true brand mark is only an
image. Because of this, it can be a tricky logo type for new companies, or those
without strong brand recognition, to use.
4. Abstract logo marks
An abstract mark is a specific type of pictorial logo. Instead of being a
recognizable image—like an apple or a bird—it’s an abstract geometric form
that represents your business. A few famous examples include the BP
starburst-y logo, the Pepsi divided circle and the strip-y Adidas flower. Like all
logo symbols, abstract marks work really well because they condense your
brand into a single image. However, instead of being restricted to a picture of
something recognizable, abstract logos allow you to create something truly
unique to represent your brand.
5. Mascots
Mascot logos are logos that involve an illustrated character. Often
colorful, sometimes cartoonish, and most always fun, the mascot
logo is a great way to create your very own brand spokesperson—er,
spokes-character(?).
6. The combination mark
A combination mark is a logo comprised of a combined wordmark or
lettermark and a pictorial mark, abstract mark, or mascot. The picture and text
can be laid out side-by-side, stacked on top of each other, or integrated
together to create an image. Some well-known combination mark logos include
Doritos, Burger King and Lacoste.
7. The emblem
An emblem logo consists of font inside a symbol or an icon; think badges, seals
and crests. These logos tend to have a traditional appearance about them that
can make a striking impact, thus they are often the go-to choice for many
schools, organizations or government agencies. The auto industry is also very
fond of emblem logos. While they have a classic style, some companies have
effectively modernized the traditional emblem look with logo designs fit for
the 21st century (think of Starbucks’ iconic mermaid emblem, or Harley-
Davidson’s famous crest).
Design Thinking Process
DESIGN THINKING IS A CREATIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH THAT FOCUSES ON
EMPATHY, COLLABORATION, AND EXPERIMENTATION TO COME UP WITH INNOVATIVE
SOLUTIONS. THE DESIGN THINKING PROCESS TYPICALLY INVOLVES FIVE KEY
STAGES: EMPATHIZE, DEFINE, IDEATE, PROTOTYPE, AND TEST.
During the empathize stage, designers seek to understand the needs and perspectives of the
people they are designing for. This involves conducting research, observing users in their
environment, and engaging in conversations to gain insights.
The define stage is where designers synthesize their findings from the empathize stage to define
the problem they are trying to solve. This stage involves identifying the key challenges and
opportunities that will guide the design process.
In the ideate stage, designers generate a wide range of creative solutions to address the problem
at hand. This is a brainstorming phase where no idea is off-limits, and the focus is on quantity over
quality.
Once ideas have been generated, the next stage is to create prototypes of the most promising
solutions. Prototypes can take many forms, from rough sketches to interactive models, and are
used to test and refine ideas before moving forward.
Finally, in the test stage, designers gather feedback from users on the prototypes to evaluate how
well they address the problem. This feedback is used to iterate and improve the designs before
finalizing a solution.
By following the design thinking process, designers can develop innovative solutions that are truly
user-centered and address real-world needs.
Script Writing
Script writing is a creative process that involves crafting dialogue, actions,
and scenes to bring a story to life. Whether you are writing for film,
television, theater, or any other medium, the key is to captivate your audience
and convey your message effectively. A well-written script can transport
viewers to different worlds, evoke emotions, and leave a lasting impact. To
excel in script writing, it is essential to develop strong characters, engaging
plots, and meaningful dialogue. Remember, every word counts in a script, so
make sure each line serves a purpose and moves the story forward. With
dedication, practice, and a spark of imagination, you can master the art of
script writing and bring your stories to the screen or stage with power and
allure.
Storyboarding
Storyboarding is an essential technique used in various creative fields such as film, animation, advertising, and
design. It involves creating a sequence of drawings or images to outline the visual narrative of a project. By
visually mapping out scenes, transitions, and key moments, storyboard artists can effectively communicate their
ideas to clients, collaborators, and team members.
The process of storyboarding allows creators to plan and structure their projects in a clear and organized
manner. It helps in visualizing the flow of the story, identifying potential issues or gaps in the narrative, and
refining the overall composition before production begins.
Storyboarding is not only a practical tool for planning projects but also a creative outlet for artists to experiment
with different visual storytelling techniques, perspectives, and compositions. It enables them to explore various
creative choices and make informed decisions that will enhance the final outcome of their work.
Ultimately, storyboard artists play a crucial role in bringing stories to life by laying the groundwork for the visual
representation of a project. Their ability to translate ideas into visual sequences helps streamline the production
process and ensure that the final product effectively communicates the intended message to the audience.
 Story-Board
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
BY JOEL
The Types Of
Story Board
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 Type of Storyboard Description Key Benefits

