CNS 1 MODULE

PLP 2021 PT/OT BOARD REVIEW

by Sir Da, PTRP and Julian Lacanlale, PTRP, CNMT

CNS1

EMBRYONIC DIVISION

1. A patient was observed to have a unilateral sudden, violent, flailing motion of his upper and lower
extremities. What subdivision of the developing brain is the structure affected classified?
a. Myelencephalon
b. Telencephalon
c. Metencephalon
d. Mesencephalon
e. NOTA

PRIMARY DIVISION SUBDIVISION ADULT STRUCTURE Ventricles

“Pro-Mese-Rho”
PROSENCEPHALON Telencephalon Cerebrum/Cortex Lateral
BG/Subcortical White Ventricles
Matter
Hippocampus
Diencephalon Subthalamus Third Ventricle
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Pineal Gland
Infundibulum
MESENCEPHALON Mesencephalon Tectum Cerebral
(midbrain) Tegmentum Aqueduct
Crus cerebri
RHOMBENCEPHALON Metencephalon Pons Fourth
Cerebellum Ventricle
Myelencephalon Medulla Oblongata
Spinal Cord

NEURONS AND NEUROGLIA

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CNS Neuroglia PNS Neuroglia

ASTROCYTES SATELLITE CELLS
- Star shape - Supporting framework of PNS for more
- Most numerous in CNS effective conduction
- Supporting framework
- Astrocytoma – MC brain tumor
MICROGLIA
- Smallest SCHWANN CELLS
- “scavenger” - Myelin sheath of PNS
- Macrophage of NS
- Involved in immune system
EPENDYMAL CELLS
- “tanycytes”
- Cuboidal in shape
- Regulate & transport CSF
OLIGODENDROCYTES
- Myelin sheath of CNS

2. The following are structures present in the central nervous system except:
a. Schwann Cells
b. Nerve tract
c. Oligodendrocytes
d. Glial cells

NEUROCONDITION1
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Autoimmune disease with segmental demyelination, inflammation and gliosis.
Other name: Demyelination disease of CNS, Crippling disease of young adult

Charcot’s Triad/Cardinal signs

Scanning Speech
Intention Tremor
Nystagmus

Etiology
• idiopathic
Risk factors
• F>
• 20-40 years old
• Temperate places
• Family History
• Smoking
• Decrease Vit D levels

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Hallmark: Multifocal hardened plaques formation seen in MRI

Medications: Interferons: Betaseron Extavia, Avonex Rebif
For Acute MS: Corticosteroids

Sites of Predilection
• Periventricular White Matter
• Optic Nerve
• Brainstem
• Cortex
• CST
• Cerebellum
• Cervical Spinal Cord ( Posterior White Column )

7 functional systems
• Visual
• Pyramidal
• Sensory
• Cerebellum
• Brainstem
• Bowel/Bladder/Sexual
• Mental

POBCCCC

Multiple Sclerosis
Ni Charcot Iyan
Common sa Babae
Na Adult young
That lives in a Cold
Far far away
Immune Disease
With SIN no way
Hallmark nito ay plaque 3x
Makikitamo sa MRI
Bigyan mo ng Interferon
Betaseron, Extavia, Avonex, Rebif

85-relapsing remitting
20 secondary
10 primary
5 PRMS

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3. A 21-year-old right handed female student was working in the photography lab 1 week ago, which
required standing all day. After that, she experienced a cold sensation in the left foot and her entire
left leg fell asleep. The feeling lasted 4 to 5 days and then slowly went away. Her right lower
extremity was fine. She had a slight back pain, which she thought was due to using a poor mattress.
Past history includes an episode of optic neuritis in the left eye 2 years ago. One day, her left eye
became blurred and her vision went out. In 1 week, her vision returned to normal. She has not had
a repeat episode since then. She had an MRI of her brain, which was normal that time. Examination
is significant for brisk reflexes and sustained clonus at the right ankle. Babinski sign is present on
the right. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
a. Stoke
b. Transcient ischemic attack
c. Multiple sclerosis
d. GBS
e. Parkinson’s disease

4. Areas of predilection for MS, Except:

a. Optic nerve
b. Ventral spinal cord
c. Cerebellar peduncles
d. NOTA

5. The most common type of MS:

a. Primary progressive
b. Progressive relapsing
c. Relapsingremitting
d. Secondary progressive
e. Nota

