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IGCSE-O Level 2020 To May June 2024

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

29 views518 pages

IGCSE-O Level 2020 To May June 2024

Uploaded by

Faayz Omer Akhtar

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 518

Name:_________________________________________________

https://www.youtube.com/@sirmushtaq
https://sirmushtaq.com/

2020-2024
Past Papers & Mark Schemes
M.Mushtaq Hussain

WhatsApp 03125275281
1

Cambridge O Level
* 0 6 2 2 1 5 6 1 6 9 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 2210/12

Paper 1 Theory May/June 2020

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● Calculators must not be used in this paper.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 75.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● No marks will be awarded for using brand names of software packages or hardware.

This document has 12 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

DC (CE/SW) 198767
© UCLES 2020 [Turn over
2
2

1 A Von Neumann model for a computer system has a central processing unit (CPU) that makes
use of registers.

(a) Identify three registers that may be used.

Register 1 .................................................................................................................................

Register 2 .................................................................................................................................

Register 3 .................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) The CPU is responsible for processing instructions.

One stage of processing instructions is the decode stage.

(i) Identify the two other stages of processing instructions.

Stage 1 ..............................................................................................................................

Stage 2 ..............................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Identify the component of the CPU that is responsible for decoding instructions.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

2 Both an interpreter and a compiler can be used when writing a program in a high-level language.

(a) Explain why a programmer would make use of both an interpreter and a compiler.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20

3
3

(b) Give three reasons why a programmer would choose to write a program in a high-level
language, instead of a low-level language.

Reason 1 ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Reason 2 ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Reason 3 ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

3 A company collects and stores data about its customers. The data is stored on a server in the
company’s office.

The data is transmitted to cloud storage to create a back-up.

The data is encrypted using symmetric encryption before it is sent to the cloud storage.

(a) Describe how the data is encrypted.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) Give three other methods that can be used to secure the data in the office.

Method 1 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Method 2 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Method 3 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20 [Turn over
4
4

4 (a) Identify the name and draw the single logic gate that can replace the given logic circuits.

(i)
A
X
B

Name of gate: …………………………… Drawing of gate:

[2]

(ii)
A
X
B

Name of gate: …………………………… Drawing of gate:

[2]

(b) Complete the truth table for the given logic statement:

X = (((A OR C) AND (NOT A AND NOT C)) XOR B)

Working space
A B C X

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1
[4]

© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20

5
5

5 Meena uses a browser to research information for her business.

(a) Give three functions of a browser.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Meena buys products for her business using the Internet.

The Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol is used for transferring data when she buys
products.

One layer of the TLS protocol is the handshake layer.

(i) Describe the purpose of the handshake layer.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Identify the other layer of the TLS protocol.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Identify another protocol that can be used to transfer data securely.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Meena visits a website to buy products for her business.

The browser uses a small file to store the details of the products she views. This allows the
website to display advertisements for other products she may like.

The small file also stores her log-in details.

Give the name of this type of file.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20 [Turn over

6
6

6 Six statements are given about touch screen technology.

Tick (3) to show if the statement applies to Capacitive or Resistive touch screen technology.

Capacitive Resistive
Statement
(3) (3)

Needs pressure to be applied to create a circuit

May not register a touch if the user is wearing gloves

More commonly used in smartphones

More responsive to a touch

Needs an electrical field to be changed to register a touch

Cheaper to manufacture

[6]

© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20

7
7

7 (a) Give the denary value of each of the three 12-bit binary values.

(i) 000000001100

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) 000011000110

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) 010011000001

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

Working space

...................................................................................................................................................

(b) 12-bit binary values can also be represented as hexadecimal values.

Give the hexadecimal value of the 12-bit binary value.

000011101001

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20 [Turn over

8
8

8 Leonard has a new laser printer to print letters for his business.

Leonard connects his printer to his computer using the USB port.

(a) Give three benefits of using the USB port to connect the printer to the computer.

Benefit 1 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Benefit 2 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Benefit 3 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) State two benefits and one drawback of Leonard using a laser printer, instead of an inkjet
printer, to print the letters.

Benefit 1 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Benefit 2 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Drawback ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(c) An interrupt signal is sent from the printer to the computer.

(i) Give two examples of when a printer would generate an interrupt signal.

Example 1 .........................................................................................................................

Example 2 .........................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Many devices send interrupt signals.

Identify the software in the computer that will receive and manage all interrupt signals.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20

9
9

9 (a) Six statements are given about storage devices.

Tick (3) to show if the statement applies to hard disk drive (HDD) storage or
solid state drive (SSD) storage.

Some statements can apply to both.

HDD SSD
Statement
(3) (3)

It has a limited number of read/write cycles

It uses magnetic properties to store data

It has moving parts

It is non-volatile storage

It can be used as an external storage device to back up data

It uses flash memory to store data

[6]

(b) Optical storage is another type of storage.

Give two examples of optical storage.

Example 1 .................................................................................................................................

Example 2 .................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20 [Turn over

10
10

10 Uma is concerned about risks that she may encounter when using the Internet.

Two of the risks she is concerned about are phishing and pharming.

(a) Give one similarity and two differences between phishing and pharming.

Similarity ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Difference 1 ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Difference 2 ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Identify two other risks that Uma could encounter when using the Internet.

Risk 1 ........................................................................................................................................

Risk 2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20

11
11

(c) Uma uses a firewall to secure the data on her computer.

(i) Uma tells her friend that a firewall can only be software-based.

Tick (3) to show whether Uma is Correct or Incorrect.

Correct

Incorrect
[1]

(ii) Describe how the firewall helps to keep Uma’s data secure.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 12
2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a) Any three from: 3

− MAR
− MDR // MBR
− PC // IAR // NIR // SCR
− ACC
− CIR // IR
− IAS

1(b)(i) − Fetch 2
− Execute

1(b)(ii) − Control unit 1

Question Answer Marks

2(a) Any four from: 4

− To translate the high-level language into low-level language
− Interpreter used whilst writing the program
− Interpreter used to debug code line by line
− Compiler used when program completed
− Compiler used to create separate executable file (so compiler no longer needed)
− If it runs first time in a compiler there are no syntax errors

2(b) Any three from: 3

− Easier to understand // Don’t know assembly code
− Easier to debug
− Easier to maintain
− Portable
− Knowledge of manipulating memory locations/registers not required
− Can use an IDE
− Greater range of languages

© UCLES 2020 Page 4 of 10

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 13
2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

3(a) Any four from: 4

− Encryption key is used
− Encryption algorithm is used
− Encryption key / algorithm is applied to plain text
− … to convert it into cypher text
− Same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the text

3(b) Any three from: 3

− Firewall
− Password
− Proxy server
− Physical methods (by example e.g. CCTV, Locks)
− Access rights
− Asymmetric encryption
− Disconnect from network

Question Answer Marks

4(a)(i) − NAND 2

4(a)(ii) − NOR 2

© UCLES 2020 Page 5 of 10

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 14
2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4(b) 4
A B C Working space X

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 1 0 1

0 1 1 1

1 0 0 0

1 0 1 0

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 1
4 marks for 8 correct outputs
3 marks for 6 or 7 correct outputs
2 marks for 4 or 5 correct outputs
1 mark for 2 or 3 correct outputs

Question Answer Marks

5(a) Any three from: 3

− Convert HTML code
− Display web pages
− Check if a website is secure
− Request web pages from a web server
− Send URL/domain name
− Runs active script
− Store history/favourites/bookmarks
− Create tabs

© UCLES 2020 Page 6 of 10

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 15
2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

5(b)(i) − Carries out authentication of server and client 2

− Handles encryption algorithms / keys

5(b)(ii) − Record layer 1

5(b)(iii) Any one from: 1

− SSL
− HTTPS

5(c) − Cookies 1

Question Answer Marks

6 6
Capacitive Resistive
Statement
() ()

Needs pressure to be applied to create a circuit 

May not register a touch if the user is wearing


gloves

More commonly used in smartphones 

More responsive to a touch 

Needs an electrical field to be changed to


register a touch

Cheaper to manufacture 

One mark per correct tick

© UCLES 2020 Page 7 of 10

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 16
2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) − 12 (ignore leading zeros) 1

7(a)(ii) − 198 (ignore leading zeros) 1

7(a)(iii) − 1217 1

7(b) One mark per each correct hex value in correct order 3
− 0E9

Question Answer Marks

8(a) Any three from: 3

− It is a universal standard
− It can’t be inserted the wrong way around
− Supports different transmission speeds
− Automatically detects if correct driver installed

8(b) Two marks for benefits, one mark for drawback 3

Benefits:
− Faster speed of printing
− Can print duplex / on both sides
− Many letters can be printed from one toner cartridge
− Can print in high volumes
Drawback
− Toner cartridge more expensive to buy
− More time to warm-up
− Larger footprint

© UCLES 2020 Page 8 of 10

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 17
2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

8(c)(i) Any two from: 2

− Paper jam
− Out of paper
− Out of toner/ink
− Buffer full
− Awaiting input
− Print complete
− Printer ready

Award any other valid example

8(c)(ii) Any one from: 1

− Operating system
− Interrupt handler
− Interrupt service routine

Question Answer Marks

9(a) 6
HDD SSD
Statement
() ()

It has a limited number of read/write cycles 

It uses magnetic properties to store data 

It has moving parts 

It is non-volatile storage  

It can be used as an external storage device to back-up data  

It uses flash memory to store data 

© UCLES 2020 Page 9 of 10

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 18
2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

9(b) Any two from: 2

− CD (drive)
− DVD (drive)
− Blu-ray (drive)

Question Answer Marks

10(a) One mark for similarity, two marks for differences 3

Similarity:
− Both are designed to steal personal data
− They both pose as a real company/person
Differences:
− Pharming uses malicious code installed on hard drive
− Phishing is in form of an email
− Phishing requires use to follow a link / open an attachment

10(b) − Virus 2
− Malware

10(c)(i) − Incorrect 1

10(c)(ii) Any four from: 4

− Can help prevent hacking
− Can monitor incoming and outgoing traffic
− Can set criteria / rules are set for traffic
− Can check whether traffic meets / defies criteria rules
− Can rejects any traffic that does not meet / defies criteria

© UCLES 2020 Page 10 of 10

Cambridge O Level
* 9 2 0 1 5 8 2 8 9 0 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 2210/22

Paper 2 Problem-solving and Programming May/June 2020

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Do not attempt Tasks 1, 2 and 3 in the copy of the pre-release material on page 2; these are for
information only.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● Calculators must not be used in this paper.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 50.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● No marks will be awarded for using brand names of software packages or hardware.

This document has 16 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

DC (JP) 198772
© UCLES 2020 [Turn over
20
7

Section B

2 Most programming languages include basic data types. Ahmad is describing the basic data types
he has used.

State the data type that Ahmad is describing in each sentence.

Choose the data type from this list of programming terms.

Array Boolean Char Constant Function Integer

Iteration Procedure Real String Variable

A number with a fractional part that can be positive or negative and used in calculations

Data type ..........................................................................................................................................

A whole number that can be positive, negative or zero and used in calculations

Data type ..........................................................................................................................................

A single number, symbol or letter

Data type ..........................................................................................................................................

A sequence of characters

Data type ..........................................................................................................................................

A data type with two values, True or False

Data type ..........................................................................................................................................

[5]

© UCLES 2020 2210/22/M/J/20 [Turn over

21
8

3 (a) An algorithm has been written in pseudocode to input the names and marks of 35 students.
The algorithm stores the names and marks in two arrays Name[ ] and Mark[ ]. The highest
mark awarded is found and the number of students with that mark is counted. Both of these
values are output.

←
←
01 HighestMark 100

←
02 HighestMarkStudents 0
03 FOR Count 1 TO 35
04 OUTPUT "Please enter student name"
05 INPUT Name[Count]
06 OUTPUT "Please enter student mark"
07 INPUT Mark[Counter]
08 IF Mark[Count] = HighestMark

←
09 THEN
10 HighestMarkStudents HighestMarkStudents – 1
11 ENDIF
12 IF Mark[Count] > HighestMark

←
13 THEN

←
14 Mark[Count] HighestMark
15 HighestMarkStudents 1
16 ENDIF
17 NEXT Count
18 OUTPUT "There are ", HighestMarkStudents," with the highest mark of ",
HighestMark

Give line numbers where the four errors are to be found in the pseudocode. Suggest a
correction for each error.

