s&

Numerical Solufion of lrJ;nary Differenr;al ETuatiorts

@ frrst or/er:
E.Taylor Series neilod.
W.Eular melhod.
W. tYodiF, ed E u lar melhod.
W. Runye- lrufh ne#rod.

@ . Second order:
I

i
 s1

@ . fi'rst or der :
fr.frylor Series me(hod:

(x-z,o r\
x-zo) 3 rr\ (x-x"
Jr*l = J"+ (x-xo)rlt * o
+
(

3{ l+ 4{ o
+.-."-

fufr [Jse fuylor Series netlod b find Jto.t) if;

Jl=_= +V t Jrct I
dz
Solu/ion ,

.Zo= o
J"= I
\

- + I -2

.1
(o,l-o) ?
Jro,fi= iq (o,t-a)xl 2xt
o t
3XZ*t
a )!
zrt
Z
(".1)= l.tlos
J
 6a

Ez A Use (t,8) if;

S"/u/ion :
.Zo=o V /,
)J" =

d-z=J,r -
4J- y'=
!
r!n;'\ :':{'
= f ?. rr'*
r/"- ez+z|-y - 7(a) +ZX t.S*e.X = 6.75
/1r\
J'. = Z + UJ"* ry' = Z+ Z*\-SX6.V;+Z*?.?S: ?6,7-t

_i"" = ryii zy'; .J\ z* l.s *?d,?s +?)+6.vs+zx 6,7s= to7.zs

Z 3
(l,z-a)xz.zs ( ),2-o ) ( l.Z-o)
j(t,?) = J.s+ x
+
t,z-" )4 y" lol,zs
* I ()+3*z>( t

x( ( t.?) = 26. o3o4

J( td = J. s +
(/. g*o)x ?.zs a(' t
*i tx6.7s
z*t
l. 8-o )3 x26.7S
3xZ*t

J(,.8) = S?,31J
 ird CfiLSs t{unt#icatArubtit fl66as lt .nf-Sirraj 6!

@.Eular melhod

J'*, =Ji * hrJ) ulhere h =1t*p size

-ri tL =Inilial Conl;lion

Ex: D tJse Eular melhod {o frnd !b,4) ,'f ,y{d=o l*lep size=r.{

dy _z+:l
D
Sululun t

z o=O
-O
J"
\
J;*t =J. +h xJ - Ir*, :J *o.l*(2.+1f)

.%; T .I,+t
o a o
a.l o o,oz
o.? 0,oZ o.o64
0,3 o,oA o.1368
o.4 o.t368

Jfu,4)=W
 3d C{nss gr{nrnericatArubsit ,n66as f{. "nLsirraj 6z
E.r:A Usu Eular melhoJ t" fnd )\fl.fl fir lhe ( o.E) t
J'=-r,$ wr,'/h inilial condilran )rd=l , h=o.3
Solulion: Zo = o
J" l

.-Z; T Jrnt
o I I

0.3 I t,o?
o,6 I, o? l, e77?z
o.? ].e7V?z J.3g3t4
l.z l.e 89 t4 ?. o36 I
1,5 ?.8({ )il,s)-e.os6l
E*, J find 1ra) bJ usinT Eular me(hod if, jril =z anJ h = o,zr
dl=-ry )z
Solu(io n :
.*Ta=l ,-Jo=E , ({=-z1)*1 + Jx> #=*l
-
J,*t =Ji +hx[t E- J,*, =J + o.es xo j

-Zt _v; Ji*r

I 2 ?.s
l.zs e.s 3, Z?IZS
t._: 3.zaes 4. sil7
t.7., 4."{t/7 6.4asse
Z 6:,4gstg Yrel = d.4tssr
 6s
Exd Use Eular- melhod to f;'ncl lhe W/tte of yr".s), if;
Jb)=l , h=o,l and
r ryr+z+ %+y
,/t= I

Solu{ion:
.Zo= o
)o=
h=o.t
J+t *J, +h,(J'

J+t =J + o.t ( J +z z+y 7 I

.Zi J, Ji +t
o I ),e
o.l l,e 1.43a1
a.? l.4soq ).7 t6? 6
o.3 1,71616 ?.o1133
o.4 2. ol t3s 2.6o884
O,S I a,6o884
t

'(,_ ( o.S) = 2. 5oAS4

 3rd Cfass ${unericatAnatysis "fl66as
It A{-Sicrilj 64

E*,@ Use Eular-melhod fo find Y(t.6).

