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What is Normalization in DBMS

normalization

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12 views

What is Normalization in DBMS

normalization

Uploaded by

bit student
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Normalization in DBMS? Explain 1NF, 2NF and 3NF briefly.

Normalization is a database design technique that is used to minimize redundancy


and dependency in a database. Redundancy and dependency can lead to a number
of problems, such as data inconsistencies, data anomalies, and difficulty in updating
and maintaining the database. Normalization is a process of decomposing a table
into smaller tables and defining relationships between them to make the database
more flexible, scalable, and maintainable.

There are several normal forms that are used to achieve different levels of
normalization.

The three most widely used normal forms are the first normal form (1NF), the
second normal form (2NF), and the third normal form (3NF).

1NF (First Normal Form):

A table is said to be in first normal form if it meets the following criteria:

• It has a unique primary key, which is a field or combination of fields that


uniquely identifies each row in the table.

• It does not contain any repeating groups, i.e., there are no multiple
occurrences of a single column within a single row.

2NF (Second Normal Form): A table is said to be in second normal form if it meets
the following criteria:

• It is already in 1NF.

• It does not contain any partial dependencies, i.e., a non-key column is


dependent on only part of the primary key.

3NF (Third Normal Form): A table is said to be in third normal form if it meets the
following criteria:

• It is already in 2NF.

• It does not contain any transitive dependencies, i.e., a non-key column is


dependent on another non-key column.

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