Error 1 line number ...................................................................................................................

Correction .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Error 2 line number ...................................................................................................................

Correction .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Error 3 line number ...................................................................................................................

Correction .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Error 4 line number ...................................................................................................................

Correction .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

© UCLES 2020 2210/22/M/J/20

22
9

(b) Explain how you could extend the algorithm to also find the lowest mark awarded, count the
number of students with that mark, and output both these values.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [6]
© UCLES 2020 2210/22/M/J/20 [Turn over
23
10

4 This flowchart inputs the points won and the points lost when playing a game. The difference
between the points won and lost is calculated and depending on the result the player can: move
up to the next level, stay at the same level, or move down to the previous level. The flowchart
finishes when the input for points won is –1.

START

INPUT
PointsWon, PointsLost

IS
Yes END
PointsWon = –1 ?

Difference
PointsWon - PointsLost

OUTPUT IS
Yes
"Well done Difference > =
move up" 1000 ?

OUTPUT Yes IS
"Sorry move Difference < 0 ?
down"

OUTPUT
"Keep on trying"

© UCLES 2020 2210/22/M/J/20

24
11

(a) Complete a trace table for this set of input data:

5000, 4474, 6055, 2000, 7900, 9800, 3000, 2150, –1, 6700, 7615

PointsWon PointsLost Difference OUTPUT

[3]

(b) The flowchart needs to be changed. When the difference is more than 5000 the output
message is ‘Fantastic leap up two levels’.

Describe the changes that will need to be made to the flowchart.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

© UCLES 2020 2210/22/M/J/20 [Turn over

25
12

5 Arrays are data structures used in programming. Explain what is meant by the terms dimension
and index in an array. Use examples of arrays in your explanations.

Dimension ........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Index ................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[3]

© UCLES 2020 2210/22/M/J/20

26
13

6 A database table, JUICE, is used to keep a record of cartons of fresh fruit juice available for sale.

Juice code Fruit 1 Fruit 2 Size Volume (ml) Stock level

LMO10 Mango Orange Large 1000 18
MOO05 Orange Orange Medium 500 8
SAM02 Apple Mango Small 200 25
SAA02 Apple Apple Small 200 50
SPP02 Pineapple Pineapple Small 200 10
MMM05 Mango Mango Medium 500 12
LMM10 Mango Mango Large 1000 5
MGG05 Guava Guava Medium 500 5
SMO02 Mango Orange Small 200 7
MOP05 Orange Pineapple Medium 500 12
LAA10 Apple Apple Large 1000 32
SGO02 Guava Orange Small 200 10
LPP10 Pineapple Pineapple Large 1000 3
LOO10 Orange Orange Large 1000 25
SOO02 Orange Orange Small 200 40

(a) Identify a suitable field to use as the primary key. State a reason for your choice.

Field ..........................................................................................................................................

Reason ......................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Complete the query-by-example grid to display only the stock level and size of all cartons
containing only apple juice.

Field:
Table:
Sort:
Show:
Criteria:
or:
[4]

© UCLES 2020 2210/22/M/J/20

2210/22 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 27
2020
PUBLISHED
Section B

Question Answer Marks

2 Real 5
Integer
Char/String
String
Boolean

Question Answer Marks

3(a) One mark for error and correction 4

Line 1 HighestMark ← 0
Line 7 INPUT Mark[Count]
Line 10 HighestMarkStudents ← HighestMarkStudents + 1
Line 14 HighestMark ← Mark[Count]

3(b) Any six from: 6

Add variable LowestMark …
… Set this to a high value for example 100
Add variable LowestMarkStudents …
… Set this to zero
Check if Mark[Count] = LowestMark …
… True – add 1 to LowestMarkStudents
Check if Mark[Count] < LowestMark …
… True – set LowestMarkStudenta to 1 and set LowestMark to Mark[Count]
Add extra output statement

© UCLES 2020 Page 6 of 8

2210/22 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 28
2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4(a) One mark for correct input (PointsWon and PointsLost) 3

One mark for correct calculations (Difference)
One mark for correct output

PointsWon PointsLost Difference OUTPUT

5000 4474 526 Keep on trying

6055 2000 4055 Well done move up

7900 9800 -1900 Sorry move down

3000 2150 850 Keep on trying

-1 6700

4(b) Any three from: 3

• Add extra decision box …
• … before checking for difference greater than or equal to 1000
// change Is difference >= 1000 to >= 1000 and <= 5000
• Check for difference greater than 5000
• Add extra Output ‘Fantastic leap up two levels’…
• … before flowline returns to input

© UCLES 2020 Page 7 of 8

2210/22 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 29
2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

5 One mark for explanation of dimension 3

One mark for explanation of index
One mark for inclusion of an example

The dimension is the number of indexes required to access an element.

The index is the position of the element in an array
For example A[25] is the 25th element of a one-dimensional array.

Question Answer Marks

6(a) One mark for field and one mark for reason 2
Field Juice code
Reason only unique identifier

6(b) 4
Field: Fruit 1 Fruit 2 Size Stock level

Table: JUICE JUICE JUICE JUICE

Sort:

Show:    

Criteria: ="Apple" ="Apple"

or:

One mark for each correct column

© UCLES 2020 Page 8 of 8

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 1 8 6 8 6 1 8 8 1 5 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 0478/12

Paper 1 Theory October/November 2020

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 12 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

DC (LK) 186556/2
© UCLES 2020 [Turn over
31
2

1 Tina is creating a website for charity events. She uses HTML to create the website.

(a) State what is meant by HTML.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) She uses the hexadecimal colour code #43B7F0 as the background colour for her website.

(i) State whether background colour is an example of structure or presentation, in the

website.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The hexadecimal colour code #43B7F0 is stored in three 8-bit registers.

Give the 8-bit binary values for each part of the hexadecimal code.

F0
[6]

(i) State whether the microphone is an input or output device.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2020 0478/12/O/N/20

32
3

(ii) She wants to compress the recording to make sure that the file is as small as possible
for the website.

Identify which type of compression she should use and describe how this would compress
the file for the website.

Type of compression .........................................................................................................

Description

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

(iii) Give two benefits of compressing the file for the website.

Benefit 1 ............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Benefit 2 ............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2020 0478/12/O/N/20 [Turn over

33
4

(d) Tina will use the TLS protocol in her website when selling tickets to people for different charity
events. This makes sure that their personal data is transmitted securely.

(i) Identify the two layers that are present in the TLS protocol.

Layer 1 ..............................................................................................................................

Layer 2 ..............................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Explain how data is sent securely using the TLS protocol.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [6]

© UCLES 2020 0478/12/O/N/20

34
5

(e) Tina is concerned about security threats to her web server.

(i) Identify three security threats to her web server that Tina might be concerned about.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Tina installs a proxy server to help protect her website from security threats.

Describe how the proxy server will help protect the website.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

2 Four 7-bit binary values are transmitted from one computer to another. A parity bit was added
to each binary value creating 8-bit binary values. All the binary values have been transmitted
correctly.

(a) Tick (✓) to show whether an Even or an Odd parity check has been used for each binary
value.

Even Odd
8-bit binary value
(✓) (✓)

11111111

01100110

01111011

10000000
[4]

© UCLES 2020 0478/12/O/N/20 [Turn over

35
6

(b) The data will also be checked using a checksum.

Describe how a checksum can be used to check that the data has been transmitted correctly.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [5]

3 Alessandro has some important data stored on his computer.

He is concerned about accidental damage to his data.

(a) (i) Identify three ways that the data could be accidentally damaged.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) State what Alessandro could do to make sure that he can retrieve his data if it is
accidentally damaged.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2020 0478/12/O/N/20

36
7

(b) Alessandro uses an SSD to store his data.

Describe what is meant by an SSD and how it operates to store data.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(c) Alessandro also uses off-line storage to store his data.

Three examples of off-line storage are Blu-ray, CD and DVD.

Six statements are given about off-line storage.

Tick (✓) to show if each statement applies to Blu-ray, CD, or DVD.

Some statements apply to more than one example of off-line storage.

Blu-ray CD DVD
Statement
(✓) (✓) (✓)

A type of optical storage

Has the largest storage capacity

Can be dual layer

Read using a red laser

Has the smallest storage capacity

Stores data in a spiral track

[6]

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4 Consider the logic statement:

X = (((A NAND B) NOR (B AND C)) OR C)

(a) Draw a logic circuit to match the given logic statement.

All logic gates must have a maximum of two inputs. Do not attempt to simplify the logic
statement.

B X

[4]

(b) Complete the truth table for the given logic statement.

A B C Working space X

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1
[4]

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5 Tammy is buying a new computer that has an LED display.

(a) Five statements about LED displays are given.

Tick (✓) to show if each statement is True or False.

True False
Statement
(✓) (✓)

It is a flat panel display

It creates images using red, green and blue diodes

It is not very energy efficient and gives off heat

It can be used in mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets

It is a front-lit display
[5]

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10

(b) Tammy connects the computer to her home network. The computer has a MAC address and
an IP address.

A paragraph is given about MAC addresses and IP addresses.

Complete the paragraph using the list of terms given. Not all terms need to be used.

• compiled
• computer
• control
• dynamic
• identify
• packet
• principal
• protocol
• similar
• unique

A MAC address is a media access …………………………………………………….. address.

A network device has a ……………………………………………………… MAC address that

can help ………………………………………………. the device in the network. An IP address

is an Internet ………………………………………… address. An IP address can be static or

…………………………………………… .
[5]

(c) Tammy uses a browser when accessing the Internet.

Describe the role of the browser.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

© UCLES 2020 0478/12/O/N/20

0478/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 40
2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a) Any one from: 1

− Hypertext Mark-up Language
− Web authoring language // language used to write/create websites/web pages

1(b)(i) − Presentation 1

1(b)(ii) One mark per each nibble: 6

43 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

B7 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1

F0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

1(c)(i) − Input 1

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2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(c)(ii) One from: 4

− Lossy (compression)

Any three from:

− A (compression) algorithm is used
− Removes redundant/unnecessary data from the file
− Removes sounds that cannot be heard by the human ear/background noise
− Reduces sample rate
− Reduces sample resolution
− Data is permanently removed // original file cannot be re-instated
− Perceptual music shaping is used

NOTE: If lossless given, marks can be awarded for a correct description of lossless as follow through.