( z'*y' )c)x = (x+fl dSr, J(t)=o, h-o. I

Solu /iort,
-Zo= I
Jo=o
h =".1

(f*'r1') d* = (-z+y) dy ) a ky) d*

\
z +v Z

dz =J z+y
zz+ 2
J*t=Ji +hJ' >- J,*,=J +r.l ( z+y )

-tri Ji Ji+t
I 0 o.l
t.l o.l o,?ol{6
I,Z o.?o166 o,3o1z?
1.3 0.3o7?I o,4t83l
t.4 0.418s t O, S3S1
).s 0. s357 o. d6 os
).6 o. {6 o3

J (1,{)= o.6sos
 3dC{a"is Numricatflrrabris .fr66as It A{-Stuaj {E

A.MJifiud Eular meltod:

J,*t= Ji * I(J) +1,'*,)

T:-, = Ji + hxJr'

Ex:B Us, modified Eular melhotl u find lb.q) if :

Jt= zz.\zy : J b)= I ., h= o.l

5o lulion :

vlt rl\
Zi Ii J,' Xt+l Ji+l Ji +t Jt*t
o I e o.l t.z 2.42 l.7et
o,l l.?zt 2.462 O,Z ),4672 3.o 144 ).4?4E z
O,Z t.4?182 3, o5?(4 a.3 ). 80t784 3,78ss68 l. $748
a.3 t. 8s74 g 3. Ss4 ?6 a.4 ?.777?7t 4,l{s?sa 7,2 dg"fz
o,4 z.?68s2

Jb4)=?.a6rsz
re
 srd Cf&ss t{un dca{flnilbsis ,fthfias ff "flt-Sirraj 66
Ez,@ Use modiFied Erla, melhod u firtd Jb.il iF:
r**l il=J cosz -xz ,Jbt =t , h-o.t

Solu fion (>aili=f cosx -.zz F- J'?f.;.V'

-I'= z+y
Zi Zi+t \/*
Ji J) Ji +l J.)*, Yr +t
o I I o,l t.t l.o?stE
o,1osT S
o.l l,o?518 o. E0338 O,Z l. t8 Ssl o,7? 611 l, t 8ot7
O,Z l. l8o l7 o, 8o ?06 a,3 l.?6107 o.7Hoq I.ZS63Z
0.3 t,as 632

Jto.3) = t. zs6sz

Ex: 3 llse rnodif,ed Eular me(hud to fiil lto.il if :

| *l {an.z = S;rtex t Jb)=l , h=o.l
Solufion:
J: Sinzx -1 (an.z

Zi Ii J.t Xi+t L7, Jr\, Ji*t

o I o o.l I o,o?8 j3 l.oo47
o.l 1. oo41 o,o778 o.Z 1. a t4 6g o.18373 l. o t6l
O,Z l.al8?

Jr'o.il-, l.o/87
 3rd Cfass fi'ttutttricdtflrrnbtit ,q66as ff AESirrai 6ry

Erd U* mod;fied Eularme#tod b fio/ j'tat ;f ;

*=xy"' , Eke J(t) =z , jr=o.e;

Sob/,'on,

.xi J; Jr) zl+t Jfr, J), Jr*t

I ? 1,7511,2 J,ES 7 .3t418 t.6sss8 ?.364t 8
l,zg ?s64 t8 I.66sz t I.s e.78o4I ?,1o1?6, ?.8ss1g
l,s ?.83519 ?. lz3? o r.7s 3.36676 z. 672 86 3.42123
t,7E 3.4z1es ?.63879 ? 4,08877 3, IqS l(
, I SEgT

