This is a teaching resource used to deliver 11/19/23

lectures some of the details explained in

class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

Robila Imran 1
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 11/19/23
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class may not be present in these slides
7 A balloon and a mass are attached to a rod that is pivoted at P.
please refer to class notes for full
balloon
understanding

Momentum 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
P
cm
is the quantity of motion in an object. mass

The balloon is filled with helium, a gas less dense than air, so that it applies an upward force on
the rod.

The rod is horizontal and stationary.

p = m xWhich
v action causes the rod to rotate clockwise?
A Move both the balloon and mass 10 cm to the left.
Momentum is a vector
B Movequantity
both the balloon and mass 10 cm to the 5 right.
Momentum can be negative
8 CA beamMoveofboth as well
the balloon
weight as positive:
6.0 N isand mass to the
suspended 25 cm
from twomark.
strings P and Q.
• If an object is travelling to the right it has positive momentum
D Move the balloon to the 20 cm mark and the mass to the 30 cm mark.
• If an object isString P is 30 cm from the left-hand end of the beam, as shown. String Q is not shown.
travelling in the opposite direction (to the left) will have negative
momentum 8 A car is moving in a straight line on a level road. Its engine provides a forward force on the car. A
second force of equal size acts on the car due to resistive2.0 N
forces.
string P
30 cm
Which statement describes what happens?

A The car changes direction.

3 20 cm
B The car moves at a constant speed. beam

C The car slows down.

6.0 N
D The car speeds up.
The tension in string P is 2.0 N.
9 Which expression gives the momentum of an object?
What is the tension in string Q and where is it attached so that the beam is in equilibrium?
Q9/S18/P21 A mass × acceleration
A 4.0 N at 10.0 cm from the left-hand end
B mass × gravitational field strength
B 4.0 N at 15.0 cm from the left-hand end
C mass × velocity C
C 6.0 N at 10.0 cm from the left-hand end
D 1
2 × mass × (velocity)2
D 8.0 N at 7.5 cm from the left-hand end

9 How is momentum p calculated in terms of the mass m of a body and its velocity v, and what type
of quantity is p?

Q9/S19/P23 equation type of quantity

© UCLES 2018 0625/21/M/J/18 [Turn over
A p=m×v scalar
B p=m×v vector

C p= m scalar
v

D p= m vector
v

B
10 An object is in free fall. The change in gravitational potential energy of the body depends upon its
4 mass m, the change in height h and the gravitational field strength g.

What is the correct expression for the change in gravitational potential energy?
gm g h m h
A gm h B C D
h m g
Robila Imran 2
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 11/19/23
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding
The Conservation of Momentum
In the absence of external forces (such as friction), the total
momentum of a system remains the same.
Or
In a collision, the sum of the momentums before the collision will be
the same as the sum of momentums after the collision.
Sum of Momentumbefore = Sum of Momentumafter
(p1 + p2) before= (p1 + p2) after
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision

•Momentum is conserved for all types of collisions.

Two objects collide and separate

Sum of Momentumbefore = Sum of

Momentumafter
(p1 + p2) before= (p1 + p2) after
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

Robila Imran 3
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 11/19/23
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

Two objects collide and stick together

Sum ofMomentumbefore = Sum of

Momentumafter
(p1 + p2)before= (p1 + p2)after
m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1+ m2) v

3 The engine of an unpowered toy train is rolling at a constant speed on a level track, as shown in
Fig. 3.1. The engine collides with a stationary toy truck, and joins with it.

moving engine
Q3/Sp20/P4
stationary truck

track

Fig. 3.1

Before the collision, the toy engine is travelling at 0.32 m / s. The mass of the engine is 0.50 kg.

(a) Calculate the momentum of the toy engine before the collision.

momentum = [2]

(b) The mass of the truck is 0.30 kg.

Using the principle of conservation of momentum, calculate the speed of the joined engine
and truck immediately after the collision.

Robila Imran speed = [3] 4

[Total: 5]
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 11/19/23
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding 4

9 Two objects X and Y move directly towards each other. The objects have the same mass.
Q9/W19/P21
Object X has a velocity of 5.0 m / s to the right. Object Y has a velocity of 3.0 m / s to the left.