Any three from (lossless):

− A (compression) algorithm is used
− Repeating patterns are identified
− … are replaced with a value
− … and indexed
− No data is permanently removed // original file can be re-instated
− Suitable example of a lossless algorithm

1(c)(iii) Any two from: 2

− Quicker for her to upload
− Quicker for users to download
− Won’t slow website down as much when loading
− Takes up less storage space

1(d)(i) − Handshake (layer) 2

− Record (layer)

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Question Answer Marks

1(d)(ii) Any six from: 6

− Client/browser requests secure connection to server
− Client/browser requests the server to identify itself
− Server provides a digital certificate
− Client/browser validates the certificate
− Client/browser send signal back to server (to begin transmission)
− Session caching can be used
− A session key is generated
− Encryption method is agreed // data is encrypted

1(e)(i) Any three from: 3

− Hacking
− Denial of service (DoS) attack
− Virus
− Malware

NOTE: Three different type of malware can be awarded

1(e)(ii) Any four from: 4

− Acts as a firewall
− Monitor/filters/examines incoming and outgoing traffic
− Rules/criteria for traffic can be set // blacklist/whitelist set
− Blocks any traffic that does not meet criteria …
− … and can send a warning message to the user
− Stop the website failing in a DoS attack // DoS attack hits the proxy server and not the webserver

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Question Answer Marks

2(a) One mark for each correct row: 4

Even Odd
8-bit binary value
() ()

11111111 

01100110 

01111011 

10000000 

2(b) Any five from: 5

− A value is calculated from the data
− The value is calculated using an algorithm // by example
− The value is appended to the data to be transmitted
− Value is recalculated after transmission
− Values are compared
− If the values match the data is correct // if the values do not match the data is incorrect

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Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) Any three from: 3

− Loss of power/electricity
− Spillage of liquids
− Flood
− Fire
− Human error
− Hardware failure
− Software failure

NOTE: Three different types of human error can be awarded e.g. accidental deletion, not saving data, incorrect shutdown
procedure

3(a)(ii) − Create a backup 1

3(b) Max three from: 4

− Solid state drive
− Non-volatile
− Secondary storage
− Flash memory
− Has no mechanical/moving parts
− Uses transistors
− … and cells that are laid out in a grid
− Uses control gates and floating gates
− Can be NAND/NOR (technology)
− Use EEPROM technology

Max two from:

− Stores data by flashing it onto the chips
− Data stored by controlling the flow of electrons through/using transistors/chips/gates
− The electric current reaches the control gate and flows through to the floating gate to be stored
− When data is stored the transistor is converted from 1 to 0

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Question Answer Marks

3(c) One mark for each correct row: 6

Blu-ray CD DVD
Statement
() () ()

A type of optical storage   

Has the largest storage capacity 

Can be dual layer  

Read using a red laser  

Has the smallest storage capacity 

Stores data in a spiral track   

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PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4(a) One mark for each correct logic gate with correct input: 4

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Question Answer Marks

4(b) Four marks for 8 correct outputs 4

Three marks for 6/7 correct outputs
Two marks for 4/5 correct outputs
One mark for 2/3 correct outputs

A B C Working space X

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 0

0 1 1 1

1 0 0 0

1 0 1 1

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 1

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Question Answer Marks

5(a) One mark for each correct row: 5

True False
Statement
() ()

It is a flat panel display 

It creates images using red, green and blue diodes 

It is not very energy efficient and gives off heat 

It is also used in mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets 

It is a front-lit display 

5(b) One mark for each correct term in the correct place: 5
− Control
− Unique
− Identify
− Protocol
− Dynamic

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Question Answer Marks

5(c) Any four from: 4

− Allows user to view web pages
− Renders HTML
− Allows user to bookmark/favourite web pages
− Provides navigation features
− Allows (multiple) tabs
− Stores cookies
− Records history of pages visited
− Has a homepage
− Runs active script
− Allows files to be downloaded from website/internet
− Sends a request to the IP address/web server (to obtain the contents of a web page)
− Sends URL to DNS
− Manages HTTP/HTTPS protocol

© UCLES 2020 Page 13 of 13

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 1 1 2 9 1 3 8 4 5 2 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 0478/22

Paper 2 Problem-solving and Programming October/November 2020

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 12 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

DC (ST) 185711/3
© UCLES 2020 [Turn over
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8

Section B

2 Tick (3) one box in each row to identify if the statement about subroutines is true or false.

true false
Statement
(3) (3)
A subroutine is called from within a program.

A subroutine is not a complete program.

A subroutine is a self-contained piece of code.

A subroutine must return a value to the code from which it was called.
[2]

3 This pseudocode algorithm is used as a validation check.

PRINT "Input a number from 1 to 5000"

REPEAT
INPUT Number
IF Number < 1 OR Number > 5000
THEN
PRINT "Invalid number, please try again"
ENDIF
UNTIL Number >= 1 AND Number <= 5000
PRINT Number, " is within the correct range"

Identify three different types of test data. For each type, give an example of the test data you
would use to test this algorithm and state a reason for your choice of test.

Type of test data 1 ...........................................................................................................................

Test data ...........................................................................................................................................

Reason .............................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Type of test data 2 ...........................................................................................................................

Test data ...........................................................................................................................................

Reason .............................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Type of test data 3 ...........................................................................................................................

Test data ...........................................................................................................................................

Reason .............................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[6]

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4 This pseudocode algorithm allows 5000 numbers to be entered and stored in an array called
Number.

FOR Count 1 TO 5000

INPUT Number[Count]
NEXT Count

Extend and re-write the algorithm using pseudocode to also count and output how many of the
numbers stored in the array are greater than 500, using the variable Higher. Only output Higher
once with an appropriate message.

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [6]
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5 This pseudocode represents an algorithm.

REPEAT
Flag 0
FOR Count 0 to 3
IF Num[Count] < Num[Count + 1]
THEN
Store Num[Count]
Num[Count] Num[Count + 1]
Num[Count + 1] Store
Flag 1
ENDIF
NEXT Count
UNTIL Flag = 0

(a) The contents of the array at the start of the algorithm are:

Num[0] Num[1] Num[2] Num[3] Num[4]

45 56 30 12 15

Complete the trace table for the algorithm using the data given in the array.

Flag Count Num[0] Num[1] Num[2] Num[3] Num[4] Store

45 56 30 12 15

[5]

(b) Describe the purpose of the algorithm.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]
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11

6 Draw a flowchart symbol to represent each of the following:

Input/Output Decision

[2]

Question 7 starts on Page 12.

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2020 0478/22/O/N/20 [Turn over

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7 The table AUDIOPARTS stores the part number, description, cost and quantity in stock of the
items sold by a music shop.

PartNum Description Cost Quantity

A01 Compact Amplifier Case 50.00 15
A02 Deluxe Amplifier Case 75.00 1
A03 Amplifier Standard 79.99 48
A04 Amplifier Midrange 149.99 50
A05 Amplifier Megablaster 299.99 48
S01 Tweeter 59.99 10
S02 Midrange Woofer 99.99 0
S03 Subwoofer 139.99 16
S04 Tower Speaker Basic 159.99 25
S05 Tower Speaker Skyscraper 219.99 9
S06 Centre Speaker 149.99 25
S07 Soundbar 89.99 2
S20 Soundbar 129.99 0
S21 Ceiling Surround Speaker 75.00 15
S22 Ceiling Full Range Speaker 100.00 1
S25 Surround Speaker 100.00 60
T19 Speaker Stands (Pair) 75.00 60

(a) State the number of records in the table AUDIOPARTS

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Identify the field that is most suitable to be a primary key and give a reason for your choice.

Fieldname .................................................................................................................................

Reason .....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Complete the query-by-example grid to show the items where the quantity in stock is fewer
than 10. Show all the fields from the database table in descending order of cost.

Field:

Table:

Sort:

Show:
Criteria:

or:

[4]
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PUBLISHED 2020

Question Answer Marks

Section B

2 2
true false
Statement
() ()

A subroutine is called from within a program. 

A subroutine is not a complete program. 

A subroutine is a self-contained piece of code. 

A subroutine must return a value to the code from 

which it was called.

Two marks for four correct rows

One mark for any two correct rows

Question Answer Marks

3 One mark for each correct type of test and one mark for each correct 6
accompanying example of test data and reason (max six) e.g.

• Extreme data
• 5000
• to check it is accepted

• Normal data
• 300
• To check it is accepted

• Abnormal data
• 10000
• To check it is rejected

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Question Answer Marks

4 Any six from: 6

MP1 Initialisation of Higher to 0 before the loop
MP2 Use of IF statement
MP3 Correct condition in IF statement
MP4 Correct counting statement inside loop
MP5 OUTPUT/PRINT statement with correct reference to Higher
MP6 Appropriate message in output
MP7 Correct location of OUTPUT and IF statements

Higher ← 0
FOR Count ← 1 TO 5000
INPUT Number[Count]
IF Number[Count] > 500
THEN
Higher ← Higher + 1
ENDIF
NEXT Count
OUTPUT "There are ", Higher, " values that are greater than
500"

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PUBLISHED 2020

Question Answer Marks

5(a) 5
Num Num Num Num Num
Flag Count Store
[0] [1] [2] [3] [4]

45 56 30 12 15

0 0 45

1 45

3 12

0 0

One mark – Flag column

One mark – Count column
One mark – Num[0] and Num[1] columns
One mark – Num[2], Num[3] and Num[4] columns
One mark – Store column

5(b) Any two from: 2

• The algorithm sorts/orders numbers
• … into descending order / from largest to smallest

Question Answer Marks

6 Input/Output Decision 2

One mark for each correct symbol

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Question Answer Marks

7(a) 17 1

7(b) One mark for correct fieldname and one mark for correct reason 2

PartNum

The data stored in this field is unique for each record

7(c) 4
Field: PartNum Description Cost Quantity

Table: AUDIOPARTS AUDIOPARTS AUDIOPARTS AUDIOPARTS

Sort: Descending

Show:    

Criteria: <10

or:

One mark for correct field and table rows

One mark for sort row
One mark for show row
One mark for correct criteria

© UCLES 2020 Page 9 of 9

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 1 8 7 5 9 9 1 1 3 6 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 0478/12

Paper 1 Theory May/June 2021

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (DH/SG) 202677/4
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
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2

1 A denary value can be converted into hexadecimal and binary.

(a) Complete the table to show the hexadecimal and 8-bit binary values of the given denary
values.

Denary Hexadecimal 8-bit binary

123

200

[6]

Working space

...................................................................................................................................................

(b) Give two benefits, to users, of converting binary values to hexadecimal.

Benefit 1 ....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Benefit 2 ....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

Identify three other ways that hexadecimal is used in computer science.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

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3

2 Data storage can be magnetic, solid state or optical.

(a) Six statements are given about data storage.

Tick (3) to show if the statement applies to magnetic, solid state or optical storage. Some
statements may apply to more than one type of storage.

Magnetic Solid state Optical

Statement
(3) (3) (3)
no moving parts are used to store data

pits and lands are used to store data

data is stored on platters

flash memory is used to store data

parts are rotated to store data

data can be stored permanently

[6]

(b) (i) Give one example of magnetic storage.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give one example of optical storage.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Identify which type of storage would be the most suitable for use in a web server and
justify your choice.

Type of storage ..................................................................................................................

Justification ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

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4

3 Consider the logic statement:

X = ((((NOT A AND B) OR C) AND B) NOR (B OR C))

(a) Draw a logic circuit to represent the given logic statement.

Do not attempt to simplify the statement. All logic gates must have a maximum of two inputs.

B X

[6]

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5

(b) Consider the completed truth table for the given logic statement.

Row Working space

A B C X
number
1 0 0 0 1

2 0 0 1 1

3 0 1 0 1

4 0 1 1 0

5 1 0 0 1

6 1 0 1 0

7 1 1 0 1

8 1 1 1 1

There are four errors in the truth table in the output (X) column.

Identify the four incorrect outputs.

Write the row number to identify each incorrect output.

Row .......................

Row .......................
[4]

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4 Three types of Internet security risk are virus, spyware and denial of service (DoS) attack.

(a) Six statements are given about Internet security risks.

Tick (3) to show whether the statement applies to virus, spyware or denial of service. Some
statements may apply to more than one Internet security risk.

Denial of
Statement Virus Spyware service
(3) (3) (3)
captures all data entered using a keyboard

can be installed onto a web server

prevents access to a website

is malicious code on a computer

is self-replicating

damages the files on a user’s hard drive

[6]

(b) Identify three other types of Internet security risks.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

State three ways that data could be accidentally damaged.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

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5 A security light system is used by a factory. The light only comes on when it is dark and when
movement is detected. The light will stay on for 1 minute before switching off.

Sensors and a microprocessor are used to control the security light system.

(a) Identify two sensors that would be used in the security light system.

Sensor 1 ...................................................................................................................................

Sensor 2 ...................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Describe how the sensors and the microprocessor control the security light system.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [8]

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6 Cookies can be used to store a user’s personal data and online browsing habits.

(a) A cookie could be used to automatically enter a user’s payment details when the user makes
a purchase online.

Describe how cookies can be used to store and automatically enter a user’s payment details.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Explain why a user may be concerned about their personal data and online browsing habits
being stored in cookies.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

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7 Jolene uses HTML to create a website. She separates the HTML into structure and presentation.

(a) (i) Give one example of HTML structure.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give two examples of HTML presentation.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Explain why Jolene separates the HTML into structure and presentation.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

8 A keyboard is a type of input device that can be used to enter data into a computer.

Complete the paragraph that describes one method of operation for a keyboard, using the most
appropriate terms from the given list. Not all terms in the list need to be used.

• Binary
• Breaks
• Calculated
• Character
• Circuit
• Current
• Information
• Network
• Press
• Processor
• Signal
• Switch

A keyboard has a key matrix underneath the keys. When a key is pressed, it presses a

............................................. that completes a ............................................. . This allows

............................................. to flow. The location of the key pressed is

............................................. . The location of the key pressed is compared to a

............................................. map to find the ............................................. value for the key that

has been pressed.