?, 4. tsagl

Jre)=M
Ez 5 Lisemilified eular me#ol to,frnd y(te) if;
-zj *3J -z 3 ) Jil) 6I ) h o.Z
5o/u/;ort, l -23_ 3y
z
*L1 J; J) zi+t vii(
Ji+t .Ii, Ji *,
I h O,S J.z a,?666 6 a.773Ss 0,?14 oo
l ? o,?140o o,7oS ),4 o, 43s l, oZ78 5 0.4 672I
I 4 o.467zB 0.158 6 t ),6 o. 651o I l.3z4ss a.6?ssg
l 6 o, 61 SSB

J(t.6)=o,d?rsg
 6s

A.RunTe -kuffa melhod ,

+t =li* Ll
l,t/here t

AJ=*(k,+zkzazks+ko)

Kr = hx F(*,,,Ji)

hr=hxf(zi+ vr z&l
J; :-l

rY:= hXF(2,*! ,1 * *" I

jrq= hx FLrr'+h
,] + Kr)
 3rdChss g$ut wricatfirubtis A66as It .flt-Sinaj 61

Ez: I Use RunTe-\tu{fa melhod to frnd yrr) ;f :

Jt=Jt',/U ,Jro)=l ,h=l

,fo/ufiort:
EJ \=J z
,/7

- loop I t -Ti=o : l'=l

Kt fiy Ftz; t!,1=lx(12-{i) = t

zi+ *= "**= o.s ) Ji** =tu*=t-e

fir= h * Ft.rr* !,lr* !)-- , y,( t.sz-,17t) - ).s4zB?

-Ti+ 7h =o,i, I* S= l+ l'94281 - J.7fl44

Its= hxFrz,**,Ii+
Sl-!*( t,7lrn4'-W) = z,43o8l
zi+h= ogl I ) Ji+P= t+ ?'4:osT =.a,4so?1
K<= hx FLx;*h ,y,-+)= Ix ( s.43olqz-[] = t0,T7t

A)-- + ( l(t +zkz azit +lr4)

:"* ( t + z ( t. 54?8? ) +z (z,qsosl ) +to.17l )= 3. zs64z

J,n, =f, + L| = t+s.z8*4z= 4,z864z

Loop II : -zi = I ,)ti = 4, asd4z

j (t) =4.zaa+z
 ird Ctass tfitmericatflrrtbsit A66as I{. -frt-Sirrai 7_o

E.zr@ 81 us;ny RunTe-kutta ne{hod Jro ,?) ,

( ex,+P dJ
= (x'-!)
dz , Jft)--t ) h= o.l

Solu{;on : ( zx{) += (.v'-r1) dz I G.uill)J<

yt- )y _ -27-?J
d.z
-: ez+y
Loo I : ;ri=o .,Ji=l

Kt=hx fr*;,li) o-Zs(I

=o.l e*o +t ) = -o.z

*: o.os 'J+ b = ta *=
-ri -* * = o+ o.?

k"=hxfr*,ab ,I**l=r,r (b'"il| zx! )--o.t??ts

zi+ Lz = O,OS ,J," * = l+-"]l?ls - o. ?tot?s
Xs= h x f ( *, +*, J. * * )= o.t (o.o5 )t- Zr*o.l tolzs )=-
Z Xo.oS ,+o.f lol?S
0.1

xi+h =a4o.l =o.l )yr+ks= l+(-o.t\??tz)- o.8Z

Kq=hxf(-r,+h , !;+kz)--o.t ( Grl;:i!::s# )=-0;s1s

ry = * ( K, a?Kz qzF;+ K4)

t/' -o .z +?x-a. l717Sa z *-0. 17?7SZ- o. ls? S )
- Tr
--: l. a7?2
Jirt=J +A) = l+(-t.o71z)=- o.o7?z
 3rr Cfass Nwnericafflnnbs* A66as lt .frESirrai +t

L""p II .2,; = a,l

Ir'= -o.a71Z

tt= hXfr*itli) o.41 Z*-o.oTfz

= a.t ( Z*o,l+ = o. 1314
Go.o7?Z

-z;+ + = o.l+*=o.ts )t* yl = - 6.ov?z +'#!1 = - o . oo't 4

fi, xfr.rin *,Lr Y =al ( "