5.0 m / s 3.0 m / s

X Y

Object X and object Y collide and stick together.

What is their velocity after colliding?

A 1.0 m / s to the left

B 1.0 m / s to the right
C 4.0 m / s to the left
D 4.0 m / s to the right

B
10 Brakes are used to slow down a moving car.

Into which form of energy is most of the kinetic energy converted as the car slows down?

A chemical
9
B elastic
C thermal
D sound
Q10/M18/P22
& 5
Q10/S22/P23 11 A man carries 20 tiles from the ground to the roof of a house. Each tile has a mass of 1.2 kg. The
roof of the house is 15 m above the ground.
10 A ball of mass 0.16 kg is moving forwards at a speed of 0.50 m / s. A second ball of mass 0.10 kg
is stationary. How
The much
first ball
workstrikes the
does the second
man ball. gravity
do against The second ballinmoves
on the tiles forwards
carrying at a
them to the speed of
roof?
0.50 m / s.
A 36 J B 180 J C 360 J D 3600 J
What is the speed of the first ball after the collision?
12 A car is moving along a straight horizontal road. The car has 1.6 MJ of kinetic energy. The car
A 0.0 m / s accelerates
B for
0.19
20 smuntil
/ s the kinetic
C energy
0.31 mof/ sthe car increases
D 0.50tom2.5
/ sMJ.

What is the minimum average power developed by the car engine for this acceleration?
11 A ball is at rest at the top of a hill. It rolls down the hill. At the bottom of the
B hill the ball hits a wall
and stops. A 45 W B 205 W C 45 kW D 205 kW

Which energy changes occur?

A gravitational potential energy internal energy kinetic energy

B gravitational potential energy kinetic energy internal energy

C kinetic energy gravitational potential energy internal energy

10 D kinetic energy internal energy gravitational potential energy
© UCLES 2019 0625/21/O/N/19

12 A student cycles along a level road at a speed of 5.0 m / s.

Robila Imran 5
The total mass of the student and bicycle is 120 kg.

The student applies the brakes and stops. The braking distance is 10 m.
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 11/19/23
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

Q7/W22/P22 5

7 A trolley of mass 4.0 kg travelling with a velocity of 4.0 m / s collides with a trolley of mass 2.0 kg
travelling with a velocity of 2.0 m / s in the same direction. After the collision, the velocity of the
4.0 kg trolley is reduced to 3.0 m / s.

4.0 m / s 2.0 m / s 3.0 m / s v

4.0 kg 2.0 kg 4.0 kg 2.0 kg

before collision after collision

What is the velocity v of the 2.0 kg trolley after the collision?

A 0.25 m / s B 4.0 m / s C 5.0 m / s D 16 m / s

8 An object falls towards the Earth’s surface. B

What happens to the gravitational potential energy and to the kinetic energy of the object?

11
gravitational potential
kinetic energy
energy

A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
Impulseincreases
C decreases
The impulse
D is equal to force multiplied
increases by the time for which it acts.
increases

9
Impulse= F x t
A boy takes 0.60 s to lift a book of mass 0.60 kg from the top of a desk and place it on a shelf.
The top of the desk is 0.80 m above the floor, and the shelf is 1.7 m above the floor. The
gravitational
The change field
in strength
momentum is 10of
N /akg.
mass is equal to the impulse provided by the force.
Impulse=change in momentum shelf
F x Δt =Δp=Δ(mv)
=mv-mu
Or = m(v-u)
top of desk
1.7 m

0.8 m

12
Which power does the boy develop?

A 0.9 W B 1.7 W C 9.0 W D 17 W

Robila Imran 6
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 11/19/23
lectures some of the details explained in
4
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class8 notes for
A ship full due North through still water at a speed of 20 m / s.
travels
understanding It enters a channel where there is a current in the water from West to East. The speed of the
current is 20 m / s.
From Newton’s second laws :
Which diagram shows the resultant velocity v of the ship?