[6]

© UCLES 2021 0478/12/M/J/21

0478/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme 692021
May/June
PUBLISHED

Question Answer Marks

1(a) One mark per each correct binary value. 6

One mark per each correct hex value.

Denary Hexadecimal 8-bit binary

49 31 00110001

123 7B 01111011

200 C8 11001000

1(b) Any two from: 2

− Easier/quicker to read/write/understand
− Easier/quicker to identify errors/debug
− Takes up less screen/display space
− Less chance of making an error

1(c) Any three from: 3

− MAC address
− URL
− Assembly language
− Error codes // error messages
− IP addresses
− Locations in memory
− Memory dumps

Question Answer Marks

2(a) One mark per each correct row. 6

Magnetic Solid Optical

Statement () state ()
()

no moving parts are used to store data 

pits and lands are used to store data 

data is stored on platters 

flash memory is used to store data 

parts are rotated to store data  

data can be stored permanently   

2(b)(i) Any one from: 1

− Hard disk drive // HDD
− Magnetic tape

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Question Answer Marks

2(b)(ii) Any one from: 1

− CD
− DVD
− Blu-ray disk

2(b)(iii) One for type of storage, two for matching justification from: 3
− Magnetic // HDD
− (Web server) is likely to receive many requests a day
− (Web server) will likely need to store a lot of data and magnetic is high
capacity
− Magnetic is cheaper to buy for storage per unit than solid state
− Magnetic is capable of more of read/write requests over time // has more
longevity // SSD has more limited number of read/write requests (before
it is no longer usable)
− No requirement for it to be portable, so moving parts does not matter

− Solid-state // SSD
− (Web server) is likely to receive many requests a day
− (Web server) will likely need to store a lot of data and solid-state is high
capacity
− Solid-state is more energy efficient
− Solid-state runs cooler so will not overheat
− Solid state has faster read/write speeds to handle volume of traffic

2(c) Any three from: 3

− Data is flashed onto (silicon) chips
− Uses NAND/NOR technology // can use flip-flops
− Uses transistors/control gates/floating gates …
− … to control the flow of electrons
− It is a type of EEPROM technology
− When data is stored the transistor is converted from 1 to 0 / 0 to 1
− Writes (and reads) sequentially

3(a) One mark for each correct logic gate with correct input. 6

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Question Answer Marks

3(b) One mark per each correct row. 4

− Row 2
− Row 3
− Row 7
− Row 8

Question Answer Marks

4(a) One mark per each correct row. 6

Virus Spyware Denial of

Statement () () service
()

captures all data entered using a keyboard 

can be installed onto a web server  

prevents access to a website 

is malicious code on a computer  

is self-replicating 

damages the files on a user’s hard drive 

4(b) Any three from: 3

− Phishing
− Pharming
− Hacking // cracking

4(c) Any three from: 3

− Human error
− Power failure/surge
− Hardware failure
− Software failure
− Fire
− Flood

5(a) − Light sensor 2

− Motion sensor // infra-red sensor

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Question Answer Marks

5(b) Eight from: 8

− Sensors send data to microprocessor
− Data is converted to digital (using ADC)
− Microprocessor compares data to stored value(s) …
− … if one value or neither values are within range/out of range/match no
action is taken
− … If both values are out of range/in range/match microprocessor sends
signal to switch light on …
− … 1-minute timer is started
− Actuator used to switch on/off light
− When timer reaches 1 minute, microprocessor sends signal to switch
light off
− Whole process is continuous

6(a) Any three from: 3

− Webserver sends (cookie) file to user’s browser
− User’s payment details stored in encrypted text file // data is encrypted to
be stored
− Cookie file is stored by browser/on user’s HDD/SSD
− When user revisits website, webserver requests cookie file // webserver
can access the data stored in the cookie file (to automatically enter
details)
− … and browser sends cookie file back to webserver (to automatically
enter the details)

6(b) Four from: 4

− User does not see what information is stored // might collect data that
user does not know about …
− … so, user may feel their privacy is affected

− A profile could be built about the user …

− … that could expose a user’s identity // lead to identity theft

− Sensitive information stored in cookies could be intercepted in

transmission …
− Other websites could gain access to the cookies stored on a user’s
computer …
− Computer could be hacked to obtain data stored in cookies …
− … so, payment information could be stolen and used by a third party

Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) Any one from: 1

− Placement of text/image
− Margins
− Line break
− Padding

NOTE: Any relevant example of structure can be awarded

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Question Answer Marks

7(a)(ii) Any two from: 2

− Font colour
− Font style
− Font size
− Background colour
− Image size
− Border properties

NOTE: Any relevant example of presentation can be awarded

7(b) Any two from: 2

− Can easily change/edit the style of the webpage
− So, CSS can be used to create a template/style sheet
− Can add new content and apply the same style easily
− Can re-use the presentation/style for other websites

8 One mark for each correct term in the correct order 6

− Switch
− Circuit
− Current
− Calculated
− Character
− Binary

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Cambridge IGCSE™
* 0 3 3 7 1 8 6 9 5 9 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 0478/22

Paper 2 Problem-solving and Programming May/June 2021

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (LK) 202758/1
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
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8

Section B

2 (a) Write an algorithm in pseudocode to input 500 positive whole numbers. Each number input
must be less than 1000. Find and output the largest number input, the smallest number input
and the range (difference between the largest number and smallest number).

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [6]

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(b) Describe how the algorithm could be changed to make testing less time-consuming.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

3 (a) Draw the most appropriate flowchart symbol for each pseudocode statement.

Pseudocode statement Flowchart symbol

IF Number = 20

PRINT Number

Number ← Number + 1

[3]

(b) State the type of each pseudocode statement. For example, X ← X + Y is totalling.
IF Number = 20 ...................................................................................................................

PRINT Number ........................................................................................................................

Number ← Number + 1 ......................................................................................................

[3]

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4 This algorithm checks passwords.

• Each password must be 8 or more characters in length; the predefined function Length
returns the number of characters.
• Each password is entered twice, and the two entries must match.
• Either Accept or Reject is output.
• An input of 999 stops the process.

REPEAT
OUTPUT "Please enter password"
INPUT Password
IF Length(Password) >= 8
THEN
INPUT PasswordRepeat
IF Password <> PasswordRepeat
THEN
OUTPUT "Reject"
ELSE
OUTPUT "Accept"
ENDIF
ELSE
OUTPUT "Reject"
ENDIF
UNTIL Password = 999

(a) Complete the trace table for the algorithm using this input data:
Secret, Secret, VerySecret, VerySecret, Pa55word, Pa55word, 999, 888

Password PasswordRepeat OUTPUT

[3]

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(b) Explain how the algorithm could be extended to allow three attempts at inputting the matching
password. Any pseudocode statements used in your answer must be fully explained.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ [4]

5 A one-dimensional array dataArray[1:20] needs each element set to zero.

(a) Write a pseudocode routine that sets each element to zero. Use the most suitable loop
structure.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Explain why you chose this loop structure.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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6 A database table, PLANT, is used to keep a record of plants sold by a nursery. The table has these
fields:
• NAME – name of plant
• FLOWER – whether the plant flowers (True) or not (False)
• POSITION – shade, partial shade or sun
• SIZE – small, medium or large
• PRICE – price in $
• NUMBERSOLD – how many sold

A query-by-example grid has been completed to display only the price, name and number sold of
small plants that do not flower.

Field: NAME PRICE NUMBERSOLD SIZE FLOWER POSITION

Table: PLANT

Sort:

Show: 3 3 3

Criteria: = "shade"

or:

Identify the errors in the query-by-example grid.

...................................................................................................................................................

Rewrite the corrected query-by-example grid.

Field:

Table:

Sort:

Show:

Criteria:

or:

[5]

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Question Answer Marks

Section B

2(a) Any six from: 6

MP1 Initialisation of large and small variables e.g. Large ← 0 Small ← 1000
MP2 Use of a loop for 500 entries // or 499 if initialisation done on first correct entry
MP3 Input with prompt
MP4 Attempt at checking the range of 1 to 999 for input
MP5 … working range check
MP6 Checking for a whole number
MP7 Selecting largest number
MP8 Selecting smallest number
MP9 Calculating the range
MP10 Outputting the largest, smallest and range with message
Large ← 0
Small ← 1000
FOR Count ← 1 TO 500
REPEAT
OUTPUT "Enter a whole number between 1 and 999"
INPUT Number
UNTIL Number >= 1 AND Number < 1000 AND Number = Number DIV 1
IF Number < Small
THEN
Small ← Number
ENDIF
IF Number > Large
THEN
Large ← Number
ENDIF
NEXT
Range ← Large – Small
OUTPUT "Largest number is ", Large, " Smallest number is ", Small, " Range of numbers is
", Range

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Question Answer Marks

2(b) One mark for action required and one mark for method used 2

Reduce the amount of numbers entered

By decreasing the final value of the loop
or
Remove the need to input values
By using random numbers / a previously populated array

3(a) 3
Pseudocode statement Flowchart symbol

IF Number = 20

PRINT Number

Number ← Number + 1

3(b) IF Number = 20 selection 3

PRINT Number output
Number ← Number + 1 counting

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Question Answer Marks

4(a) One mark for each correct column 3

Password PasswordRepeat OUTPUT

(Please enter password)

Secret Reject

(Please enter password)

Secret Reject

(Please enter password)

VerySecret VerySecret Accept

(Please enter password)

Pa55word Pa55word Accept

(Please enter password)

999 Reject

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Question Answer Marks

4(b) Any four from: 4

• Position: before INPUT PasswordRepeat // at start
• …use a (variable) counter (for number of tries) or flag
• … initialise variable counter or flag

• Position after IF Length(Password) >= 8 THEN or after INPUT PasswordRepeat

• … insert REPEAT/WHILE/(conditional) loop

• Position after OUTPUT "Reject"

• … add one to counter (for number of tries)
• … output a message "Try again"
• … add INPUT PasswordRepeat

• Position after OUTPUT "Accept"

• … reset flag to show password matched

• Position after ENDIF

• … (insert UNTIL/ENDWHILE)to exit the loop after three tries or if the repeated password matches the original

Question Answer Marks

5(a) One mark for: 3

• Use of FOR loop
• Working loop with correct number of Iterations
• Correct assignment
FOR Count ← 1 TO 20
dataArray[Count] ← 0
NEXT (Count)

5(b) (A FOR loop has) a fixed number of repetitions // 1

No need to manage the loop counter //
no need to use another variable for the array index

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Question Answer Marks

6 Any three from: 5

• TABLE row not completed
• POSITION column not required // POSITION criteria not required
• No criteria set in the size column
• No criteria set in the flower column

Field: SIZE PRICE FLOWER NUMBERSOLD NAME

Table: PLANT PLANT PLANT PLANT PLANT

Sort:

Show:     

Criteria: ="small" False

or:

Field: SIZE PRICE FLOWER NUMBERSOLD NAME POSITION

Table: PLANT PLANT PLANT PLANT PLANT PLANT

Sort:

Show:      

Criteria: ="small" = False

or:

One mark for correct rows Field, Table and Show

One mark for correct Criteria row

© UCLES 2021 Page 13 of 13

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 9 3 8 8 8 6 9 5 2 8 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 0478/12

Paper 1 Theory October/November 2021

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (KS/FC) 202713/4
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
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2

1 (a) Denary is a number system that is used by programmers.

Tick (✓) one box to show whether denary is a base-2, base-10 or base-16 number system.

Tick
(✓)

Base-2

Base-10

Base-16
[1]

(b) Hexadecimal values can be used to represent denary values.

Convert these four hexadecimal values into denary values.

05 ......................................................

20 ......................................................

1A ......................................................

AB ......................................................
[4]

Working space

...................................................................................................................................................

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(c) Hexadecimal values can also be converted to binary values.

Tick (✓) one box to show the correct 8-bit binary value for each hexadecimal value.

(i) Hexadecimal value 25

Tick
(✓)

00011001

00100101

10100001
[1]

(ii) Hexadecimal value 1B

Tick
(✓)

00011011

10110001

00011010
[1]

(d) (i) Give one way that hexadecimal is used in website development.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give one way that hexadecimal is used in low-level programming.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

2 A train company wants to install a self-service ticket machine system for its train stations. When
the customer has purchased their tickets, the machine will provide a paper ticket.