=h
:o:,ii*::r\* ) = o, 0 t4e
-ri + g= o.ts rli + * = - o.oVlz * "''!Iz = * o.o7?o?
Ks: h*F(-z;+!,J; * *)=o,t ( "'r1=e-qx-,-?'ote! . )= o,olsr3
ZNo,tS+(-o.o7zoq /
Xi+h= a.l+o.l=o.7 ) J; +fu =- o. o71Zaa.oV3t3=-o.oCI6o6
JU=hxF(rr+h,yi+kt)=o t1 ) = o.
o l3Z3

AI= *( h +zkz+zi-ta/ra)
= * ( o. l3?4 +Z o.ot4z )+2 (a.oVStS)
( +o.ol38 )=o,oS4S

Ji+t = Ji+ Ay = -o, o7?Z+ o. o-t4 S

= - o.oz4 {
Loo p Itr Zt'= o'Z
J,'= - 0.0z46
Ib,z ) =- a. oz4 6
 Srd Cfirss Mnericatflrubsit fl66as I{ At-sirraj 7z
E.z, 3 For the Followin1 ( D.n, use RunTe-Kulfa me(hod b Find
J{o,il .

ey\ +3y Sinx = cos.z.

Giuen I y b.5)= | , h=o,l

So/u/ion; fr;1'= cos.z - 3tS;nx

e
Lo"p I
- ;tt' = o, S )'l;=
)f,= hxFr-r r6i)= o, I ( cosb's)-3t(txs;nb's) ) --o.o?8o3
z
-*+ + =o.s+!!= a.ss J Yi+ *=t+S a,o.78s18

fiz=h x Fr zr n r'1, + *)=o, t (

c'stu'sil-sx 8s ))=-,
!
*o'?34
zi+ Zh =o.SS ) Ji + !? = I I
61'
; a.18266
si n 6,s s )
hr= hx fr*,r!,y,t*)= o.r cos b .s s)
-3*o. 1 &ZG X
) =-0.03441
z
.Zi+h=o.S*o.l=o.6 ) l; +f-r= t+ (-o.o3441) = 0,16558
kq = h * fk,+h, l; +Kt)=oJ ( cos b.6 )-3 *0.?6 rss *Sn b.6 ) )= -0. o4os I
Z

A)=
*( k, +?kz qeKs+l4)

Ay = * (-o, oz8o3*Z(-o.o34{il+2L0.o344il+ (*o.o4osr))

= -Q, o3435
 Yr Ctass thmericatflnnbsis fl66as ff. "flESitraj 7s

Ji*,= /i + AJ = l4- Qo.o343s ) - a' 7 6srs

Loop E -zi = o. 6 ) yi = o,Tdsts

cosfu.g ) -3Xo.?6tdSX5;4 (o,6)

lf t= h xfrz,',,/i): a,l =- o. a4oSZ
z
zi+ 7h =a.6q eo,l = o. 65r
jr,= hxFrn*!
d r*)=",t(q"
(''69-3x"!a =-o.o4 6ot

zi +b= o.{5 )

C osb j65)-3 {, o ,?4 Zl4 S; n @'6i1

ft, = hxf r r.**, X gth/fl= o. t =* 0,04t16
2

-Zi+h =0.5+a.l =o.7 ) L + ks =o,?69{Sq(*o,o45K) =O,1|YSS

Kq = h x F k, n h rJ, + ks) = a,1 (c!!b'fi -sxolt ?sas;"r"7) )=- o.oto64

A) = (-0.o4052 +Z(-o.o46ot) +z (*a. o4Sld)4
* [ o.oro64)
11 z-a,045783

Jrn, =/; + LJ = o.?ds;saLo.o4r783) = o,1tqs66

Lo"pIII zi=0.7 ,]=a-?t?86{

j (o.V)- o,?t?6d{
 i'n C{ass g\fu*ttricdtArubs* A66as H At-Siraj 74
ExtW !to.s) fir #e fol/ow;rtq f,!t/- orderdlfferen/,al eTua{,orr
Find
usinT lhe Runle * kur?a mel/to d,;f !h)=t dnd h=o.s