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6. Characterized by discrete attacks of neurological deficits (relapse) with either full or partial recovery
(remission) in subsequent weeks to months.
a. RRMS
b. SPMS
c. PPMS
d. PRMS

Relapsing-Remitting MS Primary-Progressive MS
· Characterized by discrete attacks of · Characterized by disease progression
neurological deficits (relapse) with either full or and steady function decline from onset;
partial recovery (remission) in subsequent patients may experience modest fluctuations
weeks to months. in neurological disability but discrete attacks
· The periods between relapses are do not occur
characterized by lack of disease progression · PPMS is associated with LATER
· The stable patient may have a local ONSET and more equal gender distribution
inflammatory activity that is clinically silent · Affect 10% of the patients with MS
· Affect 85% of the patients

Secondary Progressive MS Progressive- Relapsing MS

· Characterized by an initial relapsing- · Characterized by a steady deterioration
remitting course, followed by a change in clinical from onset but with occasional acute attacks
course with progression to steady and · Intervals between attacks are
irreversible decline with or without continued characterized by continual disease
attacks progression
· May be the result of progressive axonal · Affects 5% of patients with MS
loss rather than new lesions
· 20% of RRMS

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CEREBRUM

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7. This divides the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes
a. longitudinal cerebral fissure
b. parietooccipital fissure
c. Rolandic sulcus
d. Sylvian sulcus
e. calcarine sulcus

LOBE FUNCTIONS:
Frontal – Motor, Language, Intelligence, Cognition, Judgment
Parietal- Sensation and Perception
Temporal- Hearing, Memory, Smell
Occipital- Vision
Insular- Emotion and Pain
Limbic- Memory, Olfaction, Sex Drive, Emotion

8. A 99 year-old woman was found unconscious at home. Two days later, the therapist examines her
in the hospital. Findings include normal sensation and movement on the right side of the body with
impaired sensation (touch, pressure, proprioception) and paralysis on the left side of the body. The
left side of her lower face and her trunk are similarly impaired. The most likely location of the lesion
is the
a. left side of brainstem
b. left parietal lobe
c. spinal cord
d. right parietal lobe

9. The patient has experienced a lesion in the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere. Which of the
following would most likely be affected?
a. vision
b. sensory perception and interpretation
c. personality and speech
d. hearing and comprehension of speech

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10. The motor homunculus is located on the ______, while the somatosensory homunculus is located
on the _____.
a. Precentral gyrus of the parietal lobe; Postcentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
b. Postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe; Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
c. Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe; Postcentral lobe of the parietal lobe
d. Postcentral gyrus of the frontal lobe; Precentral gyrus of the parietal lobe

FIBER CONNECTION:
• Commissural Fiber – connects corresponding regions of two hemisphere
• Corpus callosum
• Anterior commissure
• Posterior commissure
• Habenular commissure
• Association Fiber – connects various cortical regions within the same hemisphere
• ARCUATE FASCICULUS
• Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus
• Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus
• Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus
• Projection Fiber – connects cerebral hemisphere with interior structures

11. Habenular Comissure is what type of fiber?

a. association fibers
b. projection fibers
c. commissural fibers
d. none of these

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FRONTAL BA 4 Primary Motor - Executes movement

flaccidity
BA 6 Pre-motor - Modifies movement
Spasticity
BA 8 Frontal Eye Field - Frontal Gaze Palsy (eyes go to I/L to lesion)
- Pontine Gaze Palsy (C/L to lesion)
BA 9-12 Pre-frontal Personality change
BA 44- Broca’s Area
45
PARIETAL BA Primary - Sensation
3,1,2 Somatosensory Hemianesthesia
BA 5,7 Sensory Association - Modifies/integrates BA 3,1,2
PKV (Proprioception, Kinesthesia, Vibration)
2-pt discrimination
Stereognosis
Barognosis
Graphesthesia
BA 39 Angular Gyrus Gertsman Syndrome
- R-L discrimination
- Acalculia
- Finger agnosia
- Agraphia
BA 40 Supramarginal Gyrus Ideomotor Apraxia
Anosognosia (inability to recognize own condition)
BA 43 Primary Gustatory Ageusia (inability or loss of taste)
TEMPORAL BA 41 Primary Auditory - Aka: HESCHEL
BA 42 Secondary Auditory Deaf
BA 22 Wernicke’s Area