Quick and easy to create, good for

The Types
Traditional Hand-drawn sketches
getting feedback

Good for generating a large

Thumbnail Very small sketches
number of ideas

More flexible, can create more

Digital Created using digital tools
detailed visuals

Animatic Created using moving images Good for simulating timing and pacing

Combines digital images with motion

Digimatic More realistic and engaging
graphics
 Traditional-Storyboard
Traditional storyboards are the
most common type of
storyboard. They are typically
hand-drawn and consist of a
series of rough sketches that
represent the key moments of a
story. Traditional storyboards
are a good way to quickly and
easily visualize a project, and
they can be very helpful for
getting feedback from others.
 Thumbnail-Storyboard
Thumbnail storyboards are a
type of storyboard that is
created using very small
sketches. They are often used to
quickly generate a large number
of ideas for a project. Thumbnail
storyboards can be a good way
to explore different possibilities
and to get a general sense of the
flow of a project.
 Digital-Storyboard
Digital storyboards are created
using digital tools, such as
Adobe Photoshop or Illustrator.
They offer more flexibility than
traditional storyboards, and they
can be used to create more
detailed and sophisticated
visuals. Digital storyboards are
often used for projects that
require a high level of visual
polish.
 Animatics-Storyboard
Animatics are a type of
storyboard that is created using
moving images. They are often
used to simulate the timing and
pacing of an animation.
Animatics can be a good way to
identify any potential problems
with the pacing of a project, and
they can also be used to get
feedback from others.
 Digimatics-Storyboard
Digimatics are a type of
storyboard that combines digital
images with motion graphics.
They are often used to create
more realistic and engaging
storyboards. Digimatics are a
good way to showcase the
potential of a project, and they
can also be used to get
feedback from potential clients.
The elements of
visual storytelling
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 The elements of visual storytelling
Visual storytelling is the art of using images to convey a narrative. It is a powerful tool that can be used to tell stories
in a way that is both engaging and memorable. The elements of visual storytelling include:
Composition: Composition is the arrangement of elements within a frame. It can be used to create a sense of balance,
harmony, and movement.
Framing: Framing is the way that a subject is positioned within a frame. It can be used to draw the viewer's
attention to a particular element, to create a sense of isolation or confinement, or to create a sense of depth.
Perspective: Perspective is the way that objects appear to get smaller as they get farther away. It can be used to
create a sense of depth and realism.
Lighting: Lighting can be used to create mood and atmosphere. For example, warm lighting can create a sense of
happiness and comfort, while cold lighting can create a sense of suspense or danger.
Color: Color can also be used to create mood and atmosphere. For example, red is often associated with danger and
passion, while blue is often associated with peace and tranquility.
Movement: Movement can be used to convey emotion and action. For example, a slow, lingering shot can create a
sense of sadness or melancholy, while a fast-paced, action-packed shot can create a sense of excitement or danger.
Camera angles and shots: Camera angles and shots can be used to control the viewer's perspective and to guide their
attention. For example, a low-angle shot can make a subject seem powerful or imposing, while a high-angle shot can
make a subject seem small or vulnerable.
 The elements of visual storytelling

How to use composition, framing, and perspective to tell a

story
Composition, framing, and perspective can all be used to tell a
story. For example, you can use the rule of thirds to create a
balanced composition. You can use framing to draw the
viewer's attention to a particular element. You can use
perspective to create a sense of depth and realism
 The elements of visual storytelling

How to use lighting and color to create mood and atmosphere

Lighting and color can be used to create mood and atmosphere.
For example, you can use warm lighting to create a sense of
happiness and comfort. You can use cold lighting to create a
sense of suspense or danger. You can use red to create a
sense of danger and passion. You can use blue to create a
sense of peace and tranquility.
 The elements of visual storytelling

How to use movement to convey emotion and action

Movement can be used to convey emotion and action. For
example, you can use a slow, lingering shot to create a sense of
sadness or melancholy. You can use a fast-paced, action-packed
shot to create a sense of excitement or danger.
 The elements of visual storytelling

