UNIT & DIMENSION

The quantities which can be measured by an instrument and by means of which we can describe the
laws of physics are called physical quantities. Till class X we have studied many physical quantities
eg. length, velocity, acceleration, force, time, pressure, mass, density etc.
Physical quantities are of three types

Fundamental Derived Supplementary

or Quantities Quantities
Basic quantities

 These are the elementary quantities which covers the entire span of physics.
 Any other quantities can be derived from these.
 All the basic quantities are chosen such that they should be different, that means indepen-
dent of each other. (i.e., distance, time and velocity cannot be chosen as basic quantities as

d
V= ). An International Organization named CGPM : General Conference on weight and
t
Measures, chose seven physical quantities as basic or fundamental.

Length Time Mass Temperature Electrical Luminous Amount

(L) (T) (M) (K) current Intensity of
(A) (Cd) Substance
(mol)

These are the elementary quantities (in our planet) that’s why chosen as basic quantities.
In fact any set of independent quantities can be chosen as basic quantities by which all
other physical quantities can be derived.

i.e., (mol)
(A) (V) () (S) (R) (Cd)
Area Velocity Density Sp.Heat Resistance Luminous mole
Capacity

Page # 1
 Can be chosen as basic quantities (on some other planet, these might also be used as
basic quantities)

But (L) (A) (V)

Length Area Velocity

cannot be used as basic quantities as

Area = (Length)2 so they are not independent.

Physical quantities which can be expressed in terms of basic quantities (M,L,T....) are called derived
quantities.
i.e., Momentum P = mV

displaceme nt ML
= (m) = M1 L1 T – 1
time T
Here [ M1 L1 T – 1 ] is called dimensional formula of momentum , and we can say that momentum has
1 Dimension in M (mass)
1 Dimension in L (meter)
and –1 Dimension in T (time)
The representation of any quantity in terms of basic quantities (M,L,T....) is called dimensional for-
mula and in the representation, the powers of the basic quantities are called dimensions.

Besides seven fundamental quantities two supplementary quantities

are also defined. They are
 Plane angle (The angle between two lines) 
 Solid angle

 Height, width, radius, displacement etc. are a kind of length. So we can say that their dimension
is [L]

[Height]
[Width]
[radius] [L]
[displacement]

here [Height] can be read as “Dimension of Height”

 Area = Length × Width
[Area] = [Length] × [Width]
= [L] × [L]
= [L2]
For circle
Area = r2
[Area] = [] [r2]
= [1] [L2]
= [L2]

Page # 2
 Here  is not a kind of length or mass or time so  shouldn’t effect the dimension of Area.
Hence its dimension should be 1 (M0L0T 0) and we can say that it is dimensionless. From
similar logic we can say that all the numbers are dimensionless.

[200]
[-1]
0 0 0
[3] [M L T ] = 1
Dimensionless
 1
 2
 

 [Volume] = [Area] × [Height]

= L × L × L
= [L3]
For sphere

4 3
Volume = r
3

4 
[Volume] =   [r 3]
3 
= (1) [L3] = [L3]
So dimension of volume will be always [L3] whether it is volume of a cuboid or volume of
sphere.
Dimension of a physical quantity will be same, it doesn’t depend on which formula we
are using for that quantity.

mass
 Density =
volume

[mass] M
[Density] = = = [M1L– 3]
[ volume] L3

displaceme nt
 Velocity (V) =
time

[Displacement ] L
[V] = = = [M0L1T –1]
[ time] T

dV
 Acceleration (a) =
dt

dV  kind of velocity LT 1
[a] = =  LT  2
dt  kind of time T

 Momentum (P) = mV
[P] = [M] [V]
= [M] [LT –1]
= [M1L1T –1]

 Force (F) = ma
[F] = [m] [a]
= [M] [LT –2]
= [M1L1T –2]

Page # 3
 Work or Energy = force × displacement
[Work] = [force] [displacement]
= [M1L1T –2] [L]
= [M1L2T –2]

work
 Power =
time

[ work ] M1L2 T 2
[Power] = = = [M1L2T – 3]
[ time] T

Force
 Pressure =
Area

[Force] M1L1T 2
[Pressure] = = = M 1L – 1T – 2
[ Area] L2

 Angle ()

Arc
(Angular displacement)  =
radius

[ Arc ] L
[] = = = [M0L0T 0] (Dimensionless)
[radius] L


 Angular velocity () =
t

[] 1
[] = = = [M0L0T –1]
[ t] T

d
 Angular acceleration () =
dt

[d] M0L0 T 1
[] = = = [M0L0T – 2]
[dt ] T

 Torque = Force × Arm length

[Torque] = [force] × [arm length]
= [M1L1T –2] × [L] = [M1L2T –2]

m1 r m2
Fg Fg

If two bodies of mass m 1 and m 2 are placed at r distance, both feel gravitational attraction
force, whose value is,

Page # 4
 Gm1m 2
Gravitational force F g =
r2
where G is a constant called Gravitational constant

[G][m1 ][m 2 ]
[F g] =
[r 2 ]

