Construction of 50Km of selected secondary roads

Method Statement for road works

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4 Method Statement of Road Work

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Method Statement for road works
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METHOD STATEMENT

4.1 General Description

+ Traffic control plan and relevant facilities such as signboard and warning tapes shall be prepared
since the project construction will be carry out in city urban area with a high traffic and pedestrian
flow affection.

+AII the construction crew must wear safety gears during construction.

+Regular safety protection training shall be carried out during the construction.

•During the construction of side drain, if the main access of feeder road, residences or business places is
blocked by the construction, suitable access shall be provided .
+At least one lane for traffic shall be maintained open, if the traffic has to be block in both direction for
construction need, approvals from the Employer or Traffic Police Department shall be acquire.

4.2 Precast of Kerb

+ The kerb in this project including two types according to its function, Type I is used for side-of-
pavement while Type Il is used for outer side of sidewalk, the detailed size is specified in design
drawing SKETCH MAP OF KERBS- The unit size of Type I kerb is 50cm length each, concrete
strength is C30. The unit size of Type Il kerb is 50cm length each, concrete strength is C25.

+During the precast process for units, which requires high appearance quality, such as kerb, rectangular
side drain, reinforced concrete wood like guardrail etc., concrete slump can be reduced by 1-2cm
from the normal slump for non-pumping concrete, which is 7-9cm, in order to increase the
consistency of the concrete for the convenience of the concrete vibration and moulding. Therefore,
the concrete slump for the above mentioned units can be considered as 6-8cm in the design, the
actual concrete slump shall follow the experiment result and the approval from Engineer.

4.3 Side Drain Construction

4.3.1. General Description

Preparation work shall be started after the project commences, such as survey, confirmation of site
boundary, demolition and relocation, site clearing, materials transportation, gravel production, component
precast and other relevant works. The first work commences at site shall be drainage construction.

The drainage system in this project is including side drain, pipe culvert and box culvert. In this
section, only side drain construction will be descripted. The method statement is describe according to the
construction sequence and procedure as rectangular side drain and ovoid channel side drain.
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4.3.2 Work Methodology

A. Rectangular Side Drain

+The drain system shall be constructed first after the road design has been confirmed. The construction
can be in batches or at the same time according to the specific conditions of work force, equipment
and materials at site. Construction of rectangular side drain shall be implemented prior to
construction of ovoid channel side drain.

+Locating: Site locating and elevation survey shall be implemented first. In the condition that the
ground elevation is higher than designed elevation of trench bottom after excavation or ground
clearing or scarification of unsuitable fill materials, excavation can be implemented directly; in the
high filling road sections, backfilling shall be applied first to ensure the ground elevation reaches
desiY1ed elevation of trench bottom before carrying on locating survey.

+Excavation: Three types of excavator shall be use in this project: A- crawler excavator With bucket
width 1.4m), B. wheeled excavator with bucket width 1.2m), C. backhoe loader. The crawler
excavator enjoys most efficiency in excavation works but has difficulty in transportation in urban
city since trailer is required; therefore, crawler excavator is not suitable for side drain excavation.
On the other hand, wheeled excavator and backhoe loader is a better choice because of its high
mobility.

+ Transportation of Component: The transportation of component shall use truck crane. Weight of
components shall not exceed the capacity of the truck as weight of each component shall be
considered before the transportation and a specific margin shall be kept. Maximum speed shall be
limited below 40kmJ'h considering high volume of vehicles and pedestrians in the city. The
transportation shall be done during the daytime, no night transportation shall be allowed.

+ The lifting hook and wire rope shall be checked for its reliability before transportation. A specific
trained person shall hold the wire rope during the lifting to prevent the wire rope from sliding down
at the lifting hook; after the wire rope is straightened and paused shortly during lifting, if everything
goes on well, the person who holds the wire rope shall withdraw from site to a safe distance.

1-2cm distance shall be kept between two components, with high strength mortar or concrete
jointing after the installation. Defect such as cavity, honeycomb is not allowed since the jointing
shall be tamping, perfunctory is strictly prohibited. The jointing surface shall be smooth as the
surface of side drain, no coarseness is allowed.
+installation of Cover Plate: The transportation of cover plate shall also use fruck crane, all the
matters needing attention is same as those of rectangular side drain.
+Attentions shall be paid to the up-layer marking during the installation of cover plate to avoid
accidents caused by installing the cover plate upside down such as breakage of cover plate and etc.
+1cm M7.5 mortar levelling shall be done before installation of cover plate. Flow process shall be
adopted at site during the installation, thus, specific personnel shall be assigned separately for
mortar levelling, lifting and installation and mortar jointing after the cover plate is in position.

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+1n the condition that the up-layer height is not the same as that of the side drain after the
installation, drain, attention shall be paid to avoid installing upside down

4.4 Culvert Construction

4.4.1 General Description

There are three types of culvert in this project: Pipe Culvert, Normal Box Culvert across the road and
Small Box Culvert across the road.

+ Pipe Culvert: The inner diameter of pipe culvert in this design is (I) 90cm; wall thickness is 12cm.
Pipe culvert is applied to the condition that the drainage system across the road has large discharge
volume.
+Normal Box Culvert: Two normal box culverts which size is 2.0mx 1.5m shall be constructed in this
project separately at Road ko.25: Old Railway Line — Scan Drive and Road No.30: Nylander Street.
The discharge capacity of culvert is 5 times to capacity of pipe culvert and is suitable for place with
large discharge volume.
•Small Box Culvert: The overflow surface size of small box culvert in this project is 0.7mx0.6m. Such
culvert is constructed mainly for replacing the rectangular side drain at the location where the
drainage cross the main road or feeder road underground horizontal or longitudinal, in order to keep
the consistency of the road surface and increase the service life of road surface and driving comfort
level. In other road construction projects, side drain may cross the road by the method of trench and
cover plates at the location where side drain meets the feeder road or side drain of feeder road needs
to cross main road. Such method has low comfort level and the cover plates of side drain will easily
be broken further to affect the appearance and damage the pavement nearby, reduce the service life
of road surface. The design for this project follows the principle of practical, durable and beautiful,
the overflow surface size is close to which of side drain, make it more reasonable to cross the road
underground.