How to use camera angles and shots to guide the viewer's eye
Camera angles and shots can be used to control the viewer's
perspective and to guide their attention. For example, you can
use a low-angle shot to make a subject seem powerful or
imposing. You can use a high-angle shot to make a subject seem
small or vulnerable.
 Storyboarding
Techniques
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 Storyboarding Techniques
How to develop a storyboard from a script or outline
The first step in developing a storyboard is to create a script or outline of
your story. This will help you to identify the key scenes and events in your
story, and to develop a clear understanding of the flow of the narrative.
Once you have a script or outline, you can start to break down the story into
individual scenes. For each scene, you will need to identify the following:
The key actions and beats of the scene
The emotional arc of the scene
The pacing and timing of the scene
The conflict and resolution of the scene
 Storyboarding Techniques
How to create rough thumbnails to capture key scenes
Once you have a clear understanding of each scene, you can start to create
rough thumbnails. Thumbnails are quick sketches that are used to capture
the key elements of a scene. They are typically very simple, and they do not
need to be detailed or polished.
The purpose of thumbnails is to help you to visualize the composition, framing,
and perspective of each scene. They can also help you to identify any
potential problems with the pacing or timing of the scene.
 Storyboarding Techniques
How to refine thumbnails into more detailed storyboards
Once you are satisfied with your thumbnails, you can start to refine them
into more detailed storyboards. Storyboards are a series of drawings or
sketches that are used to visualize the entire sequence of events in a story.
They are typically more detailed than thumbnails, and they may include
elements such as dialogue, character expressions, and background details.
The purpose of storyboards is to provide a clear and concise roadmap for
the production of a visual story. They can be used to communicate the
director's vision to the crew, and they can also be used to identify any
potential problems with the script or the storyboarding.
 Storyboarding Techniques
How to use different storyboard formats
There are a variety of different storyboard formats that you can use. The most
common format is the traditional storyboard, which consists of a series of panels that
are arranged in a horizontal or vertical strip.
Other storyboard formats include:
Animatics: Animatics are storyboards that are combined with audio to create a
moving image. They can be a good way to simulate the timing and pacing of a scene.
Digimatics: Digimatics are storyboards that are created using digital tools, such as
Adobe Photoshop or Illustrator. They can be more detailed and sophisticated than
traditional storyboards.
Schematic storyboards: Schematic storyboards are very simple drawings that are
used to map out the flow of a story. They are often used in the early stages of
development.
 Storyboarding Techniques
How to use storyboarding software
There are a variety of different storyboarding software programs
available. Some popular programs include:
Storyboard Pro
Toon Boom Animate
Adobe Animate
Krita
OpenToonz
 Storyboarding Techniques
How to use storyboarding software
There are a variety of different storyboarding software programs
available. Some popular programs include:
Storyboard Pro
Toon Boom Animate
Adobe Animate
Krita
OpenToonz
 Character
Development
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 Character Development
How to create visually appealing and memorable characters
Visually appealing and memorable characters are essential for any story. They are the
ones that will stay with the audience long after the story is over.
There are a few things you can do to create visually appealing and memorable
characters:
Start with a strong foundation: Make sure your characters have a well-developed
backstory, personality, and motivations.
Use your characters' appearance to tell a story: Their clothing, hairstyle, and
accessories can all reveal clues about their personality and background.
Use body language and facial expressions to convey emotion: A character's body
language and facial expressions can tell the audience a lot about what they are
feeling, even if they don't say a word.
Make your characters unique and original: Avoid creating characters that are
stereotypes or clichés.
 Character Development
How to use body language, facial expressions, and clothing to convey character traits
Body language, facial expressions, and clothing can all be used to convey character traits.
For example:
A character who is nervous or anxious may fidget, avoid eye contact, or have a
hunched posture.
A character who is angry may clench their fists, scowl, or speak in a loud voice.
A character who is confident may stand with good posture, make eye contact, and
speak in a clear, steady voice.
A character who is wealthy may wear expensive clothing and jewelry.
A character who is rebellious may wear clothes that are considered to be
unconventional or alternative.
 Character Development
How to develop relationships between characters
Relationships between characters are one of the most important aspects of any story.
They can be the source of conflict, resolution, and humor.
There are a few things you can do to develop relationships between characters:
Start by establishing the basic relationship between the characters: Are they friends,
enemies, lovers, or something else?
Develop the characters' history together: What have they been through together?
How have they influenced each other?
Show, don't tell: Let the characters' actions and words reveal the nature of their
relationship.
Change the relationship over time: Relationships are dynamic and they should evolve
throughout the course of the story.
 Character Development
How to use character arcs to drive the story forward
A character arc is a journey of personal growth or change that a character takes over
the course of a story. Character arcs are essential for driving the story forward and
making it relatable to the audience.
There are a few things you can do to create a compelling character arc:
Start with a clear goal: What does the character want to achieve?
Give the character obstacles to overcome: The character's goal should not be easy
to achieve. They should be faced with obstacles that force them to grow and change.
Show the character's transformation: Let the audience see how the character
changes over time.
Make the character's transformation meaningful: The character's transformation
should have a significant impact on the story and the other characters.
 Character Development
How to use character archetypes to create relatable and engaging characters
Character archetypes are common patterns of character that are found in many
different stories. They can be a helpful tool for creating relatable and engaging
characters.
There are a few things to keep in mind when using character archetypes:
Avoid stereotypes: Archetypes should not be used to create one-dimensional
characters.
Give your characters unique twists: Make your characters unique and original by
giving them their own personalities, motivations, and backstories.
Use archetypes to explore universal themes: Archetypes can be a helpful tool for
exploring universal themes such as love, loss, revenge, and redemption.
 Scene
Breakdown
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 Scene Breakdown
How to break down a scene into its component parts
Breaking down a scene into its component parts is an essential step in the storyboarding process. It helps
you to identify the key elements of the scene and to understand how they fit together to create a
cohesive and effective narrative.
The following are the key component parts of a scene:
Setting: The setting is the time and place where the scene takes place. It can be used to create
mood, atmosphere, and a sense of realism.
Characters: The characters are the people or creatures who are involved in the scene. They are the
driving force of the story, and their actions and interactions will determine the outcome of the scene.
Dialogue: The dialogue is the spoken words of the characters. It can be used to convey information,
to reveal character traits, and to create conflict or resolution.
Actions: The actions are the physical movements of the characters. They can be used to create
suspense, excitement, or humor.
Emotional Arc: The emotional arc is the emotional journey that the characters take throughout the
scene. It can be used to create depth, relatability, and a sense of connection with the audience.
 Scene Breakdown
How to identify the key actions and beats of a scene
The key actions and beats of a scene are the most important moments that drive
the story forward. They are the moments that create suspense, excitement, or
humor.
To identify the key actions and beats of a scene, ask yourself the following
questions:
What is the purpose of the scene?
What is the conflict or problem in the scene?
How does the scene end?
What are the most important moments that happen in the scene?
 Scene Breakdown
How to visualize the emotional arc of a scene
The emotional arc of a scene is the emotional journey that the characters take
throughout the scene. It can be used to create depth, relatability, and a sense of
connection with the audience.
To visualize the emotional arc of a scene, create a graph that shows the characters'
emotions over time. The graph should start with the characters' initial emotions and end
with their final emotions.
How to use pacing and timing to create suspense and tension
Pacing and timing are essential for creating suspense and tension in a scene. Pacing
refers to the speed at which the events of the scene unfold. Timing refers to the length
of time that each shot or scene lasts.
To create suspense, use a slow pace and long shots. To create tension, use a fast pace
and short shots.
 Scene Breakdown
How to use conflict and resolution to drive the story forward
Conflict is essential for driving the story forward. It is the struggle between the
characters or between the characters and their environment.
Resolution is the way that the conflict is resolved. It is the way that the story is
brought to a satisfying conclusion.
To use conflict and resolution effectively, make sure that the conflict is clear,
that the resolution is satisfying, and that the resolution has a significant impact
on the story and the characters.
Sequencing and
Pacing
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 Sequencing and Pacing
How to sequence scenes in a way that is logical and engaging
The sequencing of scenes is the order in which the scenes in a story are presented to the
audience. It is an important aspect of storytelling, as it can affect the way that the
audience understands and experiences the story.
Here are some tips for sequencing scenes in a way that is logical and engaging:
Start with a clear understanding of the overall structure of the story. This will help you
to identify the key scenes and to determine the order in which they should be presented.
Consider the purpose of each scene. What is the scene trying to achieve? How does it
fit into the overall arc of the story?
Use transitions to smoothly move between scenes. Transitions can be used to create a
sense of flow and to prevent the story from feeling choppy or disjointed.
Use flashbacks and flash-forwards to reveal information or character backstory.
Flashbacks and flash-forwards can be a useful tool for adding depth and complexity to a
story.
 Sequencing and Pacing
How to use pacing to create suspense and excitement
Pacing is the speed at which the events of a story unfold. It is an important aspect
of storytelling, as it can affect the way that the audience feels about the story.
Here are some tips for using pacing to create suspense and excitement:
Use a slow pace to build suspense. When the pace is slow, the audience has
more time to absorb the information and to anticipate what is going to happen
next.
Use a fast pace to create excitement. When the pace is fast, the audience is
swept up in the action and is less likely to think about what is going to happen
next.
Vary the pace throughout the story. This will help to keep the audience engaged
and to create a sense of urgency.
 Sequencing and Pacing
How to use transitions to smoothly move between scenes
Transitions are a way of moving between scenes in a story. They can be used to
create a sense of flow and to prevent the story from feeling choppy or disjointed.
Here are some types of transitions that can be used:
Fades: Fades are transitions in which the image gradually fades to black or white.
Wipes: Wipes are transitions in which one image is wiped away to reveal another
image.
Irises: Irises are transitions in which the image gradually opens or closes from the
center.
Dissolves: Dissolves are transitions in which one image gradually dissolves into
another image.
 Sequencing and Pacing
How to use montage to condense time or convey a passage of time
Montage is a technique in which a series of short shots are edited
together to condense time or to convey a passage of time.
Here are some tips for using montage:
Use a variety of shots. This will help to keep the montage visually
interesting.
Use music to create a sense of mood and atmosphere.
Use sound effects to create a sense of realism.
 Sequencing and Pacing
How to use flashbacks and flash-forwards to reveal information or character
backstory
Flashbacks and flash-forwards are a way of revealing information or character
backstory.
Here are some tips for using flashbacks and flash-forwards:
Use flashbacks to reveal important events that happened in the past.
Use flash-forwards to reveal events that will happen in the future.
Make sure that the flashbacks and flash-forwards are relevant to the story.
Use transitions to clearly indicate when the story is moving between the
present, the past, and the future.
Tips for Creating
Effective
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 Tips for Creating Effective

