%Parts of a scientific paper

. Cover page
3
● The first page of the manuscript
2
● Cover page contains
1
. Title of the document
. The list of the authors
. Data of the last version
. Type of the document
5
. Abstract
● The first section of the manuscript
3
● It describes the content of the manuscript
2
1
. Keywords
● Keywords used to organize the manuscript

. Introduction
4
● The first numbered section of the manuscript
● One of the most frequently read part
● It contains
3
. Context background information
. Problem statement (gain the readers’ attention)
. Response to the problem
2
. Literature Synthesis
● One of the most important section of the manuscript
4
● Show the historical context of the problem
3
● Show the good research needed to solve the problem
2
● The quality of literature synthesis
1
. Coverage
. Synthesis
. Methodology
1
6
. Significance
. Rehetoric
5
4
. Data and Methods
● such as the success and failure of the experiments in the study

. Results
● The meat of the paper
● It is based on the data available

. Discusion
● Optional section in many papers
● Discuss the unresolved issues
● Introduce speculative materials

. Conclusion
● The last numbered section of the manuscript
● The last read section by linear readers
● The first read section by the nonlinear readers

. Acknowledgment
● Not a separate section but a statement at the end of the manuscript about who has
provided help and support in creating the manuscript
● It contains
. Data providers
. Software providers
. Editors
. Internal,external and formal reviewers

. Appendix
● The appendix is not a part of the body of the paper
● It contains tables and lists or questions on survey

. References
● Refer to the authors’ guide
 ● Refer to the authors’ guide

%Alternative organization to the manuscript

● Introduction
● Literature synthesis
● Data and methods
● Results
● Discussion
● Conclusion

%Panctuation marks

=> the signs and symbols used to clarify the meaning behind our writing and to separate
sentences and their parts

1-Period (.)
● Used at the end of declarative sentences
2-Question mark (?)
● Used at the end of question sentences
3-Exclamation point (!)
● Used at the end of exclamatory sentences
4-Comma (,)
● Used to separate the ideas and independent clauses
● It can be found before conjunctions
5-Colon (:)
● Used to introduce new information
● Used to connect clauses
6-Semicolon (;)
● Used to separate elements within sentences
● Used to join clause and a large clause without conjunction
7-Hyphen (-)
● Used to form compound words
● Used to divide a word when there is no enough space for it
8-Dash
● en dash used to indicate the range of time or distance
● em dash used to separate independent clauses
9-Brackets []
● Used to clarify an information within quotes
10-Braces , Curly Brackets {}
● Used in mathematical sets
11-Parenthese ()
● Used to add an information to a sentence
12-Apostrophe (‘)
● Used to show the possessive form of a noun
13-Quotation mark (‘’ ‘’)
● Used to make a direct quotation
14-ellipses (…)
● Used to indicate the removed words from a quote
● It shows that the sentence is incomplete

%Typographical marks

=> are not considered to be punctuation marks but still used in writing and typographical
symbols are avoided in formal writing

1-Asterisk (*)
● Used to add a footnote in a formal writing
2-Ampresand (&)
● Used to replace the word “and”
3-Bullet point (•)
● Used for creating a list
4-Pound symbol
● Used to make a number of something
● Used for hashtag online
5-Tilde (~)
● It means about or approximate
6-Backslash (\)
 ● Used for programing or coding
7-at symbol (@)
● Used for writing an email address
8-caret symbol (^)
● Used to indicate the exponent
9-pipe symbol (|)
● Used to indicate the copywriting

%punctuation in poem
Used to control the reading speed

%Ethics
=> the factor that ties all technical communication together

%Ethical principles of technical communication

● Legality
– The quality of being conformity of law

● Honesty
– The quality to be honest

● Confidentiality
– Protect the private information

● Quality
– Doing your best work

● Fairness
– The quality of being fair and the treatment without favoritism

● Professionalism
– Care about every aspect of the job
%Tips for intercultural communication
. Use simple gramatical structure

. Focus on the body language

. Use high frequency words

. Listen and ask questions

. Use universal images and symbols

. Look for common scripts

%Qualities of a good presentation

1-Clear structure
● Organize your thoughts into a logical flow

2-Engaging opening
● Hook your audience right from the start with an attention statement

3-Relavant content
● Make sure your content aligns with their intrests

4-Effictive visual aids

● Adding images and informative charts to the slide

5-Clear communication
● Keep the language simple and avoid complicated sentences

6-Engaging delivery
● Maintain eye contact
 ● Use expressive gestures

7-Interaction and audience engagment

● Ask questions
● Discuss with audiences

8-Effective storytelling
9-Well Timed Pacing
10-Strong Conclusion

%How to prepare effictive presentation

. Understand the audience and their needs

. Conduct through research on the topic

. Organize the content with a clear structure

. Seek feedback and make necessary adjustments

. Prepare for potential or logistical issues

%Effective techniques to deliver a memorable

presentation
. Confidence and positive body language

. Eye contact with the audiences

. Effective use of hand gestures

. Utilize storytelling techniques

 . Incorporate multimedia elements

. Practice active listening and respond feedback

. Apply 10-20-30 Rule

● Ten slides
● Drive the presentation within 20 minutes
● Use a 30-poin font

. Implement 5-5-5 Rule

● Five seconds for each slide to remain visible
● Limit each slide to five point
● Five words per bullet point

%Common mistakes in technical writing and How to

fix it
. Messy structure
– Make the document virtually unusable
– To fix it
● Think about the overall layouts of the document
● Create a simple outline

. Too much jargon

– To fix it
● Identify the readers and consider what level of technicality will be good for them

. Poor punctuation
– To fix it
● Find a good and modern guide to punctuation and reed it carefully
 . Inconsistency
– To fix it
● Get a sense of the surrounding context

. Too much abstraction

– To fix it
● Replace the abstract by one suitable for the document

. Unclear antecedents

. Dense presentation
– To fix it
● Use simple sentences and avoid complicated sentences

%The most 5 common mistakes in technical and

scientific writing
. Subject and verb agreement
– Adding information before the verb

. Comma after the subject

– Comma never separate a subject from its verb

. References and Referents

– Be extra vigilant about pronouns and phrases that refer backward or forward

. Parallel structure

. Extra long sentences

%Important English writing rules
. Capitalize the right words

. Add commes and periods where needed

. Avoid double negation

. Avoid the passive voice

. Make the writing more natural