(a) One output device that is used in the ticket machine is a display screen.

Identify one other output device that is used in the ticket machine system.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The train company does not want users to use a keyboard or a mouse to enter their data,
when buying a ticket. The company is worried that they may be stolen or get too dirty.

Identify one other input device that would be suitable for use in the ticket machine system, to
allow users to enter their data.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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3 (a) Six statements are given about methods of data transmission.

Tick (✓) to show if each statement applies to serial simplex, parallel simplex, parallel
half-duplex or serial duplex data transmission. Some statements may apply to more than one
data transmission method.

Serial Parallel Parallel Serial

Statement simplex simplex half-duplex duplex
(✓) (✓) (✓) (✓)

bits are transmitted along a single wire

data is transmitted in both directions

it is only suitable for distances less

than 5 metres
bits from the same byte are
transmitted one after the other
data may not arrive in the correct
sequence
data is transmitted in both directions,
but only one direction at a time
[6]

(b) A Universal Serial Bus (USB) connection can be used to transmit data from a mobile device
to a computer.

Give three benefits of using a USB connection for this purpose.

Benefit 1 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Benefit 2 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Benefit 3 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

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5

4 The paragraph explains the operation of different touch screen technologies.

Complete the paragraph using the list of terms. Not all terms in the list need to be used.

• capacitive
• change
• circuit
• conductive
• coordinates
• grid
• heat
• infra-red
• insulating
• light
• manufacture
• pressure
• resistive

In ............................................................................ touch screen technology, an electrostatic field

is present on the surface of the touch screen. The ............................................................................

properties of a user cause a ............................................................................ in the field. The

............................................................................ of the user’s touch can be calculated.

In ............................................................................ touch screen technology, a user pushes the

top layer of the screen and makes it connect with the bottom layer to complete a

............................................................................ .

This type of touch screen is cheaper to ............................................................................ .

[7]

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5 Sammi works for a finance company and has a laptop that he uses for his work. He has confidential
data about his customers stored on his laptop.

Sammi does not connect the laptop to any networks.

(a) Sammi is concerned about his customers’ confidential data being viewed by other people in
his office.

One method he uses to prevent others viewing the data is encryption.

Identify three other methods Sammi could use to prevent his customers’ confidential data
being viewed.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Sammi creates videos for the finance company website that give customers advice about
their finances.

He uses lossy compression to reduce the file size of the videos for the website.

(i) Give three ways that lossy compression can reduce the file size of the videos.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Give one drawback of using lossy compression to reduce the file size of the videos.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(i) Give one reason why he would use lossless compression, rather than lossy compression,
for the videos.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give two disadvantages of Sammi using lossless compression, rather than lossy
compression, for the videos.

Disadvantage 1 .................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Disadvantage 2 .................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

6 A programmer can use translators, such as an interpreter and a compiler, when developing a
computer program.

(a) Give one similarity between a compiler and an interpreter.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Describe two differences between a compiler and an interpreter.

Difference 1 ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Difference 2 ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

(c) Identify one other type of translator.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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7 Five statements are given about devices.

Tick (✓) to show if each statement applies to a 3D scanner, barcode reader or a Quick Response
(QR) code reader. Some statements may apply to more than one type of device.

3D Barcode QR code
Statement scanner reader reader
(✓) (✓) (✓)
uses position and alignment markers for orientation
when scanning

scans the shape and appearance of an object

uses reflected light from a laser to convert

a black-and-white pattern into binary
can often be built into an Electronic Point Of Sale
(EPOS) terminal, for example, a supermarket checkout

it is an example of an input device

[5]

8 An electronic game has three square mats that are coloured red, green and blue.

The player will see a colour displayed on a screen and has 1 second to hit the mat that matches
the colour. If the player hits the correct mat, within 1 second, a counter is incremented. When a
player hits an incorrect mat, the game ends.

The game uses sensors and a microprocessor to determine if the player hits the correct mat within
1 second.

Explain how the game uses sensors and a microprocessor to count the number of times a player
hits a correct mat within 1 second.

..........................................................................................................................................................

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..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [7]

9 Padma opens an application on her computer.

An interrupt is generated to inform the Central Processing Unit (CPU) that the application has
been opened.

(a) Give three other examples of when an interrupt signal could be generated.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) State what would happen if interrupt signals were not used in a computer.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

10 Jermain uses the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol for secure transmission when sending data
using the internet.

(a) Explain how the SSL protocol secures the data for transmission.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Identify an alternative protocol that could be used for secure transmission of data using the
internet.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
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11 Consider the following logic statement:

X = (((A AND B) OR (NOT (B OR C))) NAND C)

(a) Draw a logic circuit to represent the given logic statement.

Do not attempt to simplify the logic statement. All logic gates must have a maximum of two
inputs.

B X

[5]

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(b) Complete the truth table for the given logic statement.

A B C Working space X

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1
[4]

Logic gate 1 ...............................................................................................................................

Logic gate 2 ..............................................................................................................................

[2]

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Question Answer Marks

1(a) − Base-10 1

1(b) − 5 4
− 32
− 26
− 171

1(c)(i) − 00100101 1

1(c)(ii) − 00011011 1

1(d)(i) Any one from: 1

− To represent HTML colour codes
− In error messages

1(d)(ii) Any one from: 1

− Assembly code/language
− Memory address locations
− In error messages
− Memory dump

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Question Answer Marks

2(a) Any one from: 1

− Printer
− Speaker
− Light/LED
− Actuator

2(b) Any one from: 1

− Touchscreen
− Trackpad / touchpad
− Microphone
− QR code reader
− Barcode reader
− Magnetic strip reader
− RFID reader

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Question Answer Marks

3(a) One mark per each correct row. 6

Parallel Parallel Serial

Serial
Statement simplex half-duplex duplex
simplex ()
() () ()

bits are transmitted along a single wire  

data is transmitted in both directions  

it is only suitable for distances less than 5  

metres

Bits from the same byte are transmitted one  

after the other

data may not arrive in the correct sequence  

data is transmitted in both directions, but 

only one direction at a time

3(b) Any three from: 3

− Can charge/power the mobile device (at the same time)
− (Uses serial transmission so) data less likely to be skewed / corrupted
− Universal / industry standard / connection
− Cable can only be plugged in one way // Cannot be inserted incorrectly
− Fast transmission speed
− Backward compatible
− Supports different transmission speeds
− Automatically detects device // Automatically downloads drivers

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Question Answer Marks

4 One mark per each correct term in the correct order. 7

− Capacitive
− Conductive // Capacitive
− Change
− Coordinates
− Resistive
− Circuit
− Manufacture

Question Answer Marks

5(a) Any three from: 3

− Password
− Add a biometric device to the laptop // set biometric password
− Use two-step verification // Use two factor authentication
− Physically lock the laptop away in a secure cupboard // Taking laptop with him at all times

5(b)(i) Any three from: 3

− A compression algorithm is used
− The resolution could be reduced
− Colour depth could be reduced // bits per pixel reduced
− Sounds not heard by human ear could be removed // Perceptual music shaping can be used
− Repeating frames could be removed

5(b)(ii) Any one from: 1

− Quality may be reduced
− Data is lost // original file cannot be reconstructed

5(c)(i) Any one from: 1

− Maintains quality // quality better than lossy
− Original file is retained // Data is not permanently lost
− A significant reduction in file size is not required

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Question Answer Marks

5(c)(ii) Any two from: 2

− Takes more time to transmit file // Takes more time to upload to web server // Takes more time to download to
customer // Web page will load slower
− Takes up more storage space
− Data usage would be increased
− Uses more bandwidth

Question Answer Marks

6(a) Any one from: 1

− They both translate high-level language into machine code / low-level language
− They both check for errors
− They both report errors

6(b) Four from (Max 2 per translator): 4

− An interpreter translates and executes the code line by line
− … whereas a compiler translates and executes the whole code all in one go

− An interpreter stops translating and reports an error as it finds one

− … whereas a compiler produces an error report at the end of translation

− An interpreter does not produce an executable file

− … but a compiler does produce an executable file

− An interpreter will execute the code until it finds an error

− … whereas a compiler will not execute any code if there are errors present

− An interpreter allows correction of errors in real-time

− … whereas a compiler needs to retranslate the code each time after errors are found and corrected

6(c) − Assembler 1

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Question Answer Marks

7 One mark per each correct row. 5

3D scanner Barcode QR code

Statement
() reader () reader ()

uses position and alignment markers for orientation when scanning 

scans the shape and appearance of an object 

uses reflected light from a laser to convert a  ()

black-and-white pattern into binary

can often be built into an Electronic Point Of Sale (EPOS) terminal, for  ()
example, a supermarket checkout

it is an example of an input device   

Question Answer Marks

8 Seven from: 7
− Timer is started
− Pressure sensor (within each mat)
− Sensor sends data to microprocessor
− Analogue data is converted to digital (using ADC)
− Microprocessor compares data to stored value(s)
− If data matches / in/out range microprocessor stops timer
− If data matches / in/out range microprocessor checks if data has come from correct colour mat sensor
− If data matches / in/out range microprocessor checks to see if timer is stopped at less than 1 second
− If data matches / in/out range microprocessor increments counter if timer is less than 1 second and colour/mat is
correct
− If correct colour/mat is hit, timer is reset and the whole process is repeated
− If data has not come from the correct colour mat sensor the game ends

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Question Answer Marks

9(a) Any three from: e.g. 3

− A suitable description of any error that might occur
− A peripheral is connected/disconnected
− A key on a keyboard is pressed
− A mouse button click
− A phone/video call is received
− A buffer requires more data
− A printer has a paper jam
− A printer runs out of paper
− A printer runs out of ink
− When switching from one application to another

NOTE: If three suitable different errors are described, this can be awarded three marks.

9(b) Any one from: 1

− The computer would only start a new task when it had finished processing the current task // by example
− Computer will not be able to multitask
− Errors may not be dealt with
− Computer would become impossible to use

Question Answer Marks

10(a) − Enables an encrypted link (between the browser and the web server) // It encrypts the data 2
− … based on the authentication of an (SSL) certificate // and will only send it if the certificate is authentic

10(b) − Transport Layer Security // TLS 1

10(c) Any two from: 2

− URL begins with HTTPS
− Padlock symbol is locked
− Check the certificate is valid

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Question Answer Marks

11(a) One mark per each correct logic gate with correct input(s) 5

B X

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Question Answer Marks

11(b) 4 marks for 8 correct outputs 4

3 marks for 6/7 correct outputs
2 marks for 4/5 correct outputs
1 mark for 2/3 correct outputs

A B C Working space X

0 0 0 1

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1

0 1 1 1

1 0 0 1

1 0 1 1

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 0

11(c) − NOR 2
− XOR / EOR

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105

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 8 1 3 0 5 0 5 1 1 4 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 0478/22

Paper 2 Problem-solving and Programming October/November 2021

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 12 pages.

DC (LK/FC) 202711/3
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
106
7

Section B

2 Tick (3) one box in each row to identify if the statement is about validation, verification or neither.

Validation Verification Neither

Statement
(3) (3) (3)
a check where data is re-entered to make sure no
errors have been introduced during data entry
an automatic check to make sure the data entered
has the correct number of characters

a check to make sure the data entered is sensible

a check to make sure the data entered is correct

[3]

3 A program checks that the data entered is between 1 and 100 inclusive.

Identify one piece of normal, extreme and erroneous test data for this program, and give a reason
for each.

Normal test data ...............................................................................................................................

Reason .............................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Extreme test data .............................................................................................................................

Reason .............................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Erroneous test data ..........................................................................................................................

Reason .............................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[6]

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4 The pseudocode algorithm should work as a calculator and output the result.

1 Continue 1
2 WHILE Continue = 0
3 OUTPUT "Enter 1 for +, 2 for -, 3 for * or 4 for /"
4 INPUT Operator
5 OUTPUT "Enter the first value"
6 INPUT Value1
7 OUTPUT "Enter the second value"
8 OUTPUT Value2
9 IF Operator
10 1: Answer Value1 + Value2
11 2: Answer Value1 - Value2
12 3: Answer Value1 * Value2
13 4: Answer Value1 / Value2
14 ENDCASE
15 OUTPUT "The answer is ", Value1
16 OUTPUT "Do you wish to enter more values (Yes or No)?"
17 INPUT MoreValues
18 IF MoreValues = "No"
19 THEN
20 Continue 1
21 ENDIF
22 UNTIL Continue = 0

(a) Find the five errors in the pseudocode and suggest a correction for each error.