Storyboards Whether you're

creating a film, animation, or
marketing video, storyboarding can
help you plan and organize your ideas
ahead of time. Follow these tips for a
successful storyboard.
 The Benefits of Using
Storyboards
1 Visualize your ideas Storyboarding
allows you to see your ideas come to
life on paper before you start
production.
2 Collaborate with your team Sharing
your storyboard with your team can
help you improve your ideas and get
feedback before production.
3 Save time and money Creating a
storyboard can help you identify
potential issues and fix them before
you waste time and money on
production
 Best Practices for Creating
Storyboards
Keep it simple Focus on the key
elements of your story and avoid
getting bogged down in details.
Use detailed descriptions Provide
clear and concise descriptions of
each scene to ensure everyone
understands the vision.
Use visuals Include images to help
convey the look and feel of each
scene.
 The Key Elements of a Storyboard
Template Use a storyboard template
with clear panels and space for
descriptions.
Characters Sketch the main
characters and define their actions
and expressions in each scene.
Camera angles and movement Use
arrows to show camera movements
and shots to create a dynamic visual
experience. Props and settings Include
props and settings that are essential
to tell the story and set the mood.
 Common Mistakes to Avoid in
Storyboarding
Overcomplicating the story Keep your
narrative simple and focused to avoid confusion.
No reference materials Without using other
reference materials for inspiration, your
storyboard may feel bland. Ignoring feedback
Feedback from others can help improve your
storyboard, so listen attentively to it. Focusing
only on visuals Don't forget that a storyboard
is also about the narrative and dialogue
 Collaboration and Feedback in
the Storyboard Process
1 Pre-production Share your storyboard
with others in your team to get their input
and ideas.
2 Production Continuously scan your
storyboard for potential issues and errors.
3 Post-production Review your storyboard
after production to learn from it and
refine your process for the next project
 Conclusion and Final Tips for
Effective Storyboarding
1 Main point of the story Identify and focus
on the main point of your story.
2 Keep it concise Stay focused on key events
and avoid excessive details.
3 Craft good descriptions Create clear and
concise scene descriptions that tell the story.
4 Visualize your story Include images that
visualize your narrative and help keep the
storyboard interesting
Perspective Drawing
Techniques
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 One-Point Perspective

One-point perspective is a drawing technique

that uses a single vanishing point to create the
illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface.
It is a simple and versatile technique that can
be used to draw a wide variety of subjects,
from simple objects to complex landscapes.
 One-Point Perspective
Here are the steps on how to draw using one-point perspective:
1. Draw a horizon line: The horizon line is the line where the sky and the ground meet. It is
also the line that the vanishing point will be located on.
2. Choose a vanishing point: The vanishing point is the point on the horizon line where all
parallel lines converge. Choose a vanishing point that is near the center of the drawing for a
more balanced composition.
3. Draw parallel lines: Draw all parallel lines so that they converge at the vanishing point. For
example, if you are drawing a road, the road should get narrower as it gets closer to the
vanishing point.
4. Add details: Once you have drawn the basic structure of your drawing, you can add
details such as buildings, trees, and people. Just be sure to draw all of the details using one-
point perspective.
 One-Point Perspective

Here are some tips for drawing using one-point perspective:

Use a ruler to draw straight lines. This will help to keep your lines clean and accurate.
Use a light source to create shadows. Shadows can help to add depth and realism to
your drawing.
Use a variety of line weights. Thicker lines can be used to emphasize important elements
in your drawing.
Experiment with different vanishing points. The vanishing point can be moved to different
locations on the horizon line to create different effects.
 Two-Point Perspective

Two-point perspective is a drawing technique

that uses two vanishing points to create the
illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface.
It is a more complex technique than one-point
perspective, but it can be used to create more
realistic and detailed drawings.
 Two-point perspective
Here are the steps on how to draw using two-point perspective:
1.Draw a horizon line: The horizon line is the line where the sky and the ground meet. It is
also the line that the vanishing points will be located on.
2.Choose two vanishing points: The vanishing points are the points on the horizon line where
all parallel lines converge. Choose two vanishing points that are far apart from each other
for a more dramatic perspective.
3.Draw parallel lines: Draw all parallel lines so that they converge at one of the vanishing
points. For example, if you are drawing a road, the road should get narrower as it gets
closer to one of the vanishing points.
4.Draw a diagonal line: Draw a diagonal line that connects the two vanishing points. This line
will help you to align your objects correctly.
5.Add details: Once you have drawn the basic structure of your drawing, you can add
details such as buildings, trees, and people. Just be sure to draw all of the details using
two-point perspective.
 Two-point perspective
Here are some tips for drawing using two-point perspective:
Use a ruler to draw straight lines. This will help to keep your lines clean and accurate.
Use a light source to create shadows. Shadows can help to add depth and realism to your
drawing.
Use a variety of line weights. Thicker lines can be used to emphasize important elements in
your drawing.
Experiment with different vanishing points. The vanishing points can be moved to different
locations on the horizon line to create different effects.
Two-point perspective is a great way to create realistic and detailed drawings. With practice,
you can use this technique to draw a wide variety of subjects.
 Three-Point Perspective