OCCIPITAL BA 17 Primary Visual C/L Homonymous Hemianopsia

- Assoc with PCA occlusion w/ macular sparing

BA 18 Visual Association Color Agnosia / Dyschromatopsia

Alexia without agraphia (difficulty reading)

BA 19 BA 18,19
Simultagnosia (di ma-construct bigger picture; common in Balint
Syndrome)
Prosopagnosia (inability to recognize familiar faces)

12. A patient with brain injury has visual agnosia. As a PT that has proper knowledge of the different
areas of the brain and their functions, where is the most probable lesion in this condition:
a. area 18, 19
b. area 5,7
c. area 3, 1, 2
d. area 41
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13. Lesion in this area will produce flaccidity:

a. 6
b. 4
c. 44
d. 45

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
• Functions
• Absorbs shock and protects the brain and the spinal cord
• Helps transport nutrients and wastes from the blood and the nervous tissue
• Regulate ICP (N: 60-150 mmhg)
• ”PNR” (Protect-Nutrients-Regulates ICP)

CSF FLOW:
1. Choroid Plexus
2. Lateral Ventricles (2)
3. Interventricular Foramen (Foramen of Monroe)
4. 3rd Ventricle
5. Cerebral aqueduct of sylvius
6. 4th Ventricle
7. Openings
- Foramen of Magendie (Medial)
- Foramen of Luschka (Lateral)
8. Central Canal
9. Subarachnoid Space (End: S2-S3)
10. Arachnoid Villi

14. This is the midline opening at the inferior part of the roof of fourth ventricle towards the
subarachnoid space where most of the CSF passes through.
a. Foramen of Monro
b. Foramen of Luschka
c. Foramen of Magendie
d. Foramen Magnum

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NEUROCONDITION2
TBI

15. MOST common cause of TBI

a. Blast
b. Assaults
c. Traffic related accident
d. Falls

16. Which of the following is not true about diffuse axonal injury (DAI)?
a. Primarily occurs at grey matter
b. Only seen in traumatic brain injury (TBI)
c. Responsible for loss of conscience (LOC)
d. Occurs from acceleration-deceleration and rotational forces

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17. During muscle tone testing, you noted slight resistance to passive movement manifested by a
catch, followed by a resistance throughout less than half of the remaining ROM. Using the modified
Ashworth Scale of Spasticity, your assessment should be:
a. Grade 1
b. Grade 1+
c. Grade 2
d. Grade 3
e. Grade 4

Modified Ashworth Scale

Score Description

0 No increase in muscle tone

1 Slight increase in muscle tone

manifested by a catch and release or
by minimal resistance at end range of
motion

1+ Slight increase in muscle tone,

manifested by a catch followed by
minimal resistance throughout the
remainder of the range of motion

2 More marked increase in tone through

most of the range of motion but joint is
easily moved

3 Considerable increase in muscle tone;

passive movement is difficult

4 Affected part is in rigid flexion or

extension

Tardieu Scale

SCORE DESCRIPTION

0 No resistance throughout the course of the

passive movement

1 Slight resistance throughout the course of

the passive movement with no clear catch
at a precise angle

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2 Clear catch at a precise angle, interrupting

the passive movement followed by
release

3 Fatiguable clonus, less than 10 seconds

when maintaining pressure, appearing at
a precise angle

4 Non-fatiguable clonus, more than 10

seconds when maintaining pressure, at a
precise angle

18. A fatiguable clonus, less than 10 seconds when maintaining pressure, appearing at a precise angle.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. None of these

19. Neuroplasticity is a concept that refers to all of the following except:

a. The potential ability of the central nervous system to modify its structural and functional
organization
b. Partial recovery is possible long after sustaining a brain injury
c. The brain remains capable of changing in response to experience and injury
d. Insult or injury to the CNS is permanent and functional ability cannot be altered with any type of
intervention

PRINCIPLES OF EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT
NEUROPLASTICITY
failure to drive specific brain functions can
lead to functional degradation
training that drives a specific brain function
can lead to an enhancement of that function
the nature of the training experience dictates
the nature of the plasticity
induction of plasticity requires sufficient
repetition
Induction of plasticity requires sufficient
training intensity
different forms of plasticity occur at different
times during training
the training experience must be sufficiently
salient to induce plasticity
training-induced plasticity occurs more readily
in younger brains
plasticity in response to one training
experience can enhance the acquisition of
similar behaviors