4.4.2 Work Methodology

A. Pipe Culvert

+Surveying and Locating: The middle line of culvert will be confirmed during the surveying and
locating process according to the site condition. Base course excavation will begin only after the
information such as elevation and length has been re-checked.

+Comparison shall be made between the confirmed axis and the existing drainage system, if
inconformity exists regarding the culvert location or angle from which in the design, such
inconformity must be reported to the Engineer immediately, and construction can be carried out only
after the approval from the Engineer.

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+A standard point shall be encrypted near the culvert and outside the subgrade of road where few
disturbances will happen; such point will be used for survey and re-check of construction elevation.

+ Existing drainage system at the culvert location shall be rechanneled or coffered by woven bag when
necessary, then excavation and dredging can start.

+Temporary access road: The excavation of culvert foundation will unavoidable affect the traffic. In
order to reduce the disturbance between traffic and construction, temporary access road shall be
constructed where possible, and foundation excavation is better a onetime work. In the condition,
that single excavation cannot be done and the traffic must remain unblocked, temporary access road
construction or expansion of road shall be implemented before half range excavation.

+Foundation Excavation: The excavation width of foundation shall be 1.44m, so that formwork is not
required for sand-gravel cushion and concrete foundation construction, but to use the soil at both
sides for filling or casting. Extra excavation width can be done if the conditions allow so that there
is enough space for set up the formwork.

+1n the condition that the foundation pit is deep, step-slope shall be constructed at 1 : 1 ratio, in order
to prevent personnel injury or other accidentally loss caused by slope collapse.

+Manual excavation shall be applied for the last 20cm above the designed elevation instead of machine
excavation, in order to avoid any disturbance to the bottom soil.

+Sand-Gravel Cushion and Concrete Foundation Construction: Formwork shall be installed during the
construction of sand-gravel cushion and concrete foundation if the excavated foundation pit is
irregular. The concrete foundation surface shall be smooth and flat. Watering and curing shall be
applied after casting.

+ Transportation for Pipe Section: The transportation of pipe section shall use truck crane, the total
weight of pipe section shall not exceed the capacity weight of truck crane and a margin of weight
shall be reserved.

+ Pipe section shall be fixed by wood board or round timber at the bottom of pipe and be tied up by
wire rope to prevent the pipe culvert section from rolling and crushing into each other during the
transportation.

+installation of Pipe Culvert: The installation of pipe culvert shall wait after the concrete strength
reaches 5Mpa. The axis of pipe culvert shall be marked on the foundation first, then install the end
pipe for the water inlet and outlet in order to control the total length of the pipe culvert, each
section of the middle pipe shall be installed one by one and keep the axis from leaning.

+ The installation of pipe section shall be smoothly and steadily with no adverse slope at the bottom
and the dispersion of water flow surface at the pipe connection shall not exceed 5mm. No other
things such as dirt, stone, brick or mortar shall be left inside the pipe.

+ The joint width between pipe sections is 2cm and will be filled with asphalt oakum, with two layers
of asphaltic felt shall cover the joint, and settlement joint of pedestal shall be set every 5m with
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width of 2cm and asphalt oakum filled between, extra shall be set where there is a geological
difference.

+ The pipe orifice (no less than width of felt) shall be cleaned and make sure the pipe orifice surface is
tight and neat with no cracking before filling the asphalt oakum.

+ After the installation of the pipe culvert, 360 0 casting with the set-up of formwork shall be
implemented. At least 14 days of sprinkling water curing shall be applied after casting.

Filling at both sides: After the completion of pipe culvert installation and the concrete strength
has reached 85% of the designed strength, backfilling can be started with qualified backfilling soil.
Filling and compacting shall be implemented horizontal leveled and symmetrically, the compacted
thickness shall not be less than 96%. Large machine is not suitable for backfilling soil compacting
near the culvert pier at both sides of the culvert, but to use small machine for compacting. Machines
are allowed to cross on top of the culvert only on condition that the soil thickness exceeds 0.5m and
the vibrator source cannot be switch on while compacting by vibratory roller.

+ The density of compaction shall at least as same as the surrounding material density of backfilling,
road bed and subbase.

B. Normal Box Culvert

+Foundation Excavation: During the foundation excavation of normal box culvert (2.0m>< 1.5m), the
trench bottom width shall be constructed at least 1m more than width of the culvert as operation
space. Step-slope and other protection method with warning tape shall be adopted in case that the
foundation pit is deep.

+ Manual excavation shall be applied for the last 20cm above the designed elevation instead of machine
excavation, in order to avoid any disturbance to the bottom soil.

+ The box culvert shall be cast-in-place. The baseplate of the box culvert shall be constructed after the
cushion and concrete foundation is completed, with casting for baseplate at first, then bend- the
reinforced steel of side wall at both sides, and installation of internal and external formwork, then
assembling the reinforcement of top plate, after checking the reinforcement and formwork is
installed correctly and no other problems existing, concrete casting can be implemented.

+At least 14 days of sprinkling water curing shall be applied after the casting.
+Backfilling at both sides: After the completion of box culvert installation and the concrete strength
has reached 85% of the designed strength, backfilling can be started with qualified backfilling soil.
Filling and compacting shall be implemented horizontal leveled and symmetrically, the compacted
thickness shall not be less than 96%. Large machine is not suitable for backfilling soil compacting
near the culvert pier at both sides of the culvert, but to use small machine for compacting. Machines

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are allowed to cross on top of the culvert only on condition that the soil thickness exceeds 0.5m and
the vibrator source cannot be switch on while compacting by vibratory roller.

C. Small Box Culvert

+ The construction method of small box culvert (0.7m X 0.6m) is as same as which of normal box
culvert, other matters not mentioned above can refer to pipe culvert and normal box culvert.

+The construction of small box culvert shall coordinate with construction of rectangular side drain on
sequence, with accurate surveying and locating in order to ensure the location and elevation meet
the requirement of specifications.

+Re-checking of bottom elevation at both ends before construction of the small box culvert and the
construction of side drain connection at both ends to ensure smooth drainage and avoid
countercurrent flow and ponding.

