Scribd
Upload
5 views35 pages

Dynamics-of-Rigid-Bodies-Introduction

Uploaded by

reireialleje
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views35 pages

Dynamics-of-Rigid-Bodies-Introduction

Uploaded by

reireialleje
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

DYNAMICS OF RIGID

BODIES
Engr. Reynante Jr. D. Oñates, SO2
Course Outline
Midterm Coverage
Introduction to Dynamics/Principles of Dynamics
Rectilinear Translation
Curvilinear Translation
Rotation

Finals Coverage
Plane Motion
Work and Energy
Impulse and Momentum

Miscellaneous Topics
Mechanical Vibration
Graphic Methods
Requirements to Pass the Subject
1. Major Exam (Midterm/Finals)
2. Quizzes
3. Plates
4. Notes
5. Attendance
INTRODUCTION TO
DYNAMICS/PRINCIPLES
OF DYNAMICS
Mechanics- is a branch of physical science that is concerned
with the state of rest or motion of bodies subjected to the action
of forces.

Branches of Mechanics

Statics- is concerned with the equilibrium of a body that is


either at rest or moves with constant velocity.

Dynamics-which deals with accelerated motion of a body.


HISTORY OF DYNAMICS
Galileo Galilei(1564-1542) was one of the first major
contributors to this field. His work consisted of experiments
using pendulums and falling bodies.

Isaac Newton- his three fundamental laws of motion


made made major contributions in dynamics.

Euler, D’alembert, Lagrange, and others-after the laws


were postulated, they developed important techniques for
their applications.
Particle and Body
Particle- denotes as an object of point size.

Body- denotes as a system of particles which form an object


of appreciable size

Example: In an astronomical calculation the earth may be


assumed to be a particle in comparison with the size of its
path(orbit).
Kinematics and Kinetics
Two Branches of Dynamics
1.Kinematics-is the study of the geometry of motion.
-it is used to relate displacement, velocity, acceleration,
and time, without the reference to the cause of the
motion.
2. Kinetics- the study of the relation existing between the
forces acting on a body, the mass of the body, and the
motion of the body.
It is used to predict the motion caused by given forces or
to determine the forces required to produce a given
motion.
Motion of a Particle
Motion of a Particle
The kinematic discussion of the motion of a particle
depends upon the definitions of displacement, velocity
and acceleration

Displacement-is the vector distance from an origin to the


position occupied by the particle on its path of travel.
- It is the difference between the final position to the initial
position.
Units: foot (ft), meter (m), mile (mi)
Example:

*In this case ∆𝑠 is positive since the particle’s final


position is to the right of its initial position.
Where:
S = the initial position
of the particle from
the origin
S’=the final position
of the particle from
the origin
*In this case ∆𝑠 is negative since the
particle’s final position is to the left of ∆S=displacement
its initial position. ∆S = 𝑠′ − 𝑠
Velocity - is defined as the time rate change of velocity.
Units: foot per second(ft per sec), meter per second (m per sec), mile per
hour (mi per hr)

Average Velocity - it depends on the interval of time.


Example 1: Find the average velocity (in m/s) of a car that
starts 150m from the origin and is 450m from the
origin after 65s.
Solution:

𝟒𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟓𝟎
vave =
𝟔𝟓

𝒎
vave = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟏𝟓
s
Instantaneous Velocity -the velocity of the object at that certain
point at that certain instant time.

Acceleration - defined as the time rate of change of velocity.


Units: foot per square second (ft per sec2), meter per square second (m per
sec2), mile square second(mi per hr2)
Example 2: Given position 𝑥 = 𝑡2, x in meters, t is in seconds.
Find the instantaneous velocity at t=1 and t=2.

𝑥 = 𝑡2
𝑑𝑥
v= = 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡

If t = 1 If t = 2
v = 2𝑡 v = 2𝑡
v = 2 1 = 2 𝑚/𝑠 v = 2 2 = 4 𝑚/𝑠
Example 3: A car accelerates from 10m/s to 30m/s in 4
seconds. What is the average acceleration of
the car?

𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 30 −10


= 4
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

5 m/𝑠 2
Instantaneous Acceleration

𝒅𝑽 𝒅2 𝑺
𝒂= = 2
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕

Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration Relation


𝒅𝑺 𝒅𝑽
𝒅𝒕 = =
𝑽 𝒂
𝒂 𝒅𝑺 = 𝒗 𝒅𝑽
Note: For Instantaneous Velocity and Acceleration, Integration and Differentiation is
involved.
Example 4: The Instantaneous velocity of a particle is
described by the function 𝑉(𝑡) = 𝑡3 − 4𝑡2 + 5
where V is in ft/s and t is in second. What is the
instantaneous acceleration of the particle at t=3s?

𝑉(𝑡) = 𝑡3 − 4𝑡2 + 5
a = 3 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2
𝑑𝑣
a= = 3𝑡 2 − 8𝑡
𝑑𝑡

If t = 3s
a = 3(3)2 −8(3)
Newton’s Laws of
Motion for a Particle
D’ Alembert’s Principle
“The resultant of the external forces applied to a body
(rigid or non-rigid) composed of a system of particles is
equivalent to the vector summation of the effective
forces acting on all particles.
Motion of the center of any Body
The principle of the motion of the center of any body says that
the resultant of the applied external forces is equivalent to the
product of the of the body and the acceleration of its center of
gravity; it is expressed by the equation
𝑊
R= 𝑎
𝑔

This equation is valid either for non-rigid bodies ot for the rigid
body motion of translation, rotation, and plane motion.
However, the location of the resultant force is not specified by
this equation.
END
ACTIVITY/QUIZ
1. The car moves in a straight line such that for a short
time its velocity is defined by v = (3t2 + 2t) ft/s, where t is
in seconds. Determine its position and acceleration when
t = 3 s. When t = 0, s = 0.
2. A small projectile is fired vertically downward into a
fluid medium with an initial velocity of 60 m/s. Due to the
drag resistance of the fluid, the projectile experiences a
deceleration of a = (-0.40v3) m/s2, where v is in m/s.
Determine the projectile’s velocity and position 4 seconds
after it is fired.
3. The position of the front bumper of a test car under
microprocessor control is given by x = 2.17 + 4.8t2 –
0.1t6, meters. Find its position and acceleration at the
instants when the car has zero velocity.
4. An uncontrolled automobile travelling at 45 mph strikes
a highway crash barrier square on. After initially hitting
the barrier, the automobile decelerates at a rate
proportional to the distance x the automobile has moved
into the barrier; specifically, by equation, a = - 60 𝑥,
where a and x are expressed in ft/s2 and ft, respectively.
Determine the distance the automobile will move into the
barrier before it comes to rest.

You might also like