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plasticity in response to one experience can

interfere with the acquisition of other
behaviors

20. Which of the following is true about Glasgow Coma Scale in traumatic brain injury?
a. A GCS of 2 is a severe injury
b. A GCS of 8 is a moderate injury
c. A GCS of 10 is a moderate injury
d. A GCS of 12 is a mild injury

Severity of TBI
MILD MODERATE SEVERE
LOC: 0-30 30-1 >1
PTA: 0-1 1-7 >7

GCS: 13-15 9-12 3-8

Its turning out, I got TBI

I took a shower nadulas on my way
Inside I felt, my brain have really changed
CPP = MAP minus ICP
CPP more 50 , ICP less 20
MAP 60-110
MILD MODERATE and SEVERE
0-30 minutes, 30 to 1 day, more than 1 day LOC

0-1 1 to 7 days more than 7 days

naman AMNESIA

GCS score 13-15 mild 9-12 moderate 3-8 OMG that’s severe
naman and you wouldn’t even feel
if I touch you

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21. Cerebral perfusion pressure to prevent TBI ischemia:

a. 15-30 mmhg
b. 35-50 mmhg
c. 50-70 mmhg
d. nota

22. 32 yr old male with TBI patient can initiate social interaction, but still presents with impaired
judgment. What is his level in the Ranchos Level of Cognitive functioning scale?
a. Level III: Localized response
b. Level VII: Automatic, appropriate response
c. Level I: No response
d. Level IV: confused agitated response
e. Level VI: Confused, appropriate response

RLA
I- No Response Pt is in deep sleep
II- Generelized Response Responses may be physiologic body changes
Responses is limited and the same regardless of the type
of stimulus
III- Localised Response May follow simple command inconsistently
Responses is directly related to the type of stimulus
IV- Confused Agitated Bizzare behaviour
Pt is in heightened state of activity
No short term recall
V- Confused Inappropriate Simple commands are followed fairly consistently
No learning is possible
VI- Confused Appropriate May follow simple direction consistently
Goal directed behaviour
+ carry over for relearned task
VII – Automatic Appropriate Pt performs daily activity automatically , ROBOT LIKE
+ new learning @ a decreased rate JUDGMENT IMPAIRED
VIII- Purposeful Appropriate + Abstract reasoning
+ new learning without supervision
Environmental awareness
IX- Purposeful and
Appropriate with stand-by
assistance upon request
X- Purposeful and
appropriate modified
assitance

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Basal Ganglia

23. Which of the following statements is true of the lesions of basal ganglia?
A. muscle tone abnormalities and involuntary movements
B. disorders involving initiation of movement
C. difficulty in continuing and stopping movement
D. all of these

Basal Ganglia functions are as follows:

1. Modulation of movements
2. Initiation of movements
3. Smoothens the movement
4. Normalization of tone

24. Identify the following movement disorder: Large-amplitude, sudden, violent, flailing motions of the
arm and leg of one side of the body
a. HEMIBALLISMUS
b. TREMOR
c. ATHETOSIS
d. CHOREA
e. ASCOGNIA
Movement
Disorders
Chorea Brief rapid, forceful, dysrhytmic, discrete, purposeless,
flinging of limb
Athetosis Slow, writhing movements and inability to maintain position
of limb or body part
Ballismus Large amplitude, flinging movement of limb (usually
proximal)
Dystonia Sustained muscle contraction that leads to repetitive twisting
movements of variable speed and abnormal posture
Tremor Rhytmic, oscillatory movements of a body part
Tic Intermittent, repetitive, stereotypical, abrupt, jerky, typically
affecting the face and head
Stereotypy Purposeless, uniformly repetitive, voluntary, movement of
whole body areas
Akathisia Subjective restlessness, compulsion to move about
Myoclonus Sudden, brief, irregular, contraction of a group of muscle

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25. Tourette syndrome is a disorder in which of the persons have any of the following except:
a. Multiple motor and vocal tics
b. Paranoid delusions and hallucinations
c. Obscene and scatologic vocalizations
d. Onset of disease by 21 years of age
e. Persistence of disease for more than 1 year

Diagnostic criteria for tourette syndrome from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition
(DSM-IV-TR)