05 Mass Earthworks

I. General Description
Rock blasting method cannot be used in the rock excavation since this project is located in urban city
area. Small single rocks can be crushed by breaking hammer, while expanding agent shall be used in the
drilling hole for breaking larger rocks, then use the breaking hammer to crush. Experimental construction
shall be implemented before large-scale construction to confirm the lay-down thickness, machine
arrangement, rolling times and other parameters.

ll. Work Methodology

A. Mass Earthworks

+After removal of top soil, compaction shall be applied before earthwork reclamation in order to reach
the compacted thickness.

+Surface leveling shall be implemented for each layer of backfilling soil while using bulldozer and
dump truck for filling road embankment, transverse slope shall be constructed with a gradient of 2%
to 4% from the middle to both sides and with timely rolling specially in raining season. The rolling
can be implemented only after the lay-down thickness, flatness and moisture content of reclamation
soil layer shall be checked and has been proved to meet the requirement; the rolling time shall be
decide
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is more than 10 times, then reducing thickness of reclamation soil shall be considered. Next step
construction can be started after the compacted thickness is tested to be qualified.

+The speed of static compaction and vibratory compaction shall be decided according to the manual of
compacting machine. The normal speed for static compaction is between 2-2.5km/h, while speed for
vibratory compaction is between 3-5km/h.

+ Three cross sections shall be chosen for testing each time, and three points located at left, middle and
right of each section shall be the testing point, 1m distance between tested section and section to be
tested shall be reserved after each time of testing.

+The vibratory roller is suitable for the compacting work with 6-8 times of compaction; compacted
thickness shall be tested from the third time of compaction. When using the vibratory roller, the first
time of compaction shall be static compaction, then increase the compacting speed and vibration
strength; the compacting speed of all kinds of roller shall be increasing from low speed, compacting
route shall be from side to the middle in straight section and from inner side to outer side in small
radius curve section. The movement of roller is repeated in advance and retreat, with an overlap of
0.4-0.5m for transverse joint, and the longitudinal overlap between two adjoining sections is better
be 1.0-1.5m. Compaction shall be even with no lack of compaction and blind angle. During
largescale construction, the machine arrangement, rolling times and lay-down thickness shall be
applied according to which stated in the experimental section report.

+Marking line on column method shall be applied for check the compaction thickness in normal practice:
setting out and marking (using lime powder to draw grid) transport soil*off load soil-hoarse
levelling»check lay-down thickness (using iron beam insert the soil to compaction thickness.

+ The fill material must go through a field test, no mud, boggy soil, organic soil, turf soil, household
waste, root or soil with rotten substance shall be used. Soil with liquid limit more than 50%, plastic
index more than 26 and moisture content exceed limitation shall not be used as fill material. The
minimum strength, maximum particle size of fill material, the subgrade compaction standard and
compaction thickness shall comply with relevant specifications.

+In dry land and normal mountain, in the condition that slope ratio of the original ground is less than 1
:5, the top soil shall be removed and the original ground shall be compacted; in the condition that
slope ratio of the original ground is between 1:5 and 1:2.5, the slope shall be benched by cutting
steps to increase the overall stability of the subgrade with the step width of more than 2m and a
slope ratio of 3% inwards; in the condition that the slope ratio of the original ground is more than
1:2.5,

uniaxial geogrids shall be constructed to increase the stability of the subgrade except the above
mentioned steps.

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+Temporary drainage facilities shall be constructed in advance during subgrade construction, such
facilities shall be connected to permanent drainage system. The drained water shall not cause
siltation and erosion. In the condition that the surface water or underground water within the
subgrade area affect the stability of subgrade during the subgrade construction, temporary culvert
and underdrain shall be set in order to disperse the surface water and underground water which will
affect the dry and moisture of subgrade out of subgrade area and drain the surface within the
subgrade area to ensure the strength of foundation. Then levelling compaction shall be
implemented from the high elevation side to lower side to form the working surface for the overall
filling.

+ The filling shall be carried out by layers with compaction according to the designed section. When
using soil with low water permeability for filling, the moisture content shall be limited within±2 0/o
of the best compaction moisture content. The maximum lay-down thickness of each layer shall not
exceed 30cm when using machine for compaction, the minimum compaction thickness of top layer
shall not be less than 8cm. The filling width shall be more than designed filling width at each side,
the compaction width shall not be less than designed compaction width, and treatment shall be
applied at the side slope. Horizontal levelling method shall be applied in the filling, thus according
to the cross section width, filling shall be carried out upwards separately by horizontal slice. In the
condition that the original ground is not flat, the filling shall start from the bottom slice and each
slice shall go through the compaction so that it can meet the standard before start the next slice.

+ Road cutting excavation shall follow: A. the top soil which has been excavated and removed and can
be used in planting turf and other purpose shall be kept in specified location; B. the suitable material
which has been excavated shall be used in subgrade filling and shall not be mixed; C. the excavation
shall be carried out from the top to the bottom whatever the quantities and depth, no excessive
excavation and excavation underground shall be allowed.

•Horizontal and longitudinal excavation method shall be applied separately in road cutting excavation
according to the depth and longitudinal length of road cutting; in the case that the longitudinal
length and excavation depth is large, mixed method of horizontal excavation method and
longitudinal channel excavation method shall be applied.

Soft foundation treatment shall be applied before the filling if soft foundation exists in filling area.

+The subgrade and sub base shall be compacted. The subgrade compaction shall use machine and the
machine type shall be decided according to the construction scale, site size, fill material,
requirement of compacted thickness, weather condition and compaction machine efficiency etc.

+No ponding shall exist at any construction layer during the subgrade construction. Horizontal slope
with 2%-4% slope ratio shall be constructed at the embankment according to the geological and
weather condition, in order to drain the rainwater. During the construction in raining season or after
suspension of construction, construction layer surface must be levelled and compacted. Drainage

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system and seepage control facilities as well as temporary drainage facilities shall be constructed
first according to the design during the subgrade construction before the main work.