A B
4
The acceleration is the change in velocity by the time taken N
6 A skydiver jumps from a stationary helicopter and reaches a steady vertical speed. She then
opens her parachute.
v v W E
20 m / s 20 m / s
Which statement about the falling skydiver is correct?
S
By substituting
A the value
As her of “a”opens,
parachute into the force equation
her acceleration is upwards.
B As she falls at a steady speed with her parachute open, her weight is zero.
20 m / s 20 m / s
C When she accelerates, the resultant force on her is zero.
D When she falls at a steady speed, air resistance is zero.
C D

7 A car moves in a circular path as it turns a corner on a horizontal road.

The car moves at constant speed.

20 m / s v 20 m / s v
path of car
car
13

20 m / s direction 20 m / s
of travel
9 A ball is at rest on the ground. A boy kicks the ball. The boy’s boot is in contact with the ball for
0.040 s.
Q9/W19/P22
The average force on the ball is 200 N. The ball leaves the boy’s boot with a speed of 20 m / s.

Which row gives the impulse of the boot on the ball and the average acceleration of the ball?
Which description of the forces acting on the car is correct?
impulse on ball average acceleration of ball
N s are balanced as the car is
A All the forces s2
m /moving at constant speed.
B
AB 8 unbalanced and the resultant
The forces are 0.8 force acts away from the centre of the circle.
BC 8 unbalanced and the resultant
The forces are 500 force acts towards the centre of the circle.
CD 5000
The forces 0.8 force is in the direction of travel of the car.
are unbalanced and the resultant
D 5000 500
Q8/M17/P22 8 A moving body undergoes a change of momentum.

What is a unit for change of momentum?

C
A Nm B N/m C Ns D N/s

© UCLES 2019 0625/22/O/N/19

14

Robila Imran 7

© UCLES 2017 0625/22/F/M/17

2 (a) Complete Fig. 2.1 by writing in the right-hand column the name of the quantity given by the
product in the left-hand column.

product
This is a teaching resource used to deliver quantity 11/19/23
lectures some of the details explained in
mass × acceleration
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notesforce
for full
× time
understanding 3

2 (a) Complete Fig. 2.1 by writing in the right-hand column the name of the quantity given by the [2]
Q2/W18/P43 Fig. 2.1
product in the left-hand column.

Q2/Sp23/P4 product quantity

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows a man hitting a ball with a golf club.
mass × acceleration

force × time

[2]
Fig. 2.1

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows a man hitting a ball with a golf club.

golf club ball

golf club ball

Fig. 2.2
Fig. 2.2
The ball has a mass of 0.046 kg. The golf club is in contact with the ball for 5.0 × 10 –4 s and
The ball has a mass of 0.046 kg. The golf club is in contact with the ball for 5.0 × 10–4 s and
the ball leaves the golf club the
at ball
a speed
leaves theof 65clubmat/ as.speed of 65 m / s.
golf

(i) Calculate:
(i) Calculate:
1. the momentum of the ball as it leaves the golf club

1. the momentum of the ball as it leaves the golf club

15
momentum = ...........................................................[2]

2. the average resultant force acting on the ball while it is in contact with the golf club.

momentum = ...........................................................[2]

2. the average resultant force acting on the ball while it is in contact with the golf club.
average force = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) While the golf club is in contact with the ball, the ball becomes compressed and changes
shape.

State the type of energy stored in the ball during its contact with the golf club.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
average force = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 7]

(ii) While the golf club is in contact with the ball, the ball becomes compressed and changes
© UCLES 2018 0625/43/O/N/18 [Turn over
shape.

State the type of energy stored in the ball during its contact with the golf club.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/43/O/N/18 [Turn over

16

Robila Imran 8
 6

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a collision at very slow speed between two cars travelling along a straight road.

car B
This is a teaching resource used to deliver car A 11/19/23
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full 6
6
understanding
3 Fig. 3.1 shows a collision
3 atFig.very slowa speed
3.1 shows between
collision at two cars
very slow speed travelling
between along aalong
two cars travelling straight road.
a straight road.

Q3/W21/P42 car B
car B
car A
car A

Fig. 3.1
Fig. 3.1
Car B, of mass 800 kg, is moving at 2.0 m / s and collides with car A, of mass 1000 kg, which is
Car B, of mass 800 kg, is moving at 2.0 m / s and collides with car A, of mass 1000 kg, which is
stationary. After the collision, both carsAfter
stationary. travel in the
the collision, bothsame
cars traveldirection as the
in the same direction initial
as the direction
initial direction of car B.
of car B.