Error 1 .......................................................................................................................................

Correction .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Error 2 .......................................................................................................................................

Correction .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Error 3 .......................................................................................................................................

Correction .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Error 4 .......................................................................................................................................

Correction .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Error 5 .......................................................................................................................................

Correction .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[5]
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(b) The algorithm needs changing to allow only the numbers 1, 2, 3, or 4 to be entered for the
input variable Operator.

Write the pseudocode to perform this task and state where in the algorithm it would be
located.

Pseudocode ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Location in algorithm ................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[5]

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5 The flowchart represents an algorithm.

The algorithm will terminate if –1 is entered at the List input.

START

List1 ←0
List2 ←0
INPUT
List

Yes IS
List = –1 ?

INPUT
Value

IS
List = 1 ?
Yes
List1 ← List1 + Value
No

IS
List = 2 ?
Yes
List2 ← List2 + Value
OUTPUT
"List 1 = ", List1
No

OUTPUT OUTPUT
"List 2 = ", List2 "Input Error"

IS Yes
List1 > List2 ?

No
OUTPUT
"List 1 is greatest"

OUTPUT
"List 2 is greatest"

END

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Complete the trace table for the algorithm using this input data:

2, 77, 2, 16, 1, 35, 2, –7, 5, 18, 1, 11, 1, 12, 2, 20, –1, 18

List Value List1 List2 OUTPUT

[5]

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6 A pet supplier uses the database table, STOCK, to keep records of its products for pets.

The fields are:

Field name Description

ProductID code to identify the product
ProductName name of product
ProductDescription information about the product
Animal type of animal the product is for, e.g. cat, bird, horse
ProductType type of product, e.g. food, toy, medicine
InStock whether the product is in stock or not

(a) (i) Identify the field that could have a Boolean data type.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Identify the field that should be used as the primary key.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Complete the query-by-example grid to output the products intended for a cat that are in
stock. Display only the primary key and the name of the products. The output should be
sorted by the primary key.

Field:

Table:

Sort:

Show:

Criteria:

or:

[4]

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Question Answer Marks

Section B

2 One mark for two correct rows 3

Two marks for three correct rows
Three marks for four correct rows.

Statement Validation Verification Neither

() () ()

a check where data is re-entered to make sure no errors have 

been introduced during data entry

an automatic check to make sure the data entered has the correct 
number of characters

a check to make sure the data entered is sensible 

a check to make sure the data entered is correct 

Question Answer Marks

3 One mark per bullet point 6

Normal test data

• Test data e.g. 50 (allow any number between 1 and 100 inclusive)
• Reason Data that is within range and should be accepted

Extreme test data

• Test data 100 / 1
• Reason Data at the maximum / minimum end of the range and should be accepted

Erroneous test data

• Test data e.g. 300 (allow anything that isn’t between 1 and 100 inclusive, including other data types)
• Reason Data outside the range that should be rejected

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Question Answer Marks

4(a) One mark for error identified and suggested correction (Max three) 5

Line 8 OUTPUT Value2 – should be INPUT Value2

Line 9 IF Operator – should be CASE OF Operator
Line 15 OUTPUT "The answer is ", Value1 – should be Answer

The loop may be corrected using a number of alternative methods:

One mark for error identified and suggested correction (Max two)

Method 1
Line 1 Continue ← 1 should be Continue ← 0
Line 22 UNTIL Continue = 0 should be ENDWHILE // Line 2 WHILE Continue = 0 should be REPEAT and Line
22 UNTIL Continue = 0 should be Until Continue = 1

Method 2
Line 2 WHILE Continue = 0 should be REPEAT
Line 20 Continue ← 1 should be Continue ← 0 // Line 1 Continue ← 1 should be Continue ← 0 and Line
22 UNTIL Continue = 0 should be Until Continue = 1

Method 3
Line 2 WHILE Continue = 0 should be WHILE Continue = 1
Line 20 Continue ← 1 should be Continue ← 0 and Line 22 UNTIL Continue = 0 should be ENDWHILE

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Question Answer Marks

4(a) Corrected algorithm example 1

1 Continue ← 0
2 WHILE Continue = 0 (DO)
3 OUTPUT "Enter 1 for +, 2 for -, 3 for * or 4 for /"
4 INPUT Operator
5 OUTPUT "Enter the first value"
6 INPUT Value1
7 OUTPUT "Enter the second value"
8 INPUT Value2
9 CASE OF Operator
10 1: Answer ← Value1 + Value2
11 2: Answer ← Value1 - Value2
12 3: Answer ← Value1 * Value2
13 4: Answer ← Value1 / Value2
14 ENDCASE
15 OUTPUT "The answer is ", Answer
16 OUTPUT "Do you wish to enter more values (Yes or No)?"
17 INPUT MoreValues
18 IF MoreValues = "No"
19 THEN
20 Continue ← 1
21 ENDIF
22 ENDWHILE

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Question Answer Marks

4(a) Corrected algorithm example 2

1 Continue ← 1
2 REPEAT
3 OUTPUT "Enter 1 for +, 2 for -, 3 for * or 4 for /"
4 INPUT Operator
5 OUTPUT "Enter the first value"
6 INPUT Value1
7 OUTPUT "Enter the second value"
8 INPUT Value2
9 CASE OF Operator
10 1: Answer ← Value1 + Value2
11 2: Answer ← Value1 - Value2
12 3: Answer ← Value1 * Value2
13 4: Answer ← Value1 / Value2
14 ENDCASE
15 OUTPUT "The answer is ", Answer
16 OUTPUT "Do you wish to enter more values (Yes or No)?"
17 INPUT MoreValues
18 IF MoreValues = "No"
19 THEN
20 Continue ← 0
21 ENDIF
22 UNTIL Continue = 0

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Question Answer Marks

4(b) One mark per bullet 5

MP1 Appropriate loop (begin and end) / otherwise selection
MP2 Testing both ends of condition
MP3 Suitable message
MP4 Input/re-input

WHILE Operator < 1 OR Operator > 4 (DO)

OUTPUT "Enter 1, 2, 3 or 4"
INPUT Operator
ENDWHILE

Alternative answer
REPEAT
IF Operator < 1 OR Operator > 4
THEN
OUTPUT "Enter 1, 2, 3 or 4"
INPUT Operator
ENDIF
UNTIL Operator >= 1 AND Operator <= 4

One mark

After line 4 / between lines 2 and 5

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Question Answer Marks

5 One mark for each correct column 5

List Value List1 List2 OUTPUT

0 0

77 77

16 93

35 35

-7 86

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Question Answer Marks

5 List Value List1 List2 OUTPUT

18 Input Error

11 46

12 58

20 106

-1 List 1 = 58

List 2 = 106

List 2 is greatest

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Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) InStock 1

6(a)(ii) ProductID 1

6(b) One mark for correct fieldnames 4

One mark for correct table names and show fields
One mark for correct sort
One mark for correct search criteria in all columns

Field: ProductID ProductName Animal InStock

Table: STOCK STOCK STOCK STOCK

Sort: Ascending

Show:     

Criteria: =“cat” =Yes

or:

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Cambridge IGCSE™
* 4 9 1 4 2 9 0 2 3 5 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 0478/12

Paper 1 Theory May/June 2022

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 12 pages.

DC (RW) 303775/2
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2

1 (a) Denary values are converted to binary values to be processed by a computer.

Draw one line from each denary value to the correctly converted 8‑bit binary value.

Denary 8-bit binary

00100001

41
10100110

00101001

174

10000110

10101110
86

01010110

[3]

Working space

...................................................................................................................................................

(b) Binary values can also be converted to denary values.

Give the correct denary value for the 12‑bit binary value 000101010111
Show all your working.

...................................................................................................................................................

Denary value ..........................................................

[2]

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3

2 Hexadecimal is used for Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) colour codes.

An HTML colour code is:

#2F15D6
Each pair of digits is stored as binary in an 8‑bit register.

(a) Give the 8‑bit binary value that would be stored for each pair of hexadecimal digits.

[6]

Working space

...................................................................................................................................................

(b) HTML colour codes and Media Access Control (MAC) addresses are two examples of where
hexadecimal is used in Computer Science.

Give two other examples of where hexadecimal can be used in Computer Science.

Example 1 .................................................................................................................................

Example 2 .................................................................................................................................
[2]

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4

(c) Websites can be created using HTML structure and presentation.

State what is meant by HTML structure and presentation.

Give an example of each in your answer.

Structure ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Presentation .............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

(d) Explain why presentation is often separated from structure when creating a web page.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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5

3 Joelle is a student who uses the Internet.

(a) The table contains five terms or definitions that relate to the Internet.

Complete the table by writing each missing term or definition.

Term Definition

........................................................................................

browser ........................................................................................

........................................................................................

this is the company that provides a user with a

...................................................
connection to the Internet

this is a protocol that is used to send data for web

...................................................
pages across the Internet

........................................................................................

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ........................................................................................

........................................................................................

cookie ........................................................................................

........................................................................................

[5]

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6

(b) Joelle uses a firewall to keep her data safe when she uses the Internet.

Tick (3) to show which statement about firewalls is true.

Tick (3)

Firewalls can only be hardware‑based

Firewalls can only be software‑based

Firewalls can be hardware‑based or software‑based

[1]

Explain how the firewall is used to limit the websites that Joelle can access.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

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4 Jason is a programmer who writes computer programs in a high‑level language.

(a) Describe what is meant by a high‑level language.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Jason wants to distribute a computer program he has written. He is considering distributing it
to users as freeware or free software.

(i) Explain one drawback to a user if the program is distributed as freeware.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Explain one benefit to a user if the program is distributed as free software.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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5 Consider the following logic statement:

X = ((A OR B) AND (NOT (B XOR C)) AND C)

(a) Draw a logic circuit to represent the given logic statement.

Do not attempt to simplify the logic statement. All logic gates must have a maximum of two
inputs.

B X

[5]

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(b) Complete the truth table for the given logic statement.

Working space
A B C X

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1
[4]

6 Millions of emails are sent between users on a daily basis.

(a) Identify two online security attacks that can be carried out using email.

Describe how email is used to enable the attack.

Online security attack 1 ............................................................................................................

Description ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Online security attack 2 ............................................................................................................

Description ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[6]

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(b) Online security attacks can maliciously damage data.

One security method to keep data safe from online attacks is a firewall.

Identify two other security methods that keep data safe from online attacks.

Security method 1 .....................................................................................................................

Security method 2 .....................................................................................................................

[2]

(c) Data can also be damaged accidentally.

One example of how data can be damaged accidentally is by shutting down a computer
before saving data. To prevent this from happening, a user should make sure they have
saved all data before shutting down a computer.

Complete the table by giving three other examples of how data can be damaged accidentally.

Give a method of prevention for each example.

Example Method of prevention

...................................................................... ......................................................................

......................................................................

...................................................................... ......................................................................

......................................................................

...................................................................... ......................................................................

......................................................................

[6]

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7 Cassie stores data for her business every day. She stores the data using optical data storage.

(a) Identify three examples of optical data storage.

Example 1 .................................................................................................................................

Example 2 .................................................................................................................................

Example 3 .................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Six statements are given about the operation of three different types of storage.

Tick (3) to show which statements apply to each type of storage. Some statements may
apply to more than one type of storage.

Type of storage
Magnetic Optical Solid state
Statement
(3) (3) (3)

this storage has no moving parts

this storage uses a laser to read and write data

this storage uses a read/write head

this storage burns pits onto a reflective surface

this storage uses NAND and NOR technology

this storage stores data in tracks and sectors

[6]

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8 Sam develops a software application. He distributes a version of the software as shareware.

(a) Describe what is meant by shareware.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) Identify three ethical issues that may need to be considered when developing and distributing
software.

Ethical issue 1 ..........................................................................................................................

Ethical issue 2 ..........................................................................................................................

Ethical issue 3 ..........................................................................................................................