+Destruction of vegetative plant on ground surface and blockage of watercourses is not allowed during
the subgrade construction; all kinds of drainage facilities shall be repaired and cleared in time to
keep functional and avoid the erosion and siltation; temporary drainage facilities shall be connected
to the permanent drainage facilities as much as possible.

4.5 Concrete Kerbs

4.5.1 General Description

The above-mentioned kerb means kerb on the roadside, its function mainly including:

A to prevent the vehicle from going off the road and cause accident;

B. to separate vehicles from pedestrians and keep the traffic smooth in order to increase road safety;

C. to isolate and guide the water flow on road surface off the road or into ovoid channel drain
through the reserved loophole.

4.5.2 Work Methodology

+The construction of kerb shall be implemented after the completion of sub base construction.
+3cm mortar levelling shall be completed before the installation. The inner side of kerb shall be set
close to side-of-pavement line with the top elevation in accordance with the design elevation. The
outcome of kerb construction shall enjoy both artistic in line type and smooth in elevation.

4M10 mortar shall be used in the gap between two neighboring kerbs and its surface shall be level with
kerb surface.

4.6 Laterite Aggregates Subbase Course

+ The thickness of laterite aggregates subbase course in this project is 20cm.

+ The elevation control shall be implemented for the construction of laterite aggregates subbase course
to ensure the construction quality meets the requirement of acceptance specifications. Other relevant
construction method see as of in mass earthworks.

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4.7 Crushed Stone Base Course

4.7.1 General Description

The thickness of crushed stone base course is 15cm, and shall be paved by paver in order to ensure
the construction quality and flatness. Experimental construction shall be done before large-scale
construction to confirm the lay-down thickness, machine arrangement and rolling times and other
parameters.

4.7.2 Work Methodology

A. General Requirements

+ The surface dust and water shall be removed from the working surface; sprinkling shall be done to wet
the working surface.

+Survey and setting out shall be done one day before the paving, reference points shall be marked
according to the designed elevation. The intervals shall be 10m on the straight section and 5m on
the horizontal curve section.

+Steel cable hanging method can be adopted to elevation control, balance beam also can be used if
possible.

+Side line shall be drawn by technical staff using rock flour or sand in advance as a guidance to the
paving personnel.

+Re-checking the elevation shall be done by technical staff in advance to control the error for satisfying
the specification requirement.

+Paver shall be used in paving the crushed stone if condition allows. If the paving will be carried out
into two layers, then both layers shall be paved by pavers provided that the graders enjoys a faster
speed but cannot guarantee the flatness, and will affect the flatness of asphalt concrete pavement.

B. Preparation of Base Course

+The rectification of base course top and site clearing: Cross slope with slope ratio of 2.5% will be

Constructed at the base course top according to the design. The crushed stone surface shall be
amended after compaction at the uneven section by scarifying the surface and sprinkling water and
adding crushed stone for manual rectification, in order to make the road camber smooth and road
shoulder outline clear and smooth. The construction waste shall be transported to specific place
according to the Engineer to keep the road appearance in good condition.

+Compaction shall be carried out immediately after the rectification while the surface is still wet.
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Water shall be sprinkled if the surface is losing water quickly and become dry before the
compaction. A quick compaction shall be done by pneumatic tyre roller after the paving by grader,
rectification shall be done in the uneven section exposed after such compaction using grader.

+ Tram control shall be placed for constructed base course and protection measurement shall be
adopted for the base course surface to prevent disturbance and damage, U-turn and hard brake is
strictly prohibited on constructed base course or during the compacting of base course.

C. Pretreatment for Crushed Stone Edge

+1f side drain, kerb or sidewalk is designed along both sides of the road, pretreatment for crushed stone
edge is not necessary.
+ Walk behind roller shall be used near the sidewalk and kerb for additional compaction during the
construction of crushed stone works, in order to ensure the compacted thickness to meet the
requirement of specification and design.

D. Mixing of Crushed Stone Mixture

+Paving material with amount for 10-20 days construction shall be reserved before mixing process.

+Mixing machine shall be checked every day before mixing process, gradation and moisture content of
the mixed material shall be tested to calculate the daily mix proportion. The total sum of additional
water and natural moisture content shall be a little higher than the best moisture content.

+Standard density of mixed material shall be checked and adjusted every half month to ensure the
accuracy of compacted thickness test.

+Consumption amount checking shall be done after each day's construction, to calculate the
consumption of crushed stone and average thickness of each day's completed section.

+ Water spraying for preparation of mixed material shall be done 1-2 days before paving, moisture
content shall be tested by laboratory technical to check if the moisture content meets the
requirement of specification and design.

E. Transportation of Crushed Stone Mixture

+ Transportation vehicles shall be examined for its condition every day before start working. The

carriage shall be cleaned before loading materials. The number of vehicles shall meet the demand of
material mixing, discharging and paving and in surplus.

+The mixed material shall be transported to paving site as soon as possible after mixing.
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+Dump truck with large-tonnage shall be used for loading materials and the number of vehicles shall be
enough to make the paver to work consistently.

+Transport vehicle shall stop at 10-30cm from the paver and shall not impact the paver.
+ Transport vehicle shall kept in neutral gear during the off-loading of material and move by the
pushing from paver to make sure the flatness of pavement. The off-loading of material is preferred
to be implemented from far side to the near and the off-loading distance shall be strictly controlled
to avoid the shortage or overmuch of material.

On the uphill road with high grade, paver cannot push the transport vehicle forward because it will
cause affection to the pavement quality. In such case, the transport vehicle shall stop 1m ahead of
paver and off load until paver reach 50cm distance from the back wheel of transport vehicle (one
third of total material each time for three times), and move forward 5m then wait for paver to reach
the 50cm distance then repeat the same off load process for totally three times.

+In order to prevent the transport vehicle from hitting the paver, 2 special drivers with good driving skill
shall be arranged at the paver for replacing other drivers for off-loading process.

F Paving of fixed Material

+Paving thickness shall be controlled strictly according to the value confirmed by procedure test.
Transport vehicle shall be arranged according to the capacity of paver when paver is used, to ensure
the consistency of the paving process. If grader is used for paving, transport vehicle and other
machines shall be arranged according to the experience in paving speed during the previous
construction.