Three-point perspective is a drawing technique

that uses three vanishing points to create the
illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface.
It is the most complex perspective technique,
but it can be used to create the most realistic
and detailed drawings.
 Three-Point Perspective
Here are the steps on how to draw using three-point perspective:
1.Draw a horizon line: The horizon line is the line where the sky and the ground meet. It
is also the line that the vanishing points will be located on.
2.Choose three vanishing points: The vanishing points are the points on the horizon line
where all parallel lines converge. Choose three vanishing points that are far apart from
each other for a more dramatic perspective.
3.Draw parallel lines: Draw all parallel lines so that they converge at one of the vanishing
points. For example, if you are drawing a road, the road should get narrower as it
gets closer to one of the vanishing points.
4.Draw diagonal lines: Draw diagonal lines that connect the three vanishing points. These
lines will help you to align your objects correctly.
5.Add details: Once you have drawn the basic structure of your drawing, you can add
details such as buildings, trees, and people. Just be sure to draw all of the details using
three-point perspective.
 Three-Point Perspective
Here are some tips for drawing using three-point perspective:
Use a ruler to draw straight lines. This will help to keep your lines clean and
accurate.
Use a light source to create shadows. Shadows can help to add depth and
realism to your drawing.
Use a variety of line weights. Thicker lines can be used to emphasize important
elements in your drawing.
Experiment with different vanishing points. The vanishing points can be moved to
different locations on the horizon line to create different effects.
Three-point perspective is a great way to create realistic and detailed drawings.
With practice, you can use this technique to draw a wide variety of subjects.
The Golden Ratio in
Art
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 The Golden Ratio in Art

The golden ratio, also known as the

divine proportion, is a mathematical
ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1. It has
been used for centuries in art,
architecture, and design to create
aesthetically pleasing compositions. The
ratio is often used to create a sense of
balance, harmony, and proportion.
 The Golden Ratio in Art
How the golden ratio is used in art
There are many ways to use the golden ratio in art. Some common methods include:
Dividing the canvas into rectangles that are in the golden ratio. This can help
to create a sense of balance and proportion in the composition.
Placing the main subject of the artwork along the golden spiral. The golden
spiral is a logarithmic spiral that approximates the golden ratio. It is often
found in nature, and it can be used to create a sense of movement and
dynamism in artwork.
Using the golden ratio to determine the proportions of individual elements in the
artwork. For example, the ratio can be used to determine the length of a
brushstroke, the size of a shape, or the spacing between elements.
 The Golden Ratio in Art
Examples of the golden ratio in art
The golden ratio can be found in many famous works of art. Some examples include:
The Parthenon: The Parthenon is a temple on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece.
It is considered to be one of the most perfect examples of classical
architecture. The proportions of the Parthenon are based on the golden ratio.
The Mona Lisa: The Mona Lisa is a painting by Leonardo da Vinci. It is one of
the most famous paintings in the world. The composition of the Mona Lisa is
based on the golden ratio.
The Starry Night: The Starry Night is a painting by Vincent van Gogh. It is
one of the most famous paintings of the Post-Impressionist movement. The
composition of The Starry Night is based on the golden ratio.
 The Golden Ratio in Art
The benefits of using the golden ratio in art
There are many benefits to using the golden ratio in art. Some of the benefits
include:
Creating a sense of balance and harmony. The golden ratio is a natural and
pleasing proportion, and it can help to create a sense of balance and harmony in
a composition.
Making the artwork more visually appealing. The golden ratio is often considered
to be aesthetically pleasing, and it can make an artwork more visually appealing
to viewers.
Creating a sense of movement and dynamism. The golden spiral can be used to
create a sense of movement and dynamism in artwork.
Introduction to
Sketching
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
BY JOEL
 Introduction to Sketching
Sketching is the foundation of
visual communication and is
essential for artists, designers,
and anyone who wants to
express themselves visually. It is
a quick and versatile way to
capture ideas, explore concepts,
and develop compositions.
Sketching can also be used to
record observations, document
experiences, and simply for the
joy of creating.
Basic principles of sketching
proportion, perspective, and shading
 Basic principles of sketching
There are three basic principles of sketching that are
essential for creating accurate and realistic drawings:
Proportion refers to the relative sizes of different
objects in a scene. When objects are in proportion, they
look natural and balanced.
Perspective is the way that objects appear to get smaller
as they get farther away. Understanding perspective is
essential for creating drawings that have a sense of
depth and realism.
Shading is the use of variations in darkness and lightness
to create the illusion of three-dimensionality. Shading can
be used to add depth, form, and texture to sketches.
Perspective Drawing
Techniques
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 One-Point Perspective

One-point perspective is a drawing technique

that uses a single vanishing point to create the
illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface.
It is a simple and versatile technique that can
be used to draw a wide variety of subjects,
from simple objects to complex landscapes.
 One-Point Perspective
Here are the steps on how to draw using one-point perspective:
1. Draw a horizon line: The horizon line is the line where the sky and the ground meet. It is
also the line that the vanishing point will be located on.
2. Choose a vanishing point: The vanishing point is the point on the horizon line where all
parallel lines converge. Choose a vanishing point that is near the center of the drawing for a
more balanced composition.
3. Draw parallel lines: Draw all parallel lines so that they converge at the vanishing point. For
example, if you are drawing a road, the road should get narrower as it gets closer to the
vanishing point.
4. Add details: Once you have drawn the basic structure of your drawing, you can add
details such as buildings, trees, and people. Just be sure to draw all of the details using one-
point perspective.
 One-Point Perspective

