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Triangles-class-9

Uploaded by

deepika singhal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter-7 Triangles

Triangle
A closed figure with three sides is called a Triangle. It has
three vertex, sides and Angles.

Types of Triangles
1. There are three types of triangles on the basis of the length of the sides.
Name of
Property Image
Triangle

Scalene Length of all sides are different

Isosceles Length of two sides are equal

Equilateral Length of all three sides are equal

2. There are three types of triangles on the basis of angles.


Name of
Property Image
Triangle

Acute All the three angles are less than 90°

Obtuse One angle is greater than 90°


Right One angle is equal to 90°

Chapter-7 Triangles
Congruence
If the shape and size of two figures are same then these are called Congruent.
1. Two circles are congruent if their radii are same.

2. Two squares are congruent if their sides are equal.

Congruence of Triangles
A triangle will be congruent if its
corresponding sides and angles are
equal.
The symbol of congruent is “≅”.

AB = DE, BC = EF, AC = DF
∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E, ∠C = ∠F
Here ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF
In congruent triangles, the corresponding
parts are equal and are written as CPCT (Corresponding part of congruent triangle).

Criteria for Congruency of triangles

- The criteria for congruency of triangles are:


SAS- Side-angle-side
ASA- angle-side-angle
AAS- angle- angle-side
SSS- side- side- side
RHS- Right angle- hypotenuse-side
symbolically, it is expressed as ΔABC≅ΔXYZ
Criteria for Congruency

1. SSS (Side-Side-Side) Congruence rule

If three sides of one triangle are equal to the three

sides of another triangle, then the two triangles are


congruent.
If all sides are exactly same, then their corresponding
angles must also be exactly same.

2. SAS (Side-Angle-Side) Congruence rule

-Two triangles are congruent if two sides and the included


angle of one triangle are equal to the corresponding sides
and the included angle of the other triangle.

3. ASA (Angle-Side-Angle) Congruence rule

- Two triangles are congruent if two angles and the included side of one triangle are equal to the
corresponding two angles and the included side of the other triangle

Included side is 4cm

4. AAS (Angle-Angle-Side) Congruence rule

- Two triangles are congruent if two angles and the included


side of one triangle are equal to two angles and the included
side of the other triangle.

5. RHS (Right angle-Hypotenuse-Side)


Congruence rule

If in two right triangles the hypotenuse and one side

of one triangle are equal to the hypotenuse and one side


of the other triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
RHS stands for Right angle - Hypotenuse - Side. Properties of Isosceles triangle
- If 2 sides of the triangle are equal, the angles opposite those sides are also equal and vice
versa.

Inequalities in Triangles

Relationship between unequal sides of triangle and the angles opposite to it.

- If 2 sides of a triangle are unequal, then the angle opposite to the longer side will be larger
than the angle opposite to the shorter side. Triangle inequality

- The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle must be greater than the third side.
-
Why SSA and AAA congruency rules are not valid?

SSA or ASS test is not a valid test for congruency as the angle is not included between the
pairs of equal sides.-
The AAA test also is not a valid test as even though 2 triangles can have all three same
angles, the sides can be of differing lengths. This becomes a test for similarity (AA).

Angles of a triangle

Example
Find the ∠P, ∠R, ∠N and ∠M if ∆LMN ≅ ∆PQR.

Solution
If ∆ LMN ≅ ∆PQR, then
∠L=∠P
∠M =∠Q
∠N =∠R
So,
∠L=∠P = 105°
∠M =∠Q = 45°
∠M + ∠N + ∠L = 180° (Sum of three angles of a triangle is 180°)
45° + 105° + ∠N = 180°
∠N = 180°- 45° + 105°
∠N = 30°
∠N = ∠R = 30°
Some Properties of a Triangle
If a triangle has two equal sides then it is called an Isosceles Triangle.
1. Two angles opposite to the two equal sides of an isosceles triangle are also equal.

2. Two sides opposite to the equal angles of the isosceles triangle are also equal. This is
the converse of the above theorem.
Inequalities in a Triangle

Theorem 1: In a given triangle if two sides are unequal then the


angle opposite to the longer side will be larger.
a > b, if and only if ∠A > ∠B
Longer sides correspond to larger angles.
Theorem 2: In the given triangle, the side opposite to the larger angle will always be
longer. This is the converse of above theorem.
Theorem 3: The sum of any two sides of a triangle will always be greater than the third
side.
Example
Show whether the inequality theorem is applicable to this triangle or not?

Solution
The three sides are given as 7, 8 and 9.
According to inequality theorem, the sum of any two sides of a triangle will always be
greater than the third side.
Let’s check it
7+8>9
8+9>7
9+7>8
This shows that this theorem is applicable to all the triangles irrespective of the type of
triangle.

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