+Proper water spraying shall be done at subbase course or lower base course before paving.

+Paver's functional condition shall be checked every day before paving.

+The sensor arm and guide control line shall be adjusted coordinately; the base course thickness and
elevation shall be controlled strictly to ensure the crown slop meets the requirement of design.

+The paver shall work continually. In the case that the mixing machine has low production capacity,
minimum paving speed shall be applied during paving which is normally 1-3m/min according to
the normal practice, paver shall not stop for waiting the material.

+Two-thirds of the paver's spiral-feeder shall be placed inside the mixed material.

+Special crew shall be arranged behind the paver for elimination of fine aggregate segregation,
especially concentration part of coarse aggregate, and amend such place by newly mixed material.
Supplementary fine aggregate shall be put where more coarse aggregate is too much on the surface
of such section.

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Special crew shall be arranged behind the paver for re-trimming. Extra part of pavement beyond side
boundary shall be retrieved and supplementary pavement shall be applied where insufficient paving
happened, in order to avoid a bending paving edge which is not good looking.

Special crew shall be arranged behind the paver for longitudinal joint treatment. During loose paving,
pavement thickness shall be higher at the joint of center line and other half range according to the of
loose layer. Special personnel shall be arranged for connection orderly and the

removal of coarse aggregates after the static compaction; attentions shall be paid to the connection
effect consistently during the rolling process, supplementary fine aggregate shall be added in case
there is a shortage of mixed material.

G. Compaction of Mixed Material

+Vibratory roller shall follow each paver for compacting, distance of 50m-80m shall be applied for
each time of compacting- Compacting section shall be separated with boundary sign set between
each compacting section.

+ The compaction shall follow programs and procedures confirmed during experimental construction.
The static compacting shall be sufficient; the vibratory compacting shall cause no pavement waves
and movement. During compacting, static compacting can be implemented first (with moderation
times and 95% compacted thickness)--)begin slight vibratory compacting*then begin heavy
vibratory compacting-at last begin static compacting with pneumatic tyre roller until no wheel track
is on the pavement. Sand cone method shall be applied to test the compacted thickness.

+Half wheel width of roller shall be considered as overlap width during compaction.

+Gear switching of roller shall be done slightly and smoothly in order to avoid the disturbance to the
base course. During the first time of static compacting, the roller shall go back the same way after
switch

to reverse gear as much as possible, and the switch gear shall be done on the completed compacting
section; on the uncompleted compacting section, switch gear shall be done in different spot in
dentation; if upheaval shows up, special crew shall be arranged for levelling treatment.

+ The advisory speed for roller during compacting is 1.5-1.7km/h during the first and second times
compacting, and 2.0-2.5km/h for the rest.

+ The rollers shall park with certain distance, at least 3m away from each other, and better park on the
completed section in order to avoid any damage to the base course structure.

+ The roller shall not make U-turn or hard brake on the completed section or during compacting, in
order to avoid damages to cement treated gravel layer surface.

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+1n the straight section, compacting shall be implemented from road shoulder at both sides toward
center line; in the curve section, compacting shall be implemented from inner side of road shoulder
toward outer side road shoulder.

+The compacting shall follow the principle, which is light first after heavy and slow first after fast.
Each joint of sections shall be overlapped and compacted, the length of longitudinal overlap
compacting shall not be less than 2.0m, the wheel path overlap between longitudinal rows shall not
be less than one third of wheel width, the separation between two layers of pavement joint shall not
be less than 3m.
+The compacting shall continue until reaches required compacted thickness. Normally 6-8 times of
compacting shall be done to left no wheel path on surface.

+ Additional compacting of 2-3 times shall be done at both side of road surface.

4.7.3 Longitudinal Joint Treatment

Longitudinal Joint Treatment: Longitudinal joint shall be avoided as much as possible. Extra attention shall
be paid to treatment of Longitudinal Joint in the case that construction is separated by two half ranges,
longitudinal joint shall be connected vertically.
+V•v41en paving the first section, square timber or steel formwork shall be used for supporting at the
next section, the height of such square timber or steel formwork shall be the same as thickness of
crushed stone after compaction. Square timber or steel formwork shall be removed before paving
the next section. A slope will form as a result of no supporting square timber or steel formwork
and 30cm insufficient compacting area along the section edge, so soil loose and water spray shall
be applied in the insufficient compacting area and unqualified road camber area, and such area
shall be levelled and compacted after paving of the next section.

+ Special crew shall be arranged behind the paver for longitudinal joint treatment. During loose
paving, pavement thickness shall be higher at the joint of centerline and other half range according
to the coefficient of loose layer. Special personnel shall be arranged for connection orderly and the
removal of coarse aggregates after the static compaction; attentions shall be paid to the connection
effect consistently during the rolling process, supplementary fine aggregate shall be added in case
there is a shortage of mixed material.

•Horizontal Joint Treatment: Horizontal joint shall be set vertically to centerline. At the joint of two
construction sections, after the paving for the first section, 1-2m will be left and will be compacted
with the second section together after water spray.

4.7.4 Curing of Crushed Stone

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+Traffic shall be stopped immediately after compacting of crushed stone to avoid looseness and wheel
path on the surface. Traffic shall not resume until the completion of permeable asphalt spraying or
seal coat laying.

+1t is not suitable to spray Primer Coat immediately after crushed stone paving, but to wait for
evaporation of surface water and to spray in a wet condition. Tack coat shall be sprayed in time,
and traffic shall be stopped after priming oil spray, tack coat spray and stone chips spray to avoid
looseness of the surface because of vehicles.

+Quality test shall be done immediately after completion of each section, and the curing shall be
started.

+Curing Method: Waterproof non-woven geotextile shall be wet and manually cove the top of base
course after compaction. After two hours, use water sprinkler to spray water. The base course shall
keep wet during the curing period. The cover shall be removed after the completion of curing.

+High pressure spray pipe shall not be used as spray nozzle for water sprinkler during the water spray
curing to avoid damage to base course structure. The water spray times shall be decided by the
weather condition, and the base course surface shall keep wet during the whole curing period.