Here are some tips for drawing using one-point perspective:

Use a ruler to draw straight lines. This will help to keep your lines clean and accurate.
Use a light source to create shadows. Shadows can help to add depth and realism to
your drawing.
Use a variety of line weights. Thicker lines can be used to emphasize important elements
in your drawing.
Experiment with different vanishing points. The vanishing point can be moved to different
locations on the horizon line to create different effects.
 Two-Point Perspective

Two-point perspective is a drawing technique

that uses two vanishing points to create the
illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface.
It is a more complex technique than one-point
perspective, but it can be used to create more
realistic and detailed drawings.
 Two-point perspective
Here are the steps on how to draw using two-point perspective:
1.Draw a horizon line: The horizon line is the line where the sky and the ground meet. It is
also the line that the vanishing points will be located on.
2.Choose two vanishing points: The vanishing points are the points on the horizon line where
all parallel lines converge. Choose two vanishing points that are far apart from each other
for a more dramatic perspective.
3.Draw parallel lines: Draw all parallel lines so that they converge at one of the vanishing
points. For example, if you are drawing a road, the road should get narrower as it gets
closer to one of the vanishing points.
4.Draw a diagonal line: Draw a diagonal line that connects the two vanishing points. This line
will help you to align your objects correctly.
5.Add details: Once you have drawn the basic structure of your drawing, you can add
details such as buildings, trees, and people. Just be sure to draw all of the details using
two-point perspective.
 Two-point perspective
Here are some tips for drawing using two-point perspective:
Use a ruler to draw straight lines. This will help to keep your lines clean and accurate.
Use a light source to create shadows. Shadows can help to add depth and realism to your
drawing.
Use a variety of line weights. Thicker lines can be used to emphasize important elements in
your drawing.
Experiment with different vanishing points. The vanishing points can be moved to different
locations on the horizon line to create different effects.
Two-point perspective is a great way to create realistic and detailed drawings. With practice,
you can use this technique to draw a wide variety of subjects.
 Three-Point Perspective

Three-point perspective is a drawing technique

that uses three vanishing points to create the
illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface.
It is the most complex perspective technique,
but it can be used to create the most realistic
and detailed drawings.
 Three-Point Perspective
Here are the steps on how to draw using three-point perspective:
1.Draw a horizon line: The horizon line is the line where the sky and the ground meet. It
is also the line that the vanishing points will be located on.
2.Choose three vanishing points: The vanishing points are the points on the horizon line
where all parallel lines converge. Choose three vanishing points that are far apart from
each other for a more dramatic perspective.
3.Draw parallel lines: Draw all parallel lines so that they converge at one of the vanishing
points. For example, if you are drawing a road, the road should get narrower as it
gets closer to one of the vanishing points.
4.Draw diagonal lines: Draw diagonal lines that connect the three vanishing points. These
lines will help you to align your objects correctly.
5.Add details: Once you have drawn the basic structure of your drawing, you can add
details such as buildings, trees, and people. Just be sure to draw all of the details using
three-point perspective.
 Three-Point Perspective
Here are some tips for drawing using three-point perspective:
Use a ruler to draw straight lines. This will help to keep your lines clean and
accurate.
Use a light source to create shadows. Shadows can help to add depth and
realism to your drawing.
Use a variety of line weights. Thicker lines can be used to emphasize important
elements in your drawing.
Experiment with different vanishing points. The vanishing points can be moved to
different locations on the horizon line to create different effects.
Three-point perspective is a great way to create realistic and detailed drawings.
With practice, you can use this technique to draw a wide variety of subjects.
The Golden Ratio in
Art
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 The Golden Ratio in Art

The golden ratio, also known as the

divine proportion, is a mathematical
ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1. It has
been used for centuries in art,
architecture, and design to create
aesthetically pleasing compositions. The
ratio is often used to create a sense of
balance, harmony, and proportion.
 The Golden Ratio in Art
How the golden ratio is used in art
There are many ways to use the golden ratio in art. Some common methods include:
Dividing the canvas into rectangles that are in the golden ratio. This can help
to create a sense of balance and proportion in the composition.
Placing the main subject of the artwork along the golden spiral. The golden
spiral is a logarithmic spiral that approximates the golden ratio. It is often
found in nature, and it can be used to create a sense of movement and
dynamism in artwork.
Using the golden ratio to determine the proportions of individual elements in the
artwork. For example, the ratio can be used to determine the length of a
brushstroke, the size of a shape, or the spacing between elements.
 The Golden Ratio in Art
Examples of the golden ratio in art
The golden ratio can be found in many famous works of art. Some examples include:
The Parthenon: The Parthenon is a temple on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece.
It is considered to be one of the most perfect examples of classical
architecture. The proportions of the Parthenon are based on the golden ratio.
The Mona Lisa: The Mona Lisa is a painting by Leonardo da Vinci. It is one of
the most famous paintings in the world. The composition of the Mona Lisa is
based on the golden ratio.
The Starry Night: The Starry Night is a painting by Vincent van Gogh. It is
one of the most famous paintings of the Post-Impressionist movement. The
composition of The Starry Night is based on the golden ratio.
 The Golden Ratio in Art
The benefits of using the golden ratio in art
There are many benefits to using the golden ratio in art. Some of the benefits
include:
Creating a sense of balance and harmony. The golden ratio is a natural and
pleasing proportion, and it can help to create a sense of balance and harmony in
a composition.
Making the artwork more visually appealing. The golden ratio is often considered
to be aesthetically pleasing, and it can make an artwork more visually appealing
to viewers.
Creating a sense of movement and dynamism. The golden spiral can be used to
create a sense of movement and dynamism in artwork.
Materials

Pencils Ink Pens Charcoal

Choose from a range of Experiment with different nib Create bold and expressive
graphite pencils to achieve a sizes and types to create line sketches using soft or hard
variety of tones and textures. variation in your sketches. charcoal sticks.
Techniques
The Grid Method
Gestural Drawing
Use a grid to break down your reference
Use quick, energetic strokes to capture the
image into smaller, more manageable
essence of your subject in a few lines.
sections for sketching.