[3]

Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

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Question Answer Marks

1(a) One mark for each correct line 3

Denary 8-bit binary

00100001

41 10100110

00101001

174

10000110

86 10101110

01010110

1(b) One mark for correct working, one mark for correct answer 2

Working e.g.
 256  64  16  4  2  1

Answer:
 343

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Question Answer Marks

2(a) Two marks each correct conversion (one mark for the first four bits, one mark for the second four bits) 6

0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
2F

0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
15

1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
D6

2(b) Any two from: 2

 IP address
 Error messages/codes
 Assembly language // low-level language
 URL // web address
 Memory dumps
 Locations in memory

2(c) One mark for a description, one mark for a correct example 4

Structure
 Layout of the web page
 e.g. Where text is placed

Presentation
 Formatting of the web page
 e.g. the colour of the font

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Question Answer Marks

2(d) Two from: 2

 The formatting of the page can be changed/edited without needing to alter the structure
 … so, they can make regular updates without needing to check the structure

 The formatting document can be used again for a different website …

 If further content and web pages are added to the website, the necessary formatting can be easily applied …
 … so, this can save time when developing/updating a website
 Allows use of CSS to standardise formatting
 … so, CSS only needs to be created once (to be applied to each webpage)

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Question Answer Marks

3(a) One mark for the correct term or definition 5

Term Definition

browser Software/application that allows users to view web

pages / render HTML

Internet Service this is the company that provides a user with a

provider // ISP connection to the Internet

HTTP // HTTPS this is a protocol that is used to send data for web
pages across the Internet

Uniform Resource a text-based version of a web address

Locator (URL)

cookie a text file (stored by web browser) that contains data

about a user’s browsing habits/details/preferences

3(b)  Hardware or software based 1

3(c) Four from: 4

 (The parent can) set criteria for the websites she is allowed to visit
 … such as a whitelist/blacklist of websites
 The firewall will examine the data/traffic incoming and outgoing from her computer
 If data is sent from a website that is not allowed, it will be blocked

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Question Answer Marks

4(a) Any three from: 3

 It uses English-like statements

 It needs to be converted to machine code (to be processed by a computer)
 … using a translator
 It is portable
 One line of code can perform multiple commands

4(b)(i) Two from: 2

 The user is not allowed to access the source code …

 … so, they cannot tailor the software to their needs
 … so, they cannot fix any bugs in it
 The software is still covered by copyright
 The user must get the owner’s permission to do anything beyond using it

4(b)(ii) Two from: 2

 The user can access the source code …

 … so, they can tailor the software to their needs
 … so, they can fix any bugs in it
 … so, the source code could be studied for educational purposes
 The user can redistribute the software/program …
 … but this must be done under the same terms as the original software

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Question Answer Marks

5(a) One mark for each correct logic gate with correct input(s) 5

5(b) Four marks for 8 correct outputs 4

Three marks for 6/7 correct outputs
Two marks for 4/5 correct outputs
One mark for 2/3 correct outputs

A B C Working space X

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 1 0 0

0 1 1 1

1 0 0 0

1 0 1 0

1 1 0 0

1 1 1 1

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Question Answer Marks

6(a) One mark for identifying the attack, two marks for the description 6

 Phishing
 Email is sent to user to encourage them to click link
 … that takes user to fake website

Pharming
 Email is sent to user to encourage them to click link/download attachment
 … that triggers download of malicious code that will redirect user to fake website

Virus/malware
 Email is sent to user to encourage them to click link/download attachment
 … that triggers download of virus/malware

Denial of service // DoS

 A very large number of emails are sent to a server/network at the same time
 … crashing the server/network

6(b) Any two from: 2

 Encryption
 Password
 Two-step / Two-factor authentication/verification
 Biometric device
 Anti-malware // Anti-virus
 Proxy-server

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Question Answer Marks

6(c) One mark for identifying an issue, one mark for suggesting a suitable prevention 6

 Power surge/loss (damages hardware)

 Use a UPS

 Water can be spilled on the device

 Don’t have water near the device
 Keep device in a waterproof box when not is use

 Fire can destroy device

 Use electrics safety
 Keep device in a fireproof box when not is use

 Data is accidentally deleted

 Add verification method for data deletion
 Set access levels for data to limit who can delete the data

 Incorrect use of storage device

 Making sure device is ejected before removing

 Physical damage to hardware // hardware failure

 Correct care and maintenance of hardware

 Software failure
 Making sure it is always up to date // enable automatic updates

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Question Answer Marks

7(a) Three from: 3

 CD
 DVD
 Blu-ray

7(b) One mark for each correct row 6

Type of storage

Statement Magnetic Optical Solid

() () state
()

this storage has no moving parts 

this storage uses a laser to read and write data 

this storage uses a read/write head  

this storage burns pits onto a reflective surface 

this storage uses NAND and NOR technology 

this storage stores data in tracks and sectors  ()

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Question Answer Marks

8(a) Any four from: 4

 Trial version of software

 … for a limited time / number of uses
 … with limited features
 … free of charge
 If full version is required need to pay fee / sign up // When trial over user is asked to pay / sign up
 Protected by copyright
 Type of software licence

8(b) Any three from: 3

e.g.
 Copyright
 Plagiarism
 Production/distribution of malware
 Intellectual property theft
 Privacy of data
 Age appropriation
 Offensive materials
 Environmental impact of distribution media e.g. CDs
 Accessibility of software
 Security of software
 Following guidelines of professional bodies e.g. ACM/IEEE/BCS

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Cambridge IGCSE™
* 6 5 6 8 1 1 8 8 5 0 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 0478/22

Paper 2 Problem-solving and Programming May/June 2022

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 12 pages.

DC (PQ) 303914/4
© UCLES 2022 [Turn over
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8

Section B

2 An algorithm allows a user to input their password and checks that there are at least eight
characters in the password. Then, the user is asked to re-input the password to check that both
inputs are the same. The user is allowed three attempts at inputting a password of the correct
length and a matching pair of passwords. The pre-defined function LEN(X) returns the number of
characters in the string, X

01 Attempt 0 ←
02 REPEAT
03 PassCheck TRUE ←
04 OUTPUT "Please enter your password "
05 INPUT Password
06 IF LEN(Password) < 8
07 THEN
08 PassCheck TRUE ←
09 ELSE
10 OUTPUT "Please re-enter your password "
11 INPUT Password2
12 IF Password <> Password
13 THEN
14 PassCheck FALSE ←
15 ENDIF
16 ENDIF
17 Attempt ←
Attempt + 1
18 UNTIL PassCheck OR Attempt <> 3
19 IF PassCheck
20 THEN
21 OUTPUT "Password success"
22 ELSE
23 OUTPUT "Password fail"
24 ENDIF

(a) Identify the three errors in the pseudocode and suggest a correction to remove each error.

Error 1 .......................................................................................................................................

Correction .................................................................................................................................

Error 2 .......................................................................................................................................

Correction .................................................................................................................................

Error 3 .......................................................................................................................................

Correction .................................................................................................................................
[3]

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(b) The algorithm includes two types of check on the data input.
Identify and describe each type of check.

Type of check 1 ........................................................................................................................

Description ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Type of check 2 ........................................................................................................................

Description ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

Each set of test data and its reason must be different.

Set 1 .........................................................................................................................................

Reason .....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Set 2 .........................................................................................................................................

Reason .....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

3 (a) Describe a one-dimensional array. Include an example of an array declaration.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Explain how indexing could be used to search for a value stored in a one-dimensional array.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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4 This algorithm checks the temperature of hot food being served to customers.
Error

START

Counter 0
Hot 0
Cold 0
Serve 0

INPUT Temp

Is Temp Yes Error

= –1? ((Hot + Cold) / Counter) * 100

Is Temp Yes OUTPUT

Hot Hot + 1
> 86? "Too Hot"

Counter No
Counter + 1 OUTPUT
Error
Is Temp Yes
Cold Cold + 1
< 63?
No
OUTPUT
Serve Serve + 1 "Too Cold"
END

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(a) Complete the trace table for the algorithm using this input data:

75, 78, 84, 87, 91, 80, 75, 70, 65, 62, –1, 20

Counter Hot Cold Serve Temp Error OUTPUT

[7]

(b) State how the final output from the algorithm could be improved.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Identify the process in the algorithm that is not required.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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5 A database table, NURSE, is used to keep a record of disposable items worn by veterinary nurses.

This is part of the table:

ItemNumber Description SingleUse Uses StockLevel ReorderLevel

DIG1 Glove (pair) Y 1 500 800

DIA1 Apron Y 1 700 800

DIM5 Hair net Y 1 650 500

DIA2 Apron N 5 25 100

DIS4 Suit N 3 70 50

DIV9 Shoe cover (pair) Y 1 400 250

(a) Complete this query-by-example grid to display only the item number and the description of
single use items, where the stock level is below the reorder level.

Field:

Table:

Sort:

Show:

Criteria:

or:
[4]

(b) Give a reason why the field SingleUse is not required in the table NURSE.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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0478/22 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme 148
May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

Section B

2(a) One mark per mark point, max three 3

 line 8 / PassCheck  TRUE
correction PassCheck  FALSE
 line 12 / IF Password <> Password
correction IF Password2 <> Password // IF Password <> Password2
 line 18 / UNTIL PassCheck OR Attempt <> 3
correction UNTIL PassCheck OR Attempt = 3 / UNTIL PassCheck OR Attempt >= 3

2(b) One mark check, one mark matching description, max four 4
Check: validation // length check
Description length check // checks number of characters in password
Check: verification // double entry
Description double entry // comparison that two inputs are the same

2(c) One mark per set, one mark matching reason, max four 4
Set 1 – any appropriate example e.g. “small”
Reason must follow through from the password given e.g. abnormal data will be rejected
Set 2 – any different appropriate example e.g. “password” and “password”
Reason must be different and follow through from the password given e.g. normal data will be accepted

Question Answer Marks

3(a) One mark per mark point, max two 3

 a list / one column of items
 … of the same data type
 … stored under a single identifier
 … with a single index to identify each element

One mark for an example of a declaration

 example e.g. DECLARE MyArray[1:10] OF INTEGER

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Question Answer Marks

3(b) One mark per mark point, max two 2

 using a counter to index the array
 so that the same code can be repeatedly used to check every element // every element can be checked in a loop

Question Answer Marks

4(a) One mark for each correct column 7

Counter Hot Cold Serve Temp Error OUTPUT

0 0 0 0

1 1 75

2 2 78

3 3 84

4 1 87 Too Hot

5 2 91 Too Hot

6 4 80

7 5 75

8 6 70

9 7 65

10 1 62 Too Cold

-1 30 30

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May/June 2022
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4(b)  include a message to explain the value output / e. g. “The percentage of meals not served” // 1
outputting Hot, Cold and Serve

4(c)  updating the Serve variable // Serve  Serve + 1 1

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May/June 2022
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Question Answer Marks

5(a) One mark per mark point, max four 4

 correct rows Field and Table
 correct row Show
 correct Criteria for SingleUse or/and Uses
 correct Criteria for StockLevel less than ReorderLevel

Field: ItemNumber Description SingleUse StockLevel

Table: NURSE NURSE NURSE NURSE

Sort:

Show:    

Criteria: True <[ReorderLevel]

or:

Or
Field: ItemNumber Description Uses StockLevel

Table: NURSE NURSE NURSE NURSE

Sort:

Show:    

Criteria: =1 <[ReorderLevel]

or:

5(b) the field Uses already shows this information // duplication of data // redundant data 1

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152

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 6 1 0 4 1 1 8 3 2 6 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 0478/12

Paper 1 Theory October/November 2022

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 12 pages.

DC (MB) 303733/3
© UCLES 2022 [Turn over
153
2

1 A bus station has a ticket machine.

A customer can use the ticket machine to select and pay for their ticket.

One input device built into the ticket machine is a touch screen.

(a) Identify two other input devices that could be built into the ticket machine.

Input device 1 ...........................................................................................................................

Input device 2 ...........................................................................................................................

[2]

(b) The ticket machine has a help icon that a user can touch to contact customer support.

The ticket machine has an output device that allows the user to hear the customer support
person.

Identify an output device that would be used for this purpose.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(i) Describe how resistive touch screen technology operates to recognise a user’s touch.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

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3

(ii) Give two benefits of using resistive touch screen technology for the ticket machine.