1. Both multiple and one or more vocal tics must be present at some time during the illness, although not necessarily
concurrently
2. The tics occur many times a day (usually in bouts nearly every day or intermittently) over more than 1 year, during
which time there must not have been a tic free period of more than 3 consecutive months.
3. The age at onset is younger than 18 years.
4. The disturbance is not caused by the direct physiologic effects of a substance or general medical condition

26. On CT scanning of the brain of the patient with Huntington disease, atrophy is usually most evident
in the:
a. Cerebellum
b. Subthalamic nucleus
c. Pons
d. Putamen snd subthalamic nucleus
e. Substansia nigra

PD

Primary PD 78%
Shaking Palsy
Idiopathic, Genetic, Most Common
• PIGD (postural instability gait disturbed)
• Tremor Predominant

Secondry PD
Least Common
- Encephalitis Lethargica (Von Economo’s Dse) - Post infectious
- Dementia Pugilistica (Punch-Drunk Syn) - Post traumatic (Boxers)
- Manganese - Toxic
- Wilson’s disease (Hepatolenticular degeneration) - Copper Accumulation
- Drug induced - Anti-Hypertensive, Anti-Depressant, Anti-Psychotic

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Parkinson Plus Syndrome

Mimics PD
• Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ( Steele-Richardson-Olszewski Syndrome)
• Cortico Basal Ganglionic Degeneration
• PD with early dementia
o Diffuse Cortico Lewy Bodies
o Alzheimers
o Guamanian ALS - (lytico-bodig disease) Chamorro people -
• Multi System Atrophy
o Striatonigral Degeneration - MSA P
o Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy - MSA C
o Shy Drager Syndrome - MSA - A

TREMOR RIGIDITY AKINESIA POSTURAL

INSTABILITY

Most common Increased resistance Poverty of Last symptom to occur

presenting symptom to passive motions spontaneous Indicative of
- 3-5 hz, 4-6 Hz, 4- Predominantes in movement progression to advance
7 Hz Flexor muscles HYPOKINESIA stages of the disease
Hand (pill rolling Pt. Complains of Decrease amplitude Frequent cause of falls
tremor) heaviness and of movement and injuries
- Rhythmic flexion stiffness BRADYKLINESIA
& ext of index and Felt uniformly in Slowness of
thumb agonist and antagonist movement
- Present @ rest, muscle Most disabling
fatigue & stress 2 forms symptom of PD
- Improves with Cogwheel
mvmt Leadpipe
- d/a during sleep Onset: asymmetric
Prox>distal

27. Most Common type of Parkinson’s Disease

a. Drug-induced
b. Idiopathic
c. Metabolic
d. Secondary

28. Parkinson plus syndrome, except:

a. Diffuse Lewy Body Disease
b. Alzheimer’s disease
c. Sporadic olivoponto cerebellar atrophy
d. NOTA

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 CNS 1 MODULE
PLP 2021 PT/OT BOARD REVIEW
by Sir Da, PTRP and Julian Lacanlale, PTRP, CNMT

29. Which of the Parkinson plus syndrome is characterized by onset of 40 - 60 years of age, involving
weakness in lower extremities (LE) with possible intention tremor of LE, and ataxia plus dysarthria?
a. Multiple system atrophy (Shy-Drager syndrome)
b. Supranuclear palsy
c. Olivopontocerebellar atrophy
d. Striatonigral degeneration

30. All of the following clinical presentation are considered positive phenomena:
a. Tremor

b. Rigidity
c. Flexed posture
Positive Prognostic Negative Prognostic Indicator
d. Freezing phenomenon
Indicator

TRF Be A Good Citizen of the

- Tremor PhiLippines
- Rigidity -Bradykinesia
- Family history -Akinesia
-Gait Difficulty
-Cognitive Impairment
-Postural Impairment
-Late age onset

31. What stage in Hoehn- Yahr classification does the patient demonstrate, if the patient has restricted
movements and unsteadiness when turning or rising from a chair?
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4

19
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 CNS 1 MODULE
PLP 2021 PT/OT BOARD REVIEW
by Sir Da, PTRP and Julian Lacanlale, PTRP, CNMT

Hoehn-Yahr Classification of Disability Modified Hoehn - Yahr

I - Minimal or Absent ; Unilateral if present. 0 - No signs of disability
1 - Unilateral disease with minimal of absent
disability
1.5 - Unilateral plus axial involvment
II - Minimal bilateral or mdline involvement. 2 - Bilateral disease, without impairment of
Balance not impairend balance