J':Y t'- lsY

*o/u/;on,
LoopI {i=o ) /i I
ft,= hxFr* r/i ) = a,5 ( /xras?- t,s (t) ) : -a.ls
-

/,+*= o+* =o.zs ,f; +* =l+*= o.6zs

K.=h ttF( * +!,/,r*J =o .s( o.6zs b.rti -t,sx o. czs)r- 0,48g6

{i+ *= o,zs' /; + * =l+-o'46see =0.768o6

ks xFfti * g ,J, * t.5*o.Vfisoil=- o,sl
=h Y= o.s(0,?dtodh.zsse-
{i+h - o.l-o,S=o.s ) v, + Z
ks _ o.S4 _
o.l lS
=l+ Z
Kq =h x f( /i +h tl, ** )= o,s( o,7tJ (o.ri* t.s xo.TtsJ = - 0.41 tt{
(kt + zkz aeks +lr4)
A'l =
*
A/= * 0.75 +z Lo.4dsfd ) +z (-o.s/) +Ga4q
* ( tsd ) )

= - o, SSt54
J, + t =Ii+ LJ = l+Co.-{ste4)= o.44845
Loop II {i= a. S , X' = o-44845

Yb,f ) =o.44A4s
 Vs

eTuahons

fr. Runf-ftul|a neil"d

Yr*, =f- + t\\ Where I

6

Zia=7i + AZ ulhere M=*( Lr a?LzlzLjaLa)

Kr Z^>( h

lta = (zoq*nn L. h*j k,+*,yp! ,. ** )

=

lrs=/ Lz
z Lz = h x1 k"r!,1;* y,zi** |

kq = (z"+Lilxh lrs ?

^'ro{e f=$\ Z
/ =7
 3rr C{ass lr{unericafflrrnbtit ,n66as I{.,nESirrai 76
Ex: lJse fhe 4rh order Runye-lrulfa method rc find yn.t) For (he
I

co
-nd reler differerttial eyition, (dke ¤ slep size /t=r. I .

)" *y'Jt ='-' , Given y(D=1 ,J'( t) = I

Solulion, f"4 J\ Z :J=Z- 1\\

l*I Z =-23
z

Z =-1 { z1tZ ) = z:3-l'Z

Zo=l ,Ylo = I o--l

lf,= hxz6= o. ll(l - o.l

3
Lt- h*71x.,JorZd=a,t( I I
?
lr l)-o

J\r=h*(2"+*)= o.t (t+ *) = o.1

-z;+-h= l+!= l.os, fi+*=r**=l.o stTo+N= f + * =l

Lr=h*J (xt+* ,1, * * ,ei** ) -o.t ( t.oi- t,aszyt ) =o. osstzs

fis= hx (2, ** )= o.t ( t +'4lg= o. t ozTsd

-zi+,zJ, J.os ,I'+l* =t*3:!= l.os ,Zi+!= I+ ,EtE=t. ozllt

Ls=hxJ (zt**,1,* ?-hz , Z;+ ZLz )

7z
= I ( t."i-
o. l.oiyl.oz75{) = o,oo?444

/ta=hxf 7,-+y); o.t( t+ry) =o. tootz3

.zi+h= lqo.l=t.t t +k-t = l+-o.loz7s¤= t.toZTSd

/;
Z;+ L: = l+ o, aoz474 - l.ooz474
 77

3 z

I
6
I

I
6
I 174).+ o. o nz) * o. ozlo6
6
Jtv +t

I, t)== l.oZlo
la a.6z tO6
6
 7s

ExdFor lhe F(ow;ny differenlial eTualion,y\6xy-yy'=o , if

J(o.s) =o.6 ,yto.s) =o.4
find yb,o ,y'ro.et ,j'r".e I .,11s;n7 RunTu-lrulra melho/ with lt=o,l

So/u{ion,
dr+ /'= *
$
t F- Za{*./-/Z=o
\
7 =l(*.,JrZ)='/Z -(z

-Zo=o.S :/"-rt 2Zo=Z

fi, = hX (2.)= o. | *z : a.z

lr h*qr
J' tJ, ,Zo)= o.l ( I Xz - {X a.s)41) = *a.1
Itr= hx (2. +!) = o.l (
+o, I
= o, l7S

-zr+*-o.S+4=a.s.s rli kt o,z

7
t.t

zi+ Lt
Z
4 -o.l - l.?s
-

Lr=hx jkt+*, yt+* ,e+!)

