NAME: GABIÑETE KENT M.

DATE: 04/22/23
COURSE/YEAR: BSMARE-3 INSTRUCTOR: ENGR. ORBELY AGUSTINO

Look for all information you can get on the most commonly used temperature sensors in the
industry. Your assignment should at least provide a visual info, operating principles, operating
ranges and its application. There are a lot of temperature sensors but i want you to focus only
on the following:

VISUAL INFO OPERATING OPERATING RANGES APPLICATION

PRINCIPLES
1.RTD Resistance Maximum Operating RTD sensor is
An RTD (Resistance Temperature Temperature Range = -195°C to 660°C used in
Detector) is a sensor whose Detectors (-383°F to 1475°F) automotive to
resistance changes as its (RTD) operates Note: RTD’s are not measure the
temperature changes. The resistance on the principle commonly used above engine
increases as the temperature of the that the 900°F. However, JMS temperature, an
sensor increases. The resistance vs electrical offers a special high oil level sensor,
temperature relationship is well resistance of a temperature RTD which intake air
known and is repeatable over time. metal changes will withstand temperature
An RTD is a passive device. It does predictably in temperatures up to sensors. In
not produce an output on its own. an essentially 1560°F. communication
External electronic devices are used linear and and
to measure the resistance of the repeatable Interchangeability = instrumentation
sensor by passing a small electrical manner with ±.25°C at 0°C for sensing the
current through the sensor to changes in over the
generate a voltage. Typically 1 mA or temperature. Stability = Less than .05°C temperature of
less measuring current, 5 mA RTD have a shift per year. amplifiers,
maximum without the risk of self- positive transistor gain
heating. temperature stabilizers, etc.
Nominal Operating
coefficient RTD is used in
(resistance Current = 1 milliampere. power
increases with electronics,
temperature). Maximum Safe Current = computer,
The resistance 20 Milliamperes. consumer
of the element electronics,
at a base Insulation Resistance = food handling
temperature is 100 mega ohms minimum and processing,
proportional to at 50 VDC. industrial
the length of the electronics,
element and Probe Encapsulation = medical
the inverse of High purity alumina oxide. electronics,
the cross military, and
sectional area. Time constant for RTD aerospace.
element without tubing = 1
A typical second maximum for the
electrical circuit sensor to reach 63.2% of
designed to a step change in
measure temperature in water at 3
temperature feet per second.
with RTDs
actually RTD probes will usually
measures a not have a transition if the
change in lead wires are
resistance of less than 12” in length.
the RTD, which Accuracy
is then used to The standard accuracy of
calculate a JMS Southeast’s RTD is
change in .1% of resistance at 0°C .
temperature. Accuracies of .03% and
The resistance .01% of resistance at 0°C
of an RTD are also available.
increases with
Stability
increasing
temperature, JMS Southeast bulbs are
just as the aged as part of the
resistance of a manufacturing
 strain gage process, thus ensuring
increases with high levels of stability.
increasing Generally the resistance
strain. at 0°C will hold less than a
.05°C shift per year.
Vibration
JMS detectors can
withstand a vibration level
of 30g over the frequency
range 10 Hz to 1 KHz.
Pressure
JMS RTD’s are insensitive
to large changes of
pressure.
Response Time
Response time of JMS
Southeast metal
encapsulated probes is
dependent on the outside
diameter of the probe and
the immersion
media, usually matches
that of the same size
ungrounded
thermocouple. (See page
1-13)
Self Heating
When tested in
accordance with
requirements of BS 1904:
1964
Section 3.16 the indicated
temperature rise in the
temperature
detector with a power of
10.0mW dissipated in it,
will not exceed
+.3°C
2.Thermocouple The operating This is very much Thermocouples
A thermocouple is a sensor for principle of the dependent on type but the are the most
measuring temperature. This sensor thermocouple is overall range for all widely used
consists of two dissimilar metal wires, based on the thermocouple types is - temperature
joined at one end, and connected to a Peltier effect. 200°C to +1800°C. There sensors on the
thermocouple thermometer or other The are many factors to planet due to
thermocouple-capable device at the thermocouple consider when selecting a their
other end. When properly configured, circuit consists thermocouple type for an combination of
thermocouples can provide of two metals application and we would wide
temperature measurements over joined together be happy to offer temperature
wide range of temperatures. to form two assistance where capabilities,
junctions of possible. The life of a ruggedness,
Thermocouples are known for their different thermocouple is also and low cost.
versatility as temperature sensors temperatures. A something to consider, Thermocouples
therefore commonly used on a wide Peltier emf is particularly at extreme are used in
range of applications - from an generated due temperatures and it may applications
industrial usage thermocouple to a to the be worth considering that range from
regular thermocouple found on difference in Infrared Pyrometers home
utilities and regular appliances. Due to temperatures of instead which can appliances to
their wide range of models and the two measure temperature industrial
technical specifications, it is extremely junctions of the from outside the process. processes, to
important to understand its basic circuit. The total electric power
structure, how it works, its ranges as emf within the generation, to
to better determine what is the right circuit can be furnace
type and material of thermocouple for measured monitoring and
your application. based on the control, to food
temperature of and beverage
the junctions processing, to
 and the automotive
properties of sensors, to
metals used in aircraft engines,
the circuit. to rockets,
satellites and
A body of spacecraft.
unknown When it comes
temperature is to high
connected to temperatures,
one of the small size, fast
junctions of the response, high
circuit, known vibration or
as the hot shock, most
junction. times you will
Another body, find
whose thermocouples
temperature is providing the
known, is temperature
connected to measurements.
the other
junction, known
as the cold or
reference
junction.