2.5 – Mild bilateral disease, with recovery on

pull test
III - Impaired righting reflexes. 3 – mild to moderate bilateral disease; some
Unsteadiness when turning or rising from a chair. postural instability with impaired righting
Patient can live independently and continue some reflexes; physically independent
forms of employment

IV - All symptoms present and severe 4 – Severe disability; still able to walk or stand
Standing and walking possible only with assistance assisted. Requires help with some activities of
daily living

V - confined to bed or wheelchair 5 – Wheelchair bound or bedridden unless

aided

DIENCEPHALON DIVISIONS
Thalamus
▪Major relay station for most sensory impulses

Hypothalamus
▪Control of the ANS
▪Production of hormones
▪Regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns, eating and drinking, body temperature, and circadian
rhythms

Subthalamus
▪Plays a role in motor control
▪
Epithalamus
▪Consists of pineal gland which secretes a hormone called melatonin – induces sleep

32. The following are the four major parts of diencephalon except:
a. Thalamus
b. Subthalamus
c. Epithalamus
d. Claustrum

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the Professional Regulatory Board, Philippine Regulation Commission.
 CNS 1 MODULE
PLP 2021 PT/OT BOARD REVIEW
by Sir Da, PTRP and Julian Lacanlale, PTRP, CNMT

33. These regions of the brain appear to be directly responsible for the regulatory function of
maintaining the body temperature at 34°C.
a. corticomedial amygdala
b. preventricular zone of hypothalamus
c. preoptic and anterior hypothalamic area
d. dentate gyrus and hippocampus

CEREBELLUM
- “little brain”
- With 2 hemispheres IPSILATERAL AFFECTATION

GENERAL FUNCTION OF CEREBELLUM

(1) Coordination
(2) Balance lesion: gait ataxia
(3) Tone lesion: hypotonia

MANIFESTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CEREBELLAR STROKE

Hypotonia- Decrease in muscle tone
•Usual finding: diminished reflexes
Dysmetria- Disturbance in ability to judge distance
Hyper or Hypo
Dysdiadochokinesia- Impaired ability to do rapid alternatingmotion
Tremor- Involuntary oscillatory movement resulting from alternate contractions of opposingmuscle
•Kinetic/ Intention Tremor
Dyssynergia (Movement Decomposition)- Movement performed in a sequence of component parts rather
than as asingle, smooth activity.
Disorders of Gait- Ambulatory patterns that demonstrate awide BOS with high guard support. Unsteady,
staggering and irregular gait pattern

Dysarthria- Disorder of the motor component of speech

•Scanning Speech
Nystagmus- Rhythmic, oscillatory movement of the eyes
•Most common eye problem in cerebellar lesions.
•
Rebound Phenomenon- Loss of check reflex which functions to halt forceful active movements
Asthenia- Generalized muscle weakness associated with cerebellar lesions.

LOBE OLD NAME NEW NAME FXN COND

Anterior Palleocerebellum Spinocerebellum Tone Asthenia
Hypotonia
Flocculonodular Archicerebellum Vestibulocerebellum Balance Gait ataxia

Posterior Neocerebellum Cerebrocerebellum Coordination Dys-

Tremor

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 CNS 1 MODULE
PLP 2021 PT/OT BOARD REVIEW
by Sir Da, PTRP and Julian Lacanlale, PTRP, CNMT

34. Symptoms of Incoordination, dysdiadochokinesia, & dysmetria can be expected with a lesion
located in the
a. neocerebellum
b. spinocerebellum
c. vermis
d. vestibulocerebellum

35. A physical therapist completes a coordination assessment on a 67-year-old patient with central
nervous system involvement. After reviewing the results of the assessment, the therapist
concludes the clinical findings are indicative of cerebellar dysfunction. Which finding is NOT
associated with cerebellar dysfunction?
a. Dysmetria
b. Hypertonia
c. Ataxia
d. Nystagmus

22
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Program © 2021 PT/OT Board Exam. Unauthorized reproduction, use or dissemination, uploading or downloading
is strictly prohibited and shall be prosecuted to the full extent of the law, including administrative complaints with
the Professional Regulatory Board, Philippine Regulation Commission.