Benefit 1 ............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Benefit 2 ............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) Give two drawbacks of using resistive touch screen technology for the ticket machine.

Drawback 1 .......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Drawback 2 .......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iv) Identify one other touch screen technology that could have been used.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) The computer in the ticket machine uses the stored program concept.

Describe the stored program concept.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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4

(e) The computer in the ticket machine has an operating system.

One function of the operating system is to provide an interface for the user.

State three other functions of the operating system.

Function 1 .................................................................................................................................

Function 2 .................................................................................................................................

Function 3 .................................................................................................................................
[3]

(f) The computer uses 12-bit binary registers to store data whilst it is being processed.

Customers are given a denary ticket number.

(i) Give the 12-bit binary value that is stored in the register for each denary ticket number.

100 ....................................................................................................................................

235 ....................................................................................................................................

301 ....................................................................................................................................

Working space

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

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5

(ii) Show the denary ticket number that would be given to the customer for each 12-bit binary
value.

000000010110 ...................................................................................................................

000001110111 ...................................................................................................................

001101011001 ...................................................................................................................

Working space

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(iii) Binary values can also be represented as hexadecimal values.

Show the hexadecimal value that represents each of the two 12-bit binary values.

000010010101 ..................................................................................................................

101011010001 ...................................................................................................................

Working space

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[4]

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6

2 An automated water tap system uses a sensor and a microprocessor to operate. Water flows
from the tap when a person’s hands are placed underneath the tap. Water stops flowing when the
person’s hands are removed from underneath the tap.

(a) Explain how the water tap system uses a sensor and a microprocessor to operate.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [6]

(b) Three descriptions are shown of different systems.

Identify the most suitable sensor that could be used in each system.

Description of system Sensor

it checks the air is dry enough in a garage that spray paints cars

it automatically switches on the headlights on a car when it is dark

it checks that the soil in a greenhouse has the correct level of acidity

[3]

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3 Five statements are shown about Random Access Memory (RAM), an internal
Solid State Drive (SSD) and a USB flash memory drive.

Tick (✓) to show which statements apply to each component. Some statements may apply to
more than one component.

Component
Internal USB flash
RAM
Statement SSD memory drive
(✓)
(✓) (✓)

it is a type of primary storage

it is volatile

it uses NAND and NOR technology

it does not have any moving parts

it is not directly connected to the

central processing unit (CPU)
[5]

4 Doris has data stored on her computer.

She accidentally loses some data by deleting a file.

State two methods she could use to help prevent accidental loss of data in this way.

Describe how each method would help prevent accidental loss of the data.

Method 1 ..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Method 2 ..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[4]

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5 8 bytes of data are transmitted from one computer to another. Each byte of data has a parity bit.

The data is also sent with a parity byte. Each bit in the parity byte allows a check to be performed
on each column of bits.

A parity check is performed on the data and an error is found in one bit. The table shows the data
that was received.

Parity
Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 8
bit

Byte 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1

Byte 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1

Byte 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

Byte 4 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

Byte 5 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0

Byte 6 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1

Byte 7 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0

Byte 8 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1

Parity
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
byte

Identify which bit has an error by giving the Byte number and Bit number.

Explain how you found the error.

Byte number ..............................

Bit number .................................

Explanation ......................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[4]

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6 Jian has a website that uses the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol to make sure that data is
kept secure during transmission.

(a) Give two ways that a user could check that a website uses the SSL protocol.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) State the name of the updated version of the SSL protocol.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Jian’s system for his website has a proxy server.

Explain why Jian uses a proxy server as part of the system for his website.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

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(d) Jian sells products using his website. He wants to create a secure login system for user
accounts.

He is worried that a user’s login details may be gathered by malware when they are logging
into their account.

(i) State the type of malware that could be used to gather a user’s login details.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give three methods that could be used to help prevent a user’s login details being
gathered by malware, when they are logging into their account.

Describe how each method can help prevent this happening.

Method 1 ...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Method 2 ...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Method 3 ...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[6]

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(e) The paragraph describes how the web pages are obtained and displayed for the user.

Complete the paragraph using the list of terms. Not all terms in the list need to be used.

• browser
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Internet Protocol (IP) address
• Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• Media Access Control (MAC) address
• presentation
• protocols
• structure
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• web pages
• web server

The browser sends the ....................................................................................... to the

Domain Name Server (DNS) that looks up the corresponding

..................................................................................... . This is returned to the browser, which

then sends a request to the ...................................................................................... where the

.......................................................................................... are stored. The website is written in

.......................................................................................... that is rendered by the

.......................................................................................... .
[6]

7 NAND, OR and XOR are three types of logic gate.

(a) Four statements are shown about the logic gates.

Tick (✓) to show which statements apply to each logic gate. Some statements may apply to
more than one logic gate.

NAND OR XOR
Statement
(✓) (✓) (✓)

if both inputs are 1, the output is 1

if both inputs are different from each other, the output is 1

if both inputs are 0, the output is 0

if both inputs are the same as each other, the output is always 0

[4]

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(b) NAND, OR, XOR, NOR and NOT are all examples of logic gates.

State the name of one other logic gate and complete its truth table.

Logic gate .................................................... Truth table:

A B Output

0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1
[2]

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Question Answer Marks

1(a) Any two from: 2

• Keyboard
• Trackpad
• Trackball
• Microphone
• Keypad
• Sensor
• Button
• Barcode/QR scanner/reader
• Webcam/digital camera

1(b) Any one from: 1

• Speaker
• Headphones

1(c)(i) Any four from: 4

• The screen is made up of (two) layers/multiple layers

• The user pushes the top layer into the bottom layer // The user pushes the layers together
• The layers create a circuit (when pushed together)
• causing electricity to flow
• allowing the co-ordinates/location of the users touch to be calculated

1(c)(ii) Any two from: 2

• Cheap to manufacture/buy
• Can still be used whilst wearing gloves
• Waterproof // Can be used in bad weather
• Does not easily shatter
• Low power consumption
• (Can) support multitouch
165

Question Answer Marks

1(c)(iii) Any two from: 2

• Does not (normally) support multitouch

• Screen visibility can be poor in sunlight
• Longevity issues
• (Normally) lower resolution
• Not very sensitive to touch // Lower response time (than capacitive)
• Prone to scratches

1(c)(iv) Any one from: 1

• Capacitive
• Infrared

1(d) Any two from: 2

• Data and instructions are stored in the same memory

• and can only be fetched one at a time

1(e) Any three from: 3

• Multitasking
• Multiprogramming
• Input and output control
• Running software
• Memory management
• Processor management
• File management
• Handling interrupts
• Providing security
• Managing user accounts
• Batch / real-time processing
166

Question Answer Marks

1(f)(i) • 000001100100 3
• 000011101011
• 000100101101

1(f)(ii) • 22 3
• 119
• 857

1(f)(iii) One mark for two correct characters in the correct place, two marks for three 4

• 095
• AD1
167

Question Answer Marks

2(a) Six from: 6

• Motion/proximity/infra-red sensor is used

• Sensor sends data to microprocessor
• Data is converted from analogue to digital (using ADC)
• Data is compared to stored/set value(s)
• If data is inside range/outside range/greater than/less than, signal is sent to turn water tap on
• If data is outside range /inside range/less than/greater than, tap remains off / signal is sent to turn water tap off
• Actuator is used to turn the tap off/on
• Whole process is continuous

2(b) One mark for each correct sensor 3

Description of system Sensor

it checks the air is dry enough in a garage that spray paints Moisture/humidity
cars

it automatically switches on the headlights on a car when it is Light

dark

it checks that the soil in a greenhouse has the correct level of pH

acidity
168

Question Answer Marks

3 One mark for each correct row 5

Component

Statement RAM Internal USB flash

(✓) SSD memory drive
(✓) (✓)

it is a type of primary storage ✓

it is volatile ✓

it uses NAND and NOR technology ✓ ✓

it does not have any moving parts ✓ ✓ ✓

it is not directly connected to the ✓ ✓

Central Processing Unit (CPU)
169

Question Answer Marks

4 One mark for the method, one mark for a corresponding description 4

• Create a back-up
• this means the data can be restored/recovered
• Add verification
• to get the user to confirm they want to delete the data
• Set access rights
• so that she cannot delete any files
170

Question Answer Marks

5 One mark each for the correct byte and bit 4

• Byte 4
• Bit 5

Any two from:

• Counted all the 1s

• An even parity has been used
• Odd number of ones in that row (byte 4) and column (bit 5)
171

Question Answer Marks

6(a) Any two from: 2

• Check if web address starts with HTTPS

• Check if there is a locked padlock
• Check the digital certificate for the website

6(b) • Transport layer security // TLS 1

6(c) Any four from: 4

• To act as intermediary between browser and web server

• to filter/examine/monitor traffic to the web server
• to help stop malicious traffic to the web server
• To cache frequently viewed web pages
• to allow faster response time for requests
• to reduce the number of requests the server needs to process
• To help prevent DoS
• stopping the webserver being overloaded with requests
• by redirecting away from server // by stopping DoS attack reaching server
• To act as a firewall

6(d)(i) • Spyware 1
172

Question Answer Marks

6(d)(ii) One mark for a correct method, one mark for a corresponding description 6

• Drop down boxes

• this means that the keypresses cannot be recorded
• Onscreen/virtual keyboard
• this means that the keypresses cannot be recorded
• Biometrics // by example
• this means that the keypresses cannot be recorded
• no password entered to be gathered
• Anti-malware // anti-spyware
• this will scan for/remove any malware that could be recording keypresses
• Random/select values requested from password
• this means that full password cannot be obtained (in a single login)
• Firewall
• to prevent the download of any malware that could gather keypresses

6(e) One mark for each correct term in the correct order 6

• URL
• IP address
• Web server
• Web pages
• HTML
• Browser
173

Question Answer Marks

7(a) One mark for each correct row 4

NAND OR XOR
Statement
(✓) (✓) (✓)

if both inputs are 1, the output is 1 ✓

if both inputs are different from each other, the output is 1 ✓ ✓ ✓

if both inputs are 0, the output is 0 ✓ ✓

if both inputs are the same as each other, the output is always 0 ✓

7(b) One mark for a correct logic gate, one mark for a corresponding truth table 2

• AND
A B Output

0 0 0

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1
174

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 6 4 3 7 4 4 2 5 4 7 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE 0478/22

Paper 2 Problem-solving and Programming October/November 2022

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CJ/CB) 303988/3
© UCLES 2022 [Turn over
175
7

Section B

2 Draw a line to connect each programming concept to the most appropriate description.

Programming concept Description

carrying out an action multiple times within a loop

structure

counting

adding together the numbers in a list of numbers

repetition

tracking the number of iterations a program has

selection performed in a loop

sequence
branching off to take a course of action depending
on the answer to a question

totalling

a set of statements to be executed in order

[4]

3 Describe the use of verification on input of data when entering a list of items in stock into a
database. Explain why verification is necessary.

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [3]

4 Describe one type of test data that must be used to test if a program accepts valid input data.

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [2]

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8

5 This pseudocode should allow 500 marks to be entered into the algorithm. If the mark is 80 or
greater it is stored in an array for higher marks. If the mark is less than 80, but greater than or
equal to 50 it is stored in an array for middle marks. The remaining marks are stored in an array
for lower marks. The results from the algorithm are displayed at the end.

01 HighList 0
02 MidList 0
03 LowList 0
04 MarksEntry 0
05 REPEAT
06 INPUT Mark
07 IF Mark >= 80
08 THEN
09 Higher[HighList] MarksEntry
10 HighList HighList + 1
11 ELSE
12 IF Mark >= 50
13 THEN
14 Middle[MidList] Mark
15 MidList MidList
16 ELSE
17 Lower[HighList] Mark
18 LowList LowList + 1
19 ENDIF
20 ENDIF
21 MarksEntry MarksEntry + 1
22 NEXT MarksEntry = 500
23 OUTPUT "You entered ", HighList, " higher marks"
24 OUTPUT "You entered ", MidList, " middle marks"
25 OUTPUT "You entered ", LowList, " lower marks"

(a) Identify the four errors in the pseudocode and suggest a correction for each error.