+The curing period for crushed stone base course shall not be less than 7 days.

+During the curing period, clear signboard shall be set with specific guard person and keep the vehicle
away from such section.

4.8 Primer Coat & Tack Coat

4.8.1 General Description

The priming oil is composed by a dilution of asphalt and kerosene according to certain proportion.
During the dilution, the temperature must reach 150 0, and during the spraying at site, the temperature
must below 800.

4.8.2 Work Methodology

A. Primer Coat

+ The road section shall be closed before construction with signboard prepared in advance.

+ Technical person shall confirm the priming oil spray boundary in advance, and disclosed to the
construction person.

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+Points shall be set every 20m on straight section and every 5m on curve section, and rock flour
marking shall be spray along these points. Considering that most of roads in this project have side
drain, kerb and other structures, the spray boundary is quite clear, so rock flour marking is not
necessary.

+Plastic cover shall be set for side drain, duct, sidewalk, kerb and other structures which is completed
in order to prevent priming oil from spraying on them.

+The waste and dust on road surface shall be removed by blower or sweeper from road center to both
sides.

+ After the cleaning, the technician and construction crew shall check the construction quality together
and clean the rest adhesive materials manually.

+Spray water shall be applied by sprinkler to the completed base course surface in order to keep the
surface in wet condition. If the spray water is more than enough, drying shall be applied. The tiers
of sprinkler shall be cleaned before it enters the construction site in order to prevent loose soil
from being carried out to the cleaned base course surface.

+Spray priming oil: The tiers of sprinkler shall be cleaned before it enters the construction site. Two
iron sheets with I mm thickness shall be laid at the beginning and the ending of the spraying
section to keep the surface clean. The spraying shall be uniformed and partial excessive oil spray
shall be cleaned while insufficient oil spray shall be redone. Twice of oil spray shall be
implemented for the whole range with a lap joint width of 100mm.

+1Jniformed manual oil spray shall be applied to the section where machines cannot access with
supervision of experienced personnel.

+Experiments and tests shall be done during the construction in order to ensure the spray volume meets
the requirement of specification and design.

+ Water spray and dust removal shall be applied repeatedly to the road section nearby during
construction by the sprinkler.

+AII suffering from conjunctivitis, dermatosis and allergic to asphalt shall not be engaged to asphalt
works.

+Specific personnel shall be arranged at the construction site to prevent irrelevant personnel from
entering; all the construction crew shall wear work clothes, gloves, boots and other labour
protection appliances.

+Safety protection method shall be checked before asphalt spray; test spray shall be applied before
asphalt spray to confirm the quality; during the test spray, nobody shall stay within 3m in front of
the spray nozzle.

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+ Traffic shall be blocked where necessary for 3 days after the spray to prevent the Primer Coat from
being damaged.

B. Tack Coat

C. Bonding oil shall be sprayed before asphalt concrete spray; spraying rate shall be decided according
to the experiment. Other construction method and precautions refers to Primer Coat construction.

4.9 Paving Asphalt Concrete Surface

4.9.1 General Description

Asphalt concrete surface will be paved using paver in this project with thickness of 5cm.
Experimental construction shall be implemented to confirm the loose paving thickness, machine
arrangement and rolling times and other parameters.

4.9.2 Work Methodology

A. General Requirements

+ The dust and waste shall be removed from the construction surface.
+Survey and setting out shall be done one day before the paving, reference points shall be marked
according to the designed elevation. The intervals shall be 10m on the straight section and 5m on
the horizontal curve section.

+Steel cable hanging method can be adopted to elevation control; balance beam also can be used if
possible.

+Side line shall be drawn by technical staff using rock flour or sand in advance as a guidance to the
paving personnel.

+Re-checking the elevation shall be done by technical staff in advance to control the error for satisfying
the specification requirement.

B. Preparation of Base Course

+ Traffic control shall be applied to completed base course surface while protection method shall be
done to prevent the surface from disturbance and damage. No U-turn and hard brake shall be done
on the completed road section or on compacting road section.

C. Mixing of Asphalt Mixture

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+Paving material with amount for 10-20 days construction shall be reserved before mixing process.

+Mixing machine shall be checked every day before mixing process to ensure it's functional.

D. Transportation of Asphalt Mixture

Dump trucks shall be prepared for transportation of mixed material and can be adjusted according to the
actual demand.

+ Transportation vehicles shall be examined for its condition every day before start working. The
carriage shall be cleaned before loading materials. The number of vehicles shall meet the demand of

Material mixing, discharging and paving and in surplus.

+ The transport vehicle shall be cleaned after use every time, a thin layer of parting agent or anti tack
agent shall be painted on the carriage board to prevent the asphalt from binding but no liquid shall
remain at the bottom of the carriage. Various loading position shall be applied for transport vehicle
during the loading of asphalt mixture to balance the material and reduce the separation of mixed
material.

+Dump truck with large-tonnage shall be used for loading materials and the number of vehicles shall be
enough to make the paver to work consistently.

+ The mixed material shall be transported to construction site as soon as possible after the mixing. The
materials loaded in dump truck should not be more than enough, and shall be covered by canopies
to keep the temperature and to avoid dust.

+Contamination to the road surface such as dirt shall not be carried into paving site by transport
vehicle tiers, thus, vehicle tiers shall be cleaned before entering site. Asphalt mixture shall be
received according to the material list at paving site. The mixture shall not be used for paving if its
temperature does not meet construction requirement or it has caked or rain-soaked.

+ Transport vehicle shall stop at 10-30cm from the paver and shall not impact the paver.
+ Transport vehicle shall kept in neutral gear during the off-loading of material and move by the
pushing from paver to make sure the flatness of pavement. The off-loading of material is preferred
to be implemented from far side to the near and the off-loading distance shall be strictly controlled
to avoid the shortage or overmuch of material. The off-loading shall be sufficient and leave no
remain, the remaining asphalt mixture shall be removed in time before caking.

+111 the uphill road with high grade, paver cannot push the transport vehicle forward because it will
cause affection to the pavement quality. In such case, the transport vehicle shall stop 1m ahead of
paver and off load until paver reach 50cm distance from the back wheel of transport vehicle (one
third of total material each time for three times), and move forward 5m then wait for paver to reach
the 50cm distance then repeat the same off load process for totally three times.

