Speech Writing Process- The process for writing is not itself (the cause) and the impact the

the disaster had on

chronological or linear; rather, it is recursive. That the nation's people (the effect).
means you have the opportunity to repeat a writing
5. Problem-Solution Pattern- persuade the audience
procedure indefinitely or produce multiple drafts first
to take a particular viewpoint. In essence, the
before you can settle on the right one.
speaker introduces a problem, and then outlines
how this problem can be solved.

An outline is a hierarchical list that shows the

relationship of your ideas.

1. Body of Speech- provides explanations, examples,

or any details that can help you deliver your
purpose and explain the main idea of your
speech. The following are some strategies to
highlight your main idea:

• Present real-life or practical examples

Audience analysis entails looking into the profile of
your target audience. This is done so you can tailor-fit • Show statistics
your speech content and delivery to your audience.
The profile includes the following information. • Present comparisons

• demography (age range, male-female ratio, • Share ideas from the experts or
educational background and affiliations or degree practitioners
program taken, nationality, economic status, 2. Introduction- is the foundation of your speech.
academic or corporate designations) Here, your primary goal is to get the attention of
• situation (time, venue, occasion, and size) your audience and present the subject or main
idea of your speech. The following are some
• psychology (values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, strategies.
cultural and racial ideologies, and needs)
• Use a real-life experience and connect that
experience to you subject.
5 organizational patterns that can be used when
developing a speech or presentation: • Use practical examples and explain their
connection to your subject.
1. Logical or Topical Pattern- contains several ideas
that are interrelated in such a way that one flows • Start with a familiar or strong quote and
naturally to the next, the logical pattern of then explain what it means.
organization can be used. As the name implies, • Use facts or statistics and highlight their
you'll be organizing the information in a logical importance to your subject.
manner according to topic.
2. Chronological or Time-Sequence Pattern- should • Tell a personal story to illustrate your point.
begin with its origin, then continue along the 3. Conclusion restates the main idea of your speech.
same timeline as events occurred. This Furthermore, it provides a summary, emphasizes
organizational pattern is typically used in any the message, and calls for action. aims to leave
speech addressing a subject from an historical the audience with a memorable statement. The
perspective. following are some strategies.
3. Spatial or Geographical Pattern- about a country
or city, or even a building or organization, • Begin your conclusion with a restatement of
provided that the organization occupies a specific your message.
geographical location, such as a hospital or
• Use positive examples, encouraging words,
university.
or memorable lines from songs or stories
4. Causal or Cause-and-Effect Pattern- providing
familiar to your audience.
foreign aid to victims of a natural disaster in
another country would discuss the disaster
 • Ask a question or series of questions that 4. Use active verbs and contractions because they
can make your audience reflect or ponder. add to the personal and conversational tone of
your speech.
4. Editing/Revising your written speech involves
5. Be sensitive of your audience. Be very careful with
correcting errors in mechanics, such as grammar,
your language, jokes, and nonverbal cues.
punctuation, capitalization, unity, coherence, and
6. Use metaphors and other figures of speech to
others.
effectively convey your point.
5. Topic- focal point of your speech which can be
7. Manage your time well; make sure that the
determined once you have decided on your
speech falls under the time limit.
purpose.
6. Narrowing down the topic- making your own idea 7 Types of Communicative Strategies
more specific and focused.
1. Nomination- act of putting forward or suggesting
7. Writing patterns- helps you organize your ideas
a topic for conversation.
Andrew Dlugan (2013), an award-winning public 2. Restriction- act of limiting what will be said about
speaker, lists six power principles for speech editing. the topic.
3. Turn-taking- manner in which people engage in a
a. Edit for focus-everything you have written, from
conversation, manage their turns to speak.
introduction to conclusion, is related to your
4. Topic-control- ability to maintain the focus of the
central message.
conversation on the current topic.
b. Edit for clarity - Make all ideas in your speech
5. Topic Shifting- movement from one topic to
clear by arranging them in logical order (e.g., main
another related topic.
idea first then supporting details, or supporting
6. Repair- correction of an utterance after it has
details first then main idea).
been said in the conversation.
c. Edit for concision- Keep your speech short,
7. Termination- conclusion of the old topic and the
simple, and clear by eliminating unrelated stories
transition to a new one.
and sentences and by using simple words.
d. Edit for continuity- Keep the flow of your Types of Speech According to Purpose
presentation smooth by adding transition words
 Informative/ expository- educating the
and phrases.
audience on new piece of information on a
e. Edit for variety- Add spice to your speech by
particular topic.
shifting tone and style from formal to
 Persuasive- convincing the audience to agree
conversational and vice-versa, moving around the
with the speaker’s opinion on a topic.
stage, or adding humor.
 Entertainment- share laughter and enjoyment
f. Edit for impact and beauty- Make your speech
to the audience through witty humorous lines.
memorable by using these strategies: surprise the
audience, use vivid descriptive images, write well- Types of Speech According to Delivery
crafted and memorable lines, and use figures of
speech.  Manuscript- word-for-word literation of a
written message using visual aids.
8. Rehearsing- identify what works and what does  Memorized- note recitation of a written
not work for you and for your target audience. message that the speaker has committed to
“Constant practice makes perfect.” memory.
 Extemporaneous- presentation of carefully
Some Guidelines in Speech Writing planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a
conversational manner using brief notes.
1. Keep your words short and simple. Your speech is
 Impromptu- short message without advance
meant to be heard by your audience, not read.
preparation and is for people knowledgeable
2. Avoid jargon, acronyms, or technical words
about the subject.
because they can confuse your audience.
3. Make your speech more personal. Use the
personal pronoun “I,” but take care not to
overuse it. When you need to emphasize
collectiveness with your audience, use the
personal pronoun “we.”