Blind Contour Drawing

Draw your subject without looking at your Cross-Contour Drawing
paper for a fun and challenging sketching Use curved lines to create volume and
exercise. texture in your sketches.
 Drawing Basic
Shapes
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 Drawing Basic Shapes

Drawing Basic Shapes In this

lesson, we'll cover the
fundamentals of sketching basic
shapes. Learn how to understand
structure, master perspective and
shading techniques, and create
dimension in your sketches.
Exploring Still Life
Sketches
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 Mastering Shape and
Proportions
1 Analyze and Sketch Closely observe the
objects in your still life and sketch their
basic shapes.
2 Precision Matters Pay attention to
proportions and capture the unique
characteristics of each object.
3 Highlight Details Zoom in on interesting
textures and intricate details to make
your sketches more captivating
 Mastering Shape and
Proportions
Enhancing Your Sketches with Shading Techniques Value Contrast
Experiment with light and dark tones to create depth and dimension in your
sketches.
Gradation Blend shades seamlessly to achieve smooth transitions and
realistic forms.
Highlight and Shadow Use strategic shading to emphasize the objects'
form and create a sense of threedimensionalit
 Capturing Human Figures: A
Comprehensive Guide

Join us for an in-depth exploration of the human form! This week, we'll cover
the basics of human anatomy, practice gesture drawing, and discover
techniques for creating depth and dimension in your figure sketches.
 Character
Development
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 Character Development
How to create visually appealing and memorable characters
Visually appealing and memorable characters are essential for any story. They are the
ones that will stay with the audience long after the story is over.
There are a few things you can do to create visually appealing and memorable
characters:
Start with a strong foundation: Make sure your characters have a well-developed
backstory, personality, and motivations.
Use your characters' appearance to tell a story: Their clothing, hairstyle, and
accessories can all reveal clues about their personality and background.
Use body language and facial expressions to convey emotion: A character's body
language and facial expressions can tell the audience a lot about what they are
feeling, even if they don't say a word.
Make your characters unique and original: Avoid creating characters that are
stereotypes or clichés.
 Character Development
How to use body language, facial expressions, and clothing to convey character traits
Body language, facial expressions, and clothing can all be used to convey character traits.
For example:
A character who is nervous or anxious may fidget, avoid eye contact, or have a
hunched posture.
A character who is angry may clench their fists, scowl, or speak in a loud voice.
A character who is confident may stand with good posture, make eye contact, and
speak in a clear, steady voice.
A character who is wealthy may wear expensive clothing and jewelry.
A character who is rebellious may wear clothes that are considered to be
unconventional or alternative.
 Character Development
How to develop relationships between characters
Relationships between characters are one of the most important aspects of any story.
They can be the source of conflict, resolution, and humor.
There are a few things you can do to develop relationships between characters:
Start by establishing the basic relationship between the characters: Are they friends,
enemies, lovers, or something else?
Develop the characters' history together: What have they been through together?
How have they influenced each other?
Show, don't tell: Let the characters' actions and words reveal the nature of their
relationship.
Change the relationship over time: Relationships are dynamic and they should evolve
throughout the course of the story.
 Character Development
How to use character arcs to drive the story forward
A character arc is a journey of personal growth or change that a character takes over
the course of a story. Character arcs are essential for driving the story forward and
making it relatable to the audience.
There are a few things you can do to create a compelling character arc:
Start with a clear goal: What does the character want to achieve?
Give the character obstacles to overcome: The character's goal should not be easy
to achieve. They should be faced with obstacles that force them to grow and change.
Show the character's transformation: Let the audience see how the character
changes over time.
Make the character's transformation meaningful: The character's transformation
should have a significant impact on the story and the other characters.
 Character Development
How to use character archetypes to create relatable and engaging characters
Character archetypes are common patterns of character that are found in many
different stories. They can be a helpful tool for creating relatable and engaging
characters.
There are a few things to keep in mind when using character archetypes:
Avoid stereotypes: Archetypes should not be used to create one-dimensional
characters.
Give your characters unique twists: Make your characters unique and original by
giving them their own personalities, motivations, and backstories.
Use archetypes to explore universal themes: Archetypes can be a helpful tool for
exploring universal themes such as love, loss, revenge, and redemption.
 Scene
Breakdown
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 Scene Breakdown
How to break down a scene into its component parts
Breaking down a scene into its component parts is an essential step in the storyboarding process. It helps
you to identify the key elements of the scene and to understand how they fit together to create a
cohesive and effective narrative.
The following are the key component parts of a scene:
Setting: The setting is the time and place where the scene takes place. It can be used to create
mood, atmosphere, and a sense of realism.
Characters: The characters are the people or creatures who are involved in the scene. They are the
driving force of the story, and their actions and interactions will determine the outcome of the scene.
Dialogue: The dialogue is the spoken words of the characters. It can be used to convey information,
to reveal character traits, and to create conflict or resolution.
Actions: The actions are the physical movements of the characters. They can be used to create
suspense, excitement, or humor.
Emotional Arc: The emotional arc is the emotional journey that the characters take throughout the
scene. It can be used to create depth, relatability, and a sense of connection with the audience.
 Scene Breakdown
How to identify the key actions and beats of a scene
The key actions and beats of a scene are the most important moments that drive
the story forward. They are the moments that create suspense, excitement, or
humor.
To identify the key actions and beats of a scene, ask yourself the following
questions:
What is the purpose of the scene?
What is the conflict or problem in the scene?
How does the scene end?
What are the most important moments that happen in the scene?
 Scene Breakdown
How to visualize the emotional arc of a scene
The emotional arc of a scene is the emotional journey that the characters take
throughout the scene. It can be used to create depth, relatability, and a sense of
connection with the audience.
To visualize the emotional arc of a scene, create a graph that shows the characters'
emotions over time. The graph should start with the characters' initial emotions and end
with their final emotions.
How to use pacing and timing to create suspense and tension
Pacing and timing are essential for creating suspense and tension in a scene. Pacing
refers to the speed at which the events of the scene unfold. Timing refers to the length
of time that each shot or scene lasts.
To create suspense, use a slow pace and long shots. To create tension, use a fast pace
and short shots.
 Scene Breakdown
How to use conflict and resolution to drive the story forward
Conflict is essential for driving the story forward. It is the struggle between the
characters or between the characters and their environment.
Resolution is the way that the conflict is resolved. It is the way that the story is
brought to a satisfying conclusion.
To use conflict and resolution effectively, make sure that the conflict is clear,
that the resolution is satisfying, and that the resolution has a significant impact
on the story and the characters.
Sequencing and
Pacing
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 Sequencing and Pacing
How to sequence scenes in a way that is logical and engaging
The sequencing of scenes is the order in which the scenes in a story are presented to the
audience. It is an important aspect of storytelling, as it can affect the way that the
audience understands and experiences the story.
Here are some tips for sequencing scenes in a way that is logical and engaging:
Start with a clear understanding of the overall structure of the story. This will help you
to identify the key scenes and to determine the order in which they should be presented.
Consider the purpose of each scene. What is the scene trying to achieve? How does it
fit into the overall arc of the story?
Use transitions to smoothly move between scenes. Transitions can be used to create a
sense of flow and to prevent the story from feeling choppy or disjointed.
Use flashbacks and flash-forwards to reveal information or character backstory.
Flashbacks and flash-forwards can be a useful tool for adding depth and complexity to a
story.
 Sequencing and Pacing
How to use pacing to create suspense and excitement
Pacing is the speed at which the events of a story unfold. It is an important aspect
of storytelling, as it can affect the way that the audience feels about the story.
Here are some tips for using pacing to create suspense and excitement:
Use a slow pace to build suspense. When the pace is slow, the audience has
more time to absorb the information and to anticipate what is going to happen
next.
Use a fast pace to create excitement. When the pace is fast, the audience is
swept up in the action and is less likely to think about what is going to happen
next.
Vary the pace throughout the story. This will help to keep the audience engaged
and to create a sense of urgency.
 Sequencing and Pacing
How to use transitions to smoothly move between scenes
Transitions are a way of moving between scenes in a story. They can be used to
create a sense of flow and to prevent the story from feeling choppy or disjointed.
Here are some types of transitions that can be used:
Fades: Fades are transitions in which the image gradually fades to black or white.
Wipes: Wipes are transitions in which one image is wiped away to reveal another
image.
Irises: Irises are transitions in which the image gradually opens or closes from the
center.
Dissolves: Dissolves are transitions in which one image gradually dissolves into
another image.
 Sequencing and Pacing
How to use montage to condense time or convey a passage of time
Montage is a technique in which a series of short shots are edited
together to condense time or to convey a passage of time.
Here are some tips for using montage:
Use a variety of shots. This will help to keep the montage visually
interesting.
Use music to create a sense of mood and atmosphere.
Use sound effects to create a sense of realism.
 Sequencing and Pacing
How to use flashbacks and flash-forwards to reveal information or character
backstory
Flashbacks and flash-forwards are a way of revealing information or character
backstory.
Here are some tips for using flashbacks and flash-forwards:
Use flashbacks to reveal important events that happened in the past.
Use flash-forwards to reveal events that will happen in the future.
Make sure that the flashbacks and flash-forwards are relevant to the story.
Use transitions to clearly indicate when the story is moving between the
present, the past, and the future.
Tips for Creating
Effective
A clear step-by-step process for
creating incredible ideas.
 Tips for Creating Effective