A voltmeter is
connected to
the circuit of the
thermocouple
to directly
measure the
voltage or
current output
from the
thermocouple
circuit.
3.Thermistor The thermistor Thermistors are ideal Thermistors are
A thermistor is a semiconductor type works on the when measuring a single used as
of resistor whose resistance is simple principle point temperature that is temperature
strongly dependent on temperature, of change in within 50°C of ambient. If sensors. They
more so than in standard resistors. resistance due the temperatures are can be found in
The word thermistor is a portmanteau to a change in excessively high or low, a every day
of thermal and resistor. Thermistors temperature. thermistor will not work. appliances such
are divided based on their conduction When the While there are as fire alarms,
model. ambient exceptions, most ovens and
temperature thermistors work best in refrigerators.
changes the the range between -55°C They are also
thermistor and +114°C. used in digital
starts self- thermometers
heating its Since thermistors are and in many
elements. its nonlinear, meaning the automotive
resistance temperature to resistance applications to
value is values plot on a graph as measure
changed with a curve rather than a temperature.
respect to this straight line, very high or
change in very low temperatures do Some more
temperature. not get recorded correctly. commercial
This change For example, very small uses for
depends on the changes in very high thermistors
type of temperatures will record include
thermistor negligible resistance applications in
used. The changes, which won’t Industrial
resistance translate into accurate Electronics,
temperature voltage changes. Medical
characteristics Electronics,
of different Food Handling
types of and Processing,
thermistors are Aerospace,
given in the Communication
following and
section. Instrumentation.
NTC
Thermistor NTC Thermistor
NTC stands for Application
Negative -Digital
Temperature Thermostats
coefficient. -Thermometers
They are -Battery pack
ceramic temperature
semiconductors monitors.
that have a high -In-rush-current
Negative limiting devices
Temperature
Coefficient of
PTC Thermistor
resistance. The
Application
resistance of an
-Over-current
NTC will
protection
decrease with
increasing -In-rush-current
temperature in protection
a non-linear
manner.

PTC Thermistor
PTC
thermistors are
Positive
Temperature
Coefficient
resistors and
are made of
polycrystalline
ceramic
materials. The
resistance of a
PTC will
increase with
increasing
temperature in
a non-linear
manner. The
PTC thermistor
shows only a
small change of
resistance with
temperature
until the
switching
point(TR) is
reached.