Scribd
Upload
15 views6 pages

Summary Lec - 5

Uploaded by

khalidsh35
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views6 pages

Summary Lec - 5

Uploaded by

khalidsh35
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Lecture 3

- domain => subject


- range => object

Semantic Web builds on


1- xml that define customized tagging schemes
2- rdf to represent data

- The first level above RDF for the Semantic Web is an ontology
language(owl)

OWL(web ontology language) : The language used to build ontologies


that describe information on the Semantic Web.

- An ontology is consisting of :
- A vocabulary(set of words) used to describe some domain
- specification of the intended meaning of the vocabulary
- a set of Constraints about the domain

- RDFS is also ontology language but it too weak because of :


- No existence constraints
- No transitive, inverse or symmetrical properties
- No localized range and domain constraints
- Difficult to provide reasoning support
OWL
*******

- The language used to build ontologies that describe information on the


Semantic Web
- OWL = DAML+OIL
- OWL providing additional vocabulary than XML,RDF,RDFS with a
formal semantics
- OWL has three sublanguages:
- OWL Lite
- OWL DL(Description logic)
- OWL full

- OWL Lite:
OWL Lite is the simplest sub-language of OWL, designed for scenarios
where only a basic class hierarchy and simple constraints are necessary.

- OWL DL(description logic):


- OWL DL is a sub-language of OWL that provides maximum
expressiveness while imposing constraints on the use of OWL language
constructs.
- It requires a clear separation between classes, datatypes, datatype
properties, and object properties.

- OWL Full:
OWL Full is the sub-language of OWL that offers maximum
expressiveness and unrestricted use of RDF constructs, and It provides
users with the freedom to treat classes as individuals.
- XMl => Rdf => RDFS => OWL lite => owl description logic => owl full
- dublin core => RDF
- Vcard RDF => RDF
- FOAF => OWL DL
- SIOC => OWL DL

OWL has 2 assumptions

1- open world assumptions


- not knowing that a statement is explicitly true does not imply that the
statement is false
2- no unique names assumption
- you cannot state that 2 different urls are different resources unless you
do it explicity

• The ontology contains :


- a series of classes
- property definitions
- descriptions of individuals
- data range descriptions

- object property => when relationship between resource and another


resource(class with class)
- data type property => when relationship between resource and literal
value ( class with literal value)
- A class is a collection of individuals(instances)
- an individual is an instance (member) of a class
- OWL class : Consists of some optional annotations(additonal details)
followed by zero or more constraints that restrict the membership of the
class

OWL vocabulary terms can be used to (describe a class) :


- rdfs:subClassOf : relationship between classes that imply the
class is more specific than the other ( inheritance)
- owl:equivalentClass : state that the two classes are equivalent
- owl:thing , the class of all inviduals , the parent of all

Annotation properties(predicate) ‫خلي بالك من االسم‬


**********************************
can be used to describe resources in the ontology, including classes,
properties, individuals,and data types.

list of the annotation properties that are provided in OWL to describe


new annotation properties:
- rdfs:label : give a label for the resource
- rdfs:comment : give text description for the resource
- rdfs:seeAlso : resource that provide addional information
- rdfs:isDefinedBy : specifies a resource that define the subject
resource

OWL properties(predicate) ‫ هنا دي غير الي فوق‬: are used to establish


relationships between resources
- owl:objectProperty: class of all properties that link two individuals
- owl:DatatypeProperty : The class of all properties that link an
individual with a literal value
- rdfs:domain : specifies the domain of the statement
- rdfs:range : specifies the range of the statement
- rdfs:subPropertyOf : Relationship between two properties that
specifies that one property is more specific than the other

Datatypes
*************

- represent the range of data values that are identified using URIs
- Are defined in XML Schema definition (xsd) , but you also can create
your own datatype

OWL Properties‘s(predicate) characteristics ‫الخصائص بتتاعتها‬


******************************************

A functional property : for any member of the domain , it can have at most one
value in the range
ex : onsider a functional property hasEmail. If it's marked as functional,
it ensures that each person can have only one email. So, if person A has
the email address "[email protected]," no other person can have the same
email address

An Inverse functional : for each element in the range , there can only one
corresponding element in the domain
ex : Let's take an inverse functional property like hasPassportNumber. If
marked as inverse functional, it ensures that each passport number
corresponds to only one person. So, if passport number "123456" belongs
to person A, no other person can have the same passport number
Transitive : "x hasProperty y " and "y hasProperty z " => "x hasProperty z "
ex : Consider a transitive property isAncestorOf. If person A is an
ancestor of person B, and person B is an ancestor of person C, then the
transitive property implies that person A is also an ancestor of person C

Symmetric : "x hasProperty y" implies "y hasProperty x is true


ex : ake a symmetric property like isSiblingOf. If person A is a sibling of
person B, then the symmetric property implies that person B is also a
sibling of person A.

Asymmetric : "x hasProperty y" then "y hasProperty x" cannot be true as well.
ex : Let's consider an asymmetric property isParentOf. If person A is the
parent of person B, then the asymmetric property implies that person B
cannot be the parent of person A

OWL vocabulary terms are used to describe individuals(instances) ‫ركز في‬


‫ المصطلح‬:
********************************************************************
rdf:type A relationship that specifies the class of which an individual is a
member.
owl:sameAs A relationship that specifies that two individuals are the same
individual.
owl:differentFrom A relationship that specifies that two individuals are not
the same individual

Design and maintain high quality ontologies


• Meaningful : all named classes can have instances
• Correct: captures intuitions of domain experts
• Minimally redundant: no unintended synonyms
By : ‫عبدالرحمن محمد و االء محمد‬

You might also like