Name ______________________

Chapter 5 review
4 ​
1. Let f (x) = x − 2 and g(x) =
​ . Which of the following is defined as a real number?
2x − 6
A) f (g(3)) 

B) g(f (11)) 

C) g(f (2)) 

D) f (g(5)) 

2. The graph of a function f is shown on the interval [−7, 5]. Let g(x) = 5x + 8. 
a. Find f (g(−1).  6
y 5
4
3

b. Find g(f (−3). 

2
1

-8-7
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1 x
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6

3. The function f is given by f (x) = x2 and g is a linear function. Let h(x) = g(f (x)) . Values of h(x) for
selected values of x are given in the table. Find g(8) .
x ​ 1 ​ 2 ​ 5 ​ 8 ​ 12 ​ ​
 
h(x) −6.5 −5 5.5 25 65
4. You are going on a week-long vacation and plan to drive your destination which is 650 miles away.
d​
Let C(g) = 3.50g represent the cost of buying g gallons of gas, and let N (d) = represent the
20
number of gallons of gas you need to travel d miles.

a. Find C(N (800)) and interpret your answer in context of this problem.

b. Write an equation that gives the cost C , of driving d miles. Explain why this can be considered a
composition.

c. What is the minimum number of dollars you will spend for gas on your trip?

5. If h(g(x)) = 2x + 5 , find a possible expression for h(x) and g(x). 

​

6. Let f (x) = 4 − 2x2 and g(x) = x + 3. 

a. Find f (g(−1)). 

b. Write an expression for f (g(x)). 

c. Find g(f (1)). 

d. Write an expression for g(f (x)). 

7. The function b = f (d) represents the number of bags of dog food needed, b , to feed d medium-sized
dogs for a month at the animal shelter. Interpret the meaning of the statement f −1 (12) = 10. 
8. The complete graph of a function y = f (x) is shown on the xy -plane. A table of selected values is
given for a different function g .
x ​ −2 ​ −1 ​ 0 ​ 1 ​ 5 ​ 7 ​ 10 ​ ​
 
g(x) 10 0 −3 4 2 6 −8
a. Find f (g(7)) .
y 4

b. Find f −1 (−3) . 1

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-1 x
-2

-3

-4

-5

9. A sink is filled with 54 quarts of water. The function q = f (t) = 54 − 2.5t gives the volume of water in
a sink, in quarts, t seconds after removing the stopper.

a. Find f −1 . 

b. What does the input of f −1 represent? What does the output of f −1 represent?

c. How long will it take for the sink to drain completely?

d. How long will it take for the sink to lose one third of its water?
10. The graph of a function h is shown. Graph the inverse of h on the blank coordinate grid.

-5 0 5
x

-5

-5 0 5
x

-5

1​
11. Explain how you could restrict the domain of f (x) = so that it is a one-to-one function.
x2

12. F (s) gives the rate at which fuel is being used in gallons per minute for a vehicle traveling s miles per
hour. Slow speeds and fast speeds use more fuel per minute than moderate speeds. Is F a one-to-one
function? Explain.
13. Let b = f (z) = z 2 + 3; z ≤ 0 

a. Write an equation for f −1 .

b. Find the domain and range of f −1 .

14. A table of selected values is given for a one-to-one function f . At x = 2 , f has a vertical
asymptote.
x f (x)
−4 5
−2 ​ 0
 ​ ​  
0 2
2 undefined
4 −4

a. What is the y -intercept of f −1 ?

b. Write the equation for the horizontal asymptote of f −1 . 

15. Let f (x) = 1 + 3x − 6. Find the domain and range of f −1 . Is it possible to do this without finding the
​

expression for f −1 ? Explain.

 −x + 2 ​
16. The graph of f (x) = is shown. Give the domain and range of f −1 . 
x−5
10
y
8

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
-2 x
-4

-6

-8
-10

1​
17. Evaluate log2 ​
.
32

18. Evaluate log49 7 . ​

19. Jimmy has $2 in his piggy bank. He finds a genie who will grant him a wish. Jimmy wishes that his money
would triple every week. Write, but do not evaluate, a logarithmic expression that can be used to
determine the week in which Jimmy becomes a millionaire.

20. There are 22 lily pads in a pond and this number doubles every week. Write, but do not evaluate, a
logarithmic expression that can be used to determine the week in which the lily pad population reaches
400 .
 1​
21. Find a value for a that makes the expression log16 a = ​
a true statement.
2
A) a = 4 


B) a = 8 

C) a = 32 

D) No value exists for a to make this statement true

22. Selected values of a function w are given in the table. Which statements best describes w ?
x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2
 ​
1 ​ 1​ ​ 1​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 
w(x) − ​ − ​ 1 −3 9
27 9 3
A) w is exponential because as inputs change additively, outputs change multiplicatively.

B) w is exponential because as inputs change multiplicatively, outputs change additively.

C) w is logarithmic because as inputs change additively, outputs change multiplicatively.

D) w is logarithmic because as inputs change multiplicatively, outputs change additively.