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+Measures shall be applied to avoid leakage of bituminous binders from the carriage board during the
transportation or waiting.

In order to prevent the transport vehicle from hitting the paver, two special drivers with good driving
skill shall be arranged at the paver for replacing other drivers for off-loading process.

+Weight and temperature of asphalt mixture shall be checked before the transportation by vehicle,
transport departure time shall be recorded and material list shall be signed and issued.

E. Paving of Asphalt Mixture

+ Paving thickness shall be controlled strictly according to the parameter confirmed by the procedure
test. Transport vehicle shall be arranged according to the capacity of paver when paver is used, to
ensure the consistency of the paving process.
+Paver's functional condition shall be checked every day before paving.

+ The sensor arm and guide control line shall be adjusted coordinately; the base course thickness and

elevation shall be controlled strictly to ensure the crown slop meets the requirement of design.

+ The screed shall be preheated 0.5-1h before the paver start paving and the temperature of it shall not
be less than 100 C. The vibrational frequency and amplitude of screed and rammer compaction
device is proper during the paving in order to increase the compacted thickness of road pavement.

The screed widening shall be adjusted carefully so that the asphalt mixture has no clear separation trace.
A thin layer of parting agent and anti-bonding agent shall be painted on the receiving hopper of
paver.

+The paver shall work slowly and continually with a constant speed, no speed changing or pause during
the paving in order to increase the flatness and reduce the separation of mixture. The paving speed
shall be controlled between 2-6m/min, and a slow speed of 1-3m/min shall be applied for modified
asphalt mixture and SMA mixture. Treatment shall be applied when the mixture has a clear
separation, wave-shape, cracking or drag mark. The optimal speed of paver shall be confirm
according to the site condition while in normal practice the paving speed is preferred to be
1-3m/min.

+ The spiral-feeder of paver shall be adjusted to keep a stable rolling speed relative to the paving speed
while no less than two-third of mixture remains at both side of it, in order to reduce the separation of
the mixture during the paving.

+ The minimum paving temperature of hot mixed asphalt mixture shall depend on the thickness of
pavement course, weather temperature, wind speed and surface temperature of underlying substratum
and be confirmed according to the specification. Mixture with higher temperature shall be use for
paving first at the beginning of daily construction. In this project, the minimum paving temperature

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shall not below 135 0 , the compacting temperature shall not below 130 0 , the finishing temperature
shall not below 80 0

+ The coefficient of loose layer shall be confirm after experimental paving and compaction trail
according to the type of mixture. The paving thickness and road camber along with horizontal slope
shall be check at all times during the paving. Reference coefficient of loose layer shall be 1.2 during
the experimental paving.

+ Manual paving can be adopted where the road is narrow, horizontal curve radius of ramp or
widening is too small, or where construction scale is small that machine cannot be used for paving.
Manual paving shall meet the following requirements:

a) Dam board shall be set at the construction side of centerline during the half range
construction.

b) The asphalt mixture shall be off loaded on iron board; mixture shall be paved by turning
the shovel upside down and shall not be thrown. Tools such as shovel should be painted with anti-
tack agent or be heated when using.

c) The pavement shall be levelled using scraper during the paving, the leveling degree shall
be the same and the times shall be controlled to avoid separation of mixture.

d) The paving shall not be paused and the compacting speed shall not be increased. If
compacting cannot carry on in time, the paving shall be stopped and tarpaulin shall be used to cover
the off loaded asphalt mixture as heat preservation method.

•Special crew shall be arranged behind the paver for elimination of fine aggregate segregation,

especially concentration part of coarse aggregate, and amend such place by newly mixed material.
Supplementary fine aggregate shall be put where more coarse aggregate is too much on the surface
of such section.

+Special crew shall be arranged behind the paver for re-trimming according to the side boundary
marked before the paving. Extra part of pavement beyond side boundary shall be retrieved and
supplementary pavement shall be applied where insufficient paving happened, in order to avoid a
bending paving edge, which is not good looking.

+ Special crew shall be arranged behind the paver for longitudinal joint treatment. During loose
paving, pavement thickness shall be higher at the joint of centerline and other half range according
to the coefficient of loose layer. Special personnel shall be arranged for connection orderly and the
removal of coarse aggregates after the static compaction; attentions shall be paid to the connection
effect consistently during the rolling process, supplementary fine aggregates shall be added in case
there is a shortage of mixed material.

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+The mixture paved by paver should not be amended repeatedly by worker. Where the rectification or
replacing of mixture is necessary, it shall be carried out carefully, the whole layer where serious
defect exists shall be remove.

F. Compaction of Mixed Material

+Double steel drum roller, vibratory roller or pneumatic tyre roller shall follow each paver for
compacting; each compacting length shall normally be 50m-80m. Compacting section shall be
separated with boundary sign set between each compacting section.

+Compaction shall follow the program and procedure confirmed by experimental construction. The
static compacting shall be sufficient while the vibratory compacting shall cause no wave-shape and
movement of pavement. During the compacting, static compacting can be applied first then heavy
vibratory compacting—at last static compacting with pneumatic tyre until no wheel frack is on the
pavement. Sand cone method shall be applied to test the compacted thickness.

+ The water spray device for roller's wheel shall be checked before compacting to see whether it is
functional, water spraying shall be consistency during the compacting for roller's tyre and drum to
avoid mixture sticking on it. Other things or mixture sticking to tyre or drum shall be checked and
cleaned in time.

+The compacting temperature shall be fixed by compaction trail according to the type of mixture, type
of roller, weather temperature, thickness and etc. First, second and final compaction shall be done at
high temperature in the condition no serious displacement and cracking will be caused. No repeated
compaction shall be done in low temperature to avoid abrasion and crushing of the material and
damage to the interlock of the material.

+The roller shall carry on compacting in a slow and uniform speed as showing in the table below. The
compacting route or direction shall not change suddenly and cause displacement of mixture. The
length of compacting area shall be mainly the same, while the turn-back point at each end of the
road shall be moved forward according to the movement of the roller and shall not be at the same
cross section horizontally.