1..*= o lx( l.l/. t.15- t*o.ss * l.t) =-o.t48s

ks= hx (2" +
*)=o.tx z -o.l48s llz f Vs
( ) o,

L h o.sS , I; + kz- o.l o Lz o.14ff

I
I
1
7 T' '?- Z z
 7?

Ls = h xJ ( *i+4, l,+ $ ,zi* *)

Ls=..1 ( l.lzsls - 6{, o.
L olTsl(

Jfe = h x(ZulLs ) = o.t ( z+--9#4 ) = o. t 124

v ; -Lh = .. {*a.l : n.C . JIV- -k
-va 1 ,. L

Z;+ Ls = Z + (^ o.l So 8) = l. 8412

L+ h *1 (zr, */t rl; + kr, zi+Lr)
L q= (
".t l.lzsls*t.84qz*
64o,¤ /, l.lzs\s) = - o.ij ?t
AJ=
I1t +zkzazktqke)
I
6
'1s) qZ (o.lqzs7S) + o .t124)= o. 114 6
LZ=.4 ( Lr +zLz+zLz+Lq)
I

y 1o,6) - J tu.s-l + AJ = o. 8* o- 114 6 = o,6os4

2-

= o. 6oS4*a.Zz71
- ¤*o " 6 * o. 6o5 4 =-2. o4lf
 3,r Ctass tfiunericafnnabsis ,n65ar ft At-sirrai 8o

ErrH For (he f"llo,r;ny differential e?ualion I

A 4J"*6*!t) cosz =-x:?

(tiven:
Ias)-l ,lro,s) -a , h=o.l
find Ib,6) and yto,d),lls;ny Run1e-kuffa me{hrd

,io/u{,on:
trt J
\
,J Z
Z
\\

-,
4t +6xL -Jrosz=2cL
o
60 Z = 1 (xitz) ='zz+/cos'z - 6zZ
4
"

Zo=o.S ,jo=l ) zo Z

Kr=hx (zol=o,llrz= o L
L t= hr j (zory" 1z)= o,l ( o ,s'+lx cos to.il-fitu.S*Z )
=-o.lzl8
4
K, =hx (z,y*): oJx(z+ #)= o.tqsct

zi+ *=a"s+* =o.ss rJ; +* = tq * =t.t,Z; *!=z+ - zo.l7l8 1.1311

Lr=h xj ( z;+*, y, * !, zi** )

o, SS= +L ! coS fu. ss) - 6 Y o. SS* 1,131 I

=o,l*
4
) = - D.lZ1
l\s=hx (2.+ y)
zz = o,t e+ .3'tr3 ) = o.trs6
(

zi**=o,s.t ,]+ y= t+"'L1fr = l.o?6?s

z;+*: z+-# = t-?ssr
 8t

Lr= hxq ( z;
\./----'J, h Lz

o, ?6?s - 6x o. s5* l. ?ZSs

L3 = o,l = _ o. lz87
4
Ls) =".1 (z+ Lo.tzBT))= o.t87t3

.2,'-Lll = o.s.J-a.l: a^{ . Y tkz= l:-o.fi3{=t.n?{

Z;+ Ls = e + (- o.tZ Bil = t.8713
La =h x1(-z;th.
4-, .' . Jiv.rk.. 7;tLz
a
I -t --Y ,

L4 = u=, o.6 +1.t736-6xo.¤X 1.8713

4 ) =*0.t349

I (/r,
6 +zkz+?kt+Kq)
( o, z+Z (a, t?3t ) +Z (o, t?r6) +6. lS7l3) =, 0. l?36
AU = /-( L, *?Lz +z LtqL.4)
Az - I. (- o. \ZST)+ L o. 84 8)
6
- o.lZ84
:Y.
I -Ji +^]
l+o.113{=1.113{

Zi +LZ= e *o,lZB7 = /.87t3