23. Selected values of a function m are given in the table. Which statements best describes m ?
1​ 1 ​ 1 ​
x 125 ​ 5
 ​ ​
5 125
​
3125 ​ ​ 
m(x) −3 −1 1 3 5

A) m is exponential because as inputs change additively, outputs change multiplicatively.

B) m is exponential because as inputs change multiplicatively, outputs change additively.

C) m is logarithmic because as inputs change multiplicatively, outputs change additively.

D) m is logarithmic because as inputs change additively, outputs change multiplicatively.

24. What value of b makes the expression logb 8 = 3 a true statement? ​

8​
A) b = − 
3

B) b = 24 

C) b = 83 

D) b = 2 

25. Rewrite the following exponential equations in logarithmic form.

a. 63 = 216 

b. 3−4 = 1  ​

81

c. 160.75 = 8 

d. 10 3 = 3 10
1​

e. x5 = y 

f. e2 ≈ 7.389 

26. Complete the table of selected values for the exponential function f . 
x 1 −1 ​ 2
 ​
1​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 
f (x) = 5x 25 125 1
27. Determine if each logarithm is defined. If not, explain why not. If it is defined, determine if the
value is a whole number or not.
a. log3 12 
​

b. log3 (−9) 
​

c. log25 5 

1​
d. log4 ​

64

28. Selected values for a one-to-one function, g , are given in the table. What is g −1 (−5) ?
x ​ −5 −3 ​ −1 ​ 1 ​ 3 ​ 5 ​ ​
 
g(x) −8 −5 −1 0 2 5

A) −8 

B) −3 

C) 5 

D) 8 

1​
29. Let f (x) = x + 2. 
4
a. Find f −1 . 

b. Use compositions to verify that f and f −1 are in fact inverses.

30. The graph of a logarithmic function of the form f (x) = logb (x) contains the point (9, 1) . Which of the
​

following statements is true?

A) The range of f (x) is (0, 9) 

B) b = 9 

C) The domain of f (x) is (0, 9) 

D) b = 1  ​

31. Which of the following equations could represent the graph shown?

A) y = − log2 (x + 1)  ​
y

B) y = log2 (−x + 1)  ​

C) y = log2 (x − 1)  ​

x
D) y = ( 1 ) − 1  ​

2 x

32. Write an equation of a logarithmic function that passes through (−3, 1) and has a vertical asymptote at
x = −7 .
33. The graph of an exponential function is shown.
a. Write the equation of its inverse function. 5
y

-5 0 5 10 15
b. Sketch its inverse function on the same axes. x

-5

-10

-15

34. Which of the following graphs passes through the point (3, 1) ?

A) y = 3 log3 (x + 1) 
​

x​
B) y = log3 ( ) 
​

C) y = log3 (x + 3) 
​

D) y = log3 (x + 6) − 1
​
35. Which of the following graphs in the xy -plane could represent y = log6 (x − h) + k when h < 0 and k > 0
​

?
A)  y B)  y
10

10

-10 -5 0 5 10
x
-10 -5 0 5 10
x
-5

-5

-10

C)  y
5
D)  y
10

-5 0 5 10 15
x
-10 -5 0 5 10
x
-5
-5

-10 -10

36. Explain why the graphs of all logarithmic functions of the form y = logb x must pass through the points
​

(1, 0) and (b, 1) .

37. Let h(x) = log3 (x) − 1 .

​

a. Find the vertical asymptote of h . y

b. Find the x -intercept of h .

c. Sketch a graph of h .
38. Find the domain and range of f (x) = − log5 (x − 2) . ​

39. Condense 3 log2 a − 4 log2 b + 5 log2 c into one logarithm expression.

​ ​ ​

2
40. If log3 a = A log3 a + B log3 b + C log3 c , find A + B + C .
​ ​ ​ ​ ​
3 4b c

41. If log4 j 3 = k , what is log4 j ?

​ ​

42. Condense each logarithmic expression. Simplify when possible.

a. log5 5 + log2 x + 3 log2 y 
​ ​ ​

b. ln e2 − ln 1 

c. −3 log3 3 + 5 log3 x − log3 y 

​ ​ ​
43. Expand each logarithmic expression.

a. log2 (2x) 
​

a​
b. log4 ( ) 
​

bc

c. log(3xy −2 ) 

44. Consider the functions y = 5x and y = 25x 

a. Complete the table of values.

x 0 1 2 3 4
 y = 5 x ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

y = 25 x

b. Write an equation relating log5 k and log25 k . ​ ​

45. Write three logarithmic expressions that are equivalent to log 20 .

46. Solve for x . log4 x + log4 (x − 6) = 2 

​ ​

47. Complete the statements.

a. If 3x−23 = 27 , then x − 23 = _________.

b. If log7 (x3 + 3x2 − 1) = log7 99 , then x3 + 3x2 − 1 = _________.

​ ​
48. Which equation is created when solving 2 ln(x + 7) = 4 ?

A) x = e2 − 7 
4
B) x = e − 7 
​

C) x = 0.5(e7 + 4) 
4
D) x = e + 7  ​

49. Let f (x) = 9x and g(x) = log27 x . Let h(x) = g(f (x)) . Consider the equation h(x) = w for some constant
​

w . Find the solution of h(x) = w in terms of w .