G. Longitudinal and Horizontal Joint Treatment

+ The construction of asphalt pavement shall be carried out with a tight joint, smooth connection and
with no clear joint segregation.

+Heated joint shall be applied for longitudinal joint when multiple pavers are used for paving, 100-
200mm shall be left from the compacting section as a base level for the subsequent sections, then
compacting shall be carried out across the joint to erase the joint farce. When cold joint is left
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METHOD STATEMENT ROAD WORKS 22
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because half range paving or other special cases, separation board shall be set or cutting shall be
carried out by slicer, or extra mixture shall be removed before the complete cooling of the mixture,
but longitudinal joint-cutting shall not be applied by cutting machine after cooling. Small amount
of asphalt shall be sprayed before the paving of the other half range, with an overlap of 50-100mm
of the completed pavement and removal of extra mixture on the completed pavement. The
remaining 100-150mm shall be compacted from the sides to the center and be squeezed tight
across joints.

+Vertical carvel joint shall be applied to horizontal joint, jack drill shall be used before the cooling of
carvel joint or manually to remove the top part where the thickness is not enough, in order to make
a right-angle connection. The cutting machine should be used to make the carvel joint before the
hardening of the cooled mixture which is paved on the same day. The removal or cutting of mixture
shall not damage the road surface below. The cement left by the cutting shall be washed away and
tack coat oil shall be painted after drying. The connection joint shall be soften before paving the
mixture, the particle of coarse aggregates shall be removed and replaced by fine aggregates and
connected flat and level. The compaction shall be carried out horizontally and then longitudinally
by roller to ensure the full compaction and flatness of connection.

+The horizontal joint of each half range shall be separated by at least 1m. 3m ruler to ensure the flatness
of the work shall check the construction of the joint.

+Specific person shall be deployed for joint treatment, fine aggregates shall be used in joint more often.

+ Specific person shall be deployed for edge treatment, the extra material shall be recycled back to the
paver with additional material to the insufficient paving area, the asphalt concrete pavement edge
shall not be irregular.

+Specific person shall be deployed for adding the fine aggregates. To the section that the asphalt
concrete pavement is uneven, compaction shall be carried out after supplementary fine aggregates
is added.

Treatment of longitudinal joint: Specific person shall be deployed behind paver for the treatment of
longitudinal joint. During loose paving, pavement thickness shall be higher at the joint of centerline and
other half range according to the coefficient of loose layer. Special personnel shall be arranged for
connection orderly and the removal of course after the static compaction; attentions shall be
paid to the connection effect consistently during the rolling process, supplementary fine aggregate shall
be added in case there is a shortage of mixed material.

4.10 Longitudinal Duct Construction

Longitudinal duct is very necessary to this project. The longitudinal duct shall be set between the
side drain and the sidewalk or under the sidewalk with inspection well every 20m according to the site

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METHOD STATEMENT ROAD WORKS 23
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condition or Employer's advice. Details shall be referred to the design drawing. The duct shall be in
chest structure with reinforced concrete cast-in-situ.

4.11 Guardrail Construction

The guardrail in this project is including Corrugated Iron Guardrail, Concrete-pipe and Wood-like
Reinforced Concrete Guardrail. Corrugated Iron Guardrail shall be inserted into the subgrade using
vibratory breaking hammer in normal road section while manual foundation pit digging and structure
installation with concrete casting shall be applied in road section with stone at foundation. The concrete-
pipe guardrail shall be cast-in situ. The wood-like reinforced concrete guardrail shall be precast and then
installed at site with high strength mortar filling the joint. The detail refers to the design drawing.

4.12 Sidewalk Construction

The construction of sidewalk shall be arranged after the completion of side drain and
longitudinal duct, and shall be taken filll account of the grooving of sidewalk or the embedding of pipe
fitting required by the road surface drainage.
The construction of sidewalk facing brick shall be carried out after the completion of asphalt concrete
surface pavement, in order to prevent contaminate of the facing brick during paving.

4.13 Road Marking

+Material Specification: The material used for road marking shall be in accordance with relevant
specification.

+ The colour, shape and location shall be in accordance with the requirement in bidding documents and
technical specifications.

+ The road surface shall be swept and washed before marking, and setting out and routing shall be
done after the cleaning and drying. Routing shall be carried out according to the relevant standard
and specifications in the design drawing, routing alignment shall be straight in straight section, and
smooth in the curved section. The connection between straight section and curved section shall be
artistic. The routing shall be done by hot-applied marking machine; the shape of road marking shall
be straight, smooth and artistic, with standard comply with requirement of specification.

+ The width of road marking, the length and gap of dotted line, the gap of double marking line, arrows
and symbols shall be applied complying with the design drawings. The width of lane line and road
edge line shall be 15cm; the width of pedestrian cross line shall be 40cm.

+ The width of all the marking line shall be the same and with same gap, regular line type, neat edge and
smooth shape.
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METHOD STATEMENT ROAD WORKS 24
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+The road marking thickness shall be even with no signs of bubbling, cracking, sticky and falling off;
the thickness shall be 1.8±0.2mm; ballotini shall be spread evenly to the surface of road marking
with a content of 0.3—0.34kg/m .
+Ballotini shall be applied after testing and the approval of Engineer. The application of ballotini shall
be carried out immediately after the spraying of paint with a content of 0.3—0.34Kg/m 2 on to all
the road markings. The application of ballotini shall be even, firm attached and with uniform
reflection.

+ Traffic safety control method shall be applied during the road marking construction with warning
signboard setting in proper locations until the road marking is dry, to avoid vehicle and pedestrian
from going through the construction site, carrying the paint out of construction site or leaving a
track on surface of the markings.

A. The temperature of the paint shall be controlled within the value specified in the instructions from
the manufacturer during paint heating and maximum temperature shall not be exceeded.
Hydrocarbon resin material shall be melted no longer than 6h, while gum resin material shall be melt
no longer than 4h. The spraying or brushing can be applied after 5-10 minutes mixing for the
completely melted normal material.

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METHOD STATEMENT ROAD WORKS 25