(a) After the collision, car A moves at 1.3 m / s.

(a) After the collision, car A moves at 1.3 m /Fig.
s. 3.1
Show that the speed of car B after the collision is approximately 0.4 m / s.

ShowCar
thatB,the
of mass
speed800ofkg, is moving
car B afteratthe
2.0collision
m / s and collides with car A, of0.4
is approximately mass 1000 kg, which is
m / s.
stationary. After the collision, both cars travel in the same direction as the initial direction of car B.

(a) After the collision, car A moves at 1.3 m / s.

Show that the speed of car B after the collision is approximately 0.4 m / s.
[3]

(b) (i) Calculate the impulse exerted by car A on car B.

17

impulse = ........................................................ [2]

[3]
(ii) State the impulse exerted by car B on car A.

(b) (i) Calculate the impulse exerted by car A on car B. impulse = ........................................................ [1]
[3]
[Total: 6]
(b) (i) Calculate the impulse exerted by car A on car B.

© UCLES 2021
impulse 0625/42/O/N/21
= ........................................................ [2]
impulse = ........................................................ [2]
(ii) State(ii)theState
impulse exerted by car B on car A.
the impulse exerted by car B on car A.

impulse
impulse = ........................................................
........................................................[1] [1]
[Total: 6]
[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21

18

Robila Imran 9
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 11/19/23
lectures some of the details explained in 4
class may not be present
2 Fig.in2.1
these slides
shows a tennis ball approaching a tennis racket.
please refer to class notes for full 4
understanding
2 4
Fig. 2.1 shows a tennis ball approaching a tennis racket.
Q2/W22/P43
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a tennis ball approaching a tennis racket.

Fig. 2.1

The tennis ball hits the racket at a speed of 52 m / s. The average force on the ball during the
time that it is in contact with the racket is 350 N. The speed of the ball after it leaves the racket is
26 m / s in the opposite direction to the initial speed of the ball. The mass of the ball is 58 g.

(a) (i) Calculate the change in momentumFig. 2.1

of the ball while it is in contact with the racket.

The tennis ball hits the racket Fig.at 2.1

a speed of 52 m / s. The average force on the ball during the
time that it is in contact with the racket is 350 N. The speed of the ball after it leaves the racket is
The tennis ball26 mhits thethe
/ s in racket at adirection
opposite speed ofto52 minitial
the / s. The average
speed of theforce on the
ball. The mass ballofduring
the ballthe
is 58 g.
time that it is in contact with the racket is 350 N. The speed of the ball after it leaves the racket is
26 m / s in the(a)
opposite direction to
(i) Calculate thethe initial in
change speed of the ball.
momentum The
of the mass
ball ofitthe
while ball
is in is 58 g.
contact with the racket.
change in momentum = ......................................................... [3]
(a) (i) Calculate the change in momentum of the ball while it is in contact with the racket.
19 (ii) State an equation which defines impulse in terms of force and time.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Calculate the time that the racket is in contact with the ball.
change in momentum = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) change which

State an equation in momentum = .........................................................
defines impulse in terms of force and time. [3]
time = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) State an
(b)equation
Calculate which defines between
the difference impulse the in terms
valuesof of force and energy
the kinetic time. of the ball before and after
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
the impact with the racket.
.....................................................................................................................................
(iii) Calculate the time that the racket is in contact with the ball. [1]

(iii) Calculate the time that the racket is in contact with the ball.

time = ......................................................... [2]

(b) Calculate the difference betweentime = .........................................................

the values of the kinetic energy of the ball before [2] and after
difference in kinetic energy = ......................................................... [3]
the impact with the racket.
(b) Calculate the difference between the values of the kinetic energy of the ball before and after [Total: 9]
the impact with the racket.
© UCLES 2022 0625/43/O/N/22

difference in kinetic energy = ......................................................... [3]

difference in kinetic energy = ......................................................... [3] [Total: 9]

© UCLES 2022 0625/43/O/N/22

[Total: 9]
20
© UCLES 2022 0625/43/O/N/22

Robila Imran 10