Storyboards Whether you're

creating a film, animation, or
marketing video, storyboarding can
help you plan and organize your ideas
ahead of time. Follow these tips for a
successful storyboard.
 The Benefits of Using
Storyboards
1 Visualize your ideas Storyboarding
allows you to see your ideas come to
life on paper before you start
production.
2 Collaborate with your team Sharing
your storyboard with your team can
help you improve your ideas and get
feedback before production.
3 Save time and money Creating a
storyboard can help you identify
potential issues and fix them before
you waste time and money on
production
 Best Practices for Creating
Storyboards
Keep it simple Focus on the key
elements of your story and avoid
getting bogged down in details.
Use detailed descriptions Provide
clear and concise descriptions of
each scene to ensure everyone
understands the vision.
Use visuals Include images to help
convey the look and feel of each
scene.
 The Key Elements of a Storyboard
Template Use a storyboard template
with clear panels and space for
descriptions.
Characters Sketch the main
characters and define their actions
and expressions in each scene.
Camera angles and movement Use
arrows to show camera movements
and shots to create a dynamic visual
experience. Props and settings Include
props and settings that are essential
to tell the story and set the mood.
 Common Mistakes to Avoid in
Storyboarding
Overcomplicating the story Keep your
narrative simple and focused to avoid confusion.
No reference materials Without using other
reference materials for inspiration, your
storyboard may feel bland. Ignoring feedback
Feedback from others can help improve your
storyboard, so listen attentively to it. Focusing
only on visuals Don't forget that a storyboard
is also about the narrative and dialogue
 Collaboration and Feedback in
the Storyboard Process
1 Pre-production Share your storyboard
with others in your team to get their input
and ideas.
2 Production Continuously scan your
storyboard for potential issues and errors.
3 Post-production Review your storyboard
after production to learn from it and
refine your process for the next project
 Conclusion and Final Tips for
Effective Storyboarding
1 Main point of the story Identify and focus
on the main point of your story.
2 Keep it concise Stay focused on key events
and avoid excessive details.
3 Craft good descriptions Create clear and
concise scene descriptions that tell the story.
4 Visualize your story Include images that
visualize your narrative and help keep the
storyboard interesting