1​
50. Explain why 3x +4 =
2
has no solution.
3

51. Solve for x .

3 log2 x − log2 x4 = 1 
​ ​

1​
52. Let h(x) = (10)x+4 − 3 . It is known that g is a function such that g(h(x)) = x . Write the equation for g(x)
2
.

53. Let h(x) = log6 (2x) − 4 . Let f be the function that "undoes" h . Write the equation for f (x) .
​
54. If ln(7x) = ln(x − 5) , then what other statement must be true?

A) e( x−5 ) = 1 
7x ​

B) ln ( 7x ) = 1 ​

x−5

C) 7x = x − 5 

D) ln(7x) = log(x − 5) 

55. Let log7 (3x − 8) = 2 . When solving for x , a reasonable next step would be to
​

A) Divide both sides by 7 

B) Multiply both sides by 7 

C) Add 8 to both sides

D) Write the equation 72 = 3x − 8 

56. Solve for x .

5 log7 x + log7 x3 = 16 
​ ​

57. Solve −7 + 2 log3 x ≥ −5  ​

58. Solve ex = 18 . Round to the nearest thousandth.

59. Solve −13 < 2 − 5 log2 x  ​

60. A new line of hand bags launched in 2005 . The table gives the number of pairs of shoes sold in the
years from 2005 to 2021 .
Year 2005 ​ 2008 ​ 2010 ​ 2014 ​ 2016 ​ 2019 ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​
 ​ 
Units sold (in thousands) 42 56 65 70 75 76 77 78

a. Describe how the number of pairs of shoes sold changed over time.

b. Use your calculator to generate a logarithmic regression model of the form f (x) = a + b ln x , where
f (x) gives the units sold (in thousands) of the new bag x years after 2004(2005 corresponds to x = 1) .

c. Based on the model, how many units are predicted to be sold in 2023 ? Round to the nearest unit.

61. Emil invested $500 in an account that earned interest which was compounded continuously. After 10
years, the account held $1000 . At what rate was his money earning interest? Round to the nearest tenth
percent.
62. Christie purchased a new refrigerator/freezer for her kitchen and plugged in the appliance at 10
am. The thermometer inside the freezer displayed the temperature as the freezer cooled to the
desired temperature. The temperature inside the freezer can be modeled by the function
F (t) = 75 − 12.5 ln(t + 1) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 360 minutes, where F is measured in degrees Fahrenheit.

a. What was the initial temperature inside the freezer (t = 0) ?

b. What was the temperature inside the freezer after 1 hour? Round to the nearest tenth.

c. Does the temperature inside the freezer decrease more significantly during the first two minutes of
cooling (0 ≤ t ≤ 2) or during the final two minutes (358 ≤ t ≤ 360) ?

d. Examine the graph of the function F and explain how it supports your answer to part c

e. Why do you think function F is an appropriate model for the temperature inside the freezer after t
minutes?

63. Charlotte invests L dollars into an account for which interest is compounded continuously at an interest
rate of 5.25% . How many years will it take for the account balance to double?

64. The temperature of a pizza, in degrees Fahrenheit, t minutes after it is removed from the oven can be
modeled by the function F where F (t) = 425(0.916)t . How many minutes will it take for the temperature
of the pizza to cool down to 100° Fahrenheit? Round to the nearest hundredth.
65. In 1985 , there were 285 cell phone subscribers in the small town of Centerville. The number of
subscribers increased by 75% per year after 1985 . Which of the following functions provides the best
model for the number of years after 1985, y, given the number of cell phone subscribers, x ?

A) An increasing exponential function

B) An increasing logarithmic function

C) A decreasing exponential function

D) A decreasing logarithmic function

66. A table of values for a function h is given below. If h(x) = a log3 (x) + b find the values of a and b .
​

x ​ 1 ​ 3 ​ 9 ​ 27 ​ ​
 
h(x) 4 6 8 10

67. The table gives values for ln f (x) for some function f . Which of the following statements best describes
f?
x ​ 2 ​ 4​ 6​ 8​ ​
 
ln f (x) 10 9 8 7

A) f is an exponential decay function.

B) f is an exponential growth function.

C) f is a linear function with a positive slope.

D) f is a linear function with a negative slope.

68. A table of some values for a function f , where g(x) = ln f (x) is shown. Which of the following
statements is true about the function g ?
x ​ 0 1​ 2​ 3 ​ 4 ​ ​
 
f (x) 1 3 9 27 81

A) g is an exponential function
because g has outputs
changing additively.

B) g is a linear function because g

has outputs changing additively.

C) g is a power function because

g has a constant difference over
equal intervals of x .

D) g is a logarithmic function
because g has outputs
changing multiplicatively.

69. Let f (x) = 6 ⋅ 2x . Which of the following could represent the graph of the semi-log plot, y = log(f (x)) ?

A)  y
2
B)  y
4

-2 0 2 4
x
-4 -2 0 2 4
x

-2
-2

-4

C)  y D)  y
10

-4 -2 0 2 4
x

-2 -5 0 5
x

-4 -5