[G][M][M]
[M1L1T – 2] =
[L2 ]
[G] = M– 1 L3 T – 2

To increase the temperature of a body by T, Heat required is Q = ms T
Here s is called specific heat capacity.
[Q] = [m] [s] [T]
Here Q is heat : A kind of energy so [Q] = M1L2T –2
[M1L2T –2] = [M] [S] [K]
[S] = [M0L2T –2K–1]


fv
If any spherical ball of radius r moves with velocity v in a viscous
Liquid, then viscous force acting on it is given by r
Fv = 6rv r
Here  is coefficient of viscosity V
[F v] = [6] [] [r] [v]
M L T – 2 = (1) [] [L] [LT – 1]
1 1

[] = M1L– 1T – 1


If light of frequency  is falling , energy of a photon is given by
E = h Here h = Planck’s constant
[E] = [h] []

1
 = frequency =
Time Period

1  1
 [] = =  
[Time Period] T 

so M1L2 T – 2 = [h] [T –1]

[h] = M1L2T – 1

 Suppose in any formula, (L + ) term is coming (where L is length). As length can be added
only with a length, so  should also be a kind of length.
So [] = [L]

 Similarly consider a term (F – ) where F is force. A force can be added/substracted with a

force only and give rise to a third force. So  should be a kind of force and its result (F –)
should also be a kind of force.

Page # 5
 F–
a third force should be a kind of
and its dimension force  [ = M L T
1 1 –2
1 1 –2
will also be M L T


One quantity can be added / substracted with a similar quantity only and give rise to the
similar quantity.

Example 1.

 
2 = Fv +
t x2

Find dimension formula for [] and [] ( here t = time, F = force, V = velocity, x = distance)

Solution :
Since [Fv] = M1L2T – 3 ,

 
so  2  should also be M L T
1 2 –3
x 

[]
= M 1 L 2T – 3
[x 2 ]

[] = M1L4T – 3

  
and Fv  2  will also have dimension M L T
1 2 –3

 x 

[ ]
so = M 1L 2T – 3
[t 2 ]

[] = M1L2T – 1

Example 2. For n moles of gas, Vander waal’s equation is

 a 
 P  2  (V – b) = nRT
 V 

Find the dimensions of a and b, where P is gas pressure, V = volume of gas T = tempera-
ture of gas

 a 
Solution : P  2  (v – b) = nRT
 V 

 
should be a should be a kind
kind of pressure of volume

Page # 6
 [a]
So = M 1L – 1T – 2
[V 2 ]

So [b] = L3

[a]
= M–1 L–1 T – 2
[L ]2

 [a] = M1 L5 T –2


Consider a term sin()

 Perpendicu lar 
Here  is dimensionless and sin   is also dimensionless.
 Hypoteneou s 
 Whatever comes in sin(......) is dimensionless and entire [sin (.......)] is also dimen-
sionless.

sin(- - -)
 dimensionless
dimensionless

cos(- - -)
 dimensionless
dimensionless

tan(- - -)
 dimensionless
dimensionless

(- - -)
2

dimensionless
dimensionless

(- - -)
e

dimensionless dimensionless

loge(- - -)
 dimensionless
dimensionless

Page # 7
Example 3.
F
= sin (t) (here V = velocity, F = force, t = time)
V2
Find the dimension of  and 

Solution :
 = F2 sin ( t)
V
dimensionless
dimensionless  [] [t] = 1
[] = [T –1]

[F] [M1L1T 2 ]
So [] = = = M1L – 1 T 0
[V 2 ] [L1T 1] 2

Example 4.

FV 2  2 
= 2 loge  2  where F = force , V = velocity
 V 

Find the dimensions of  and .

Solution :

Fv2 2
= loge
2 V2

dimensionless dimensionless

[F][ V 2 ]
 [] =
[ 2 ]

[2][]
 = 1
[V 2 ]

[1][]
 = 1
L2 T 2
 [] = L2T – 2

[M1L1T 2 ][L2 T 2 ]
 [] =
[L2 T 2 ] 2

 [] = M1L – 1 T 0


If the dimensions of the L.H.S and R.H.S are same, then we can say that this eqn. is at
least dimensionally correct. So this equation may be correct.
But if dimensions of L.H.S and R.H.S is not same then the equation is not even dimension-
ally correct.

Page # 8
 So it cannot be correct.
i.e.  A formula is given
centrifugal force

mv 2
Fe = (where m = mass , v = velocity , r = radius)
r
we have to check whether it is correct or not.
Dimension of L.H.S is
[F] = [M1L1T -2]
Dimension of R.H.S is

[m] [ v 2 ] [M] [LT -1 ] 2

= = [M1L1T – 2]
[r ] [L]
So this eqn. is at least dimensional correct.

 we can say that this equation may be correct.

Example 5.
Check whether this equation may be correct or not
Pressure

3 FV 2
Solution : Pr = (where F = force , V = velocity , t = time , x = distance)
2 t 2 x
Dimension of L.H.S = [Pr] = M1L– 1T – 2

[3] [F] [v 2 ] [M1L1T -2 ] [L2 T -2 ]

Dimension of R.H.S = = = M1L 2T – 6
[ ] [t 2 ] [x] [T 2 ] [L]
Dimension of L.H.S and R.H.S are not same. So the relation cannot be correct.
Sometimes a question is asked which is beyond our syllabus, then certainly it must be the
question of dimensional analyses.

Example 6.
A Boomerang has mass m surface Area A, radius of curva-
ture of lower surface = r and it is moving with velocity V in air
of density . The resistive force on it should be –

2VA  m  2V 2 A  A 
(A) log   (B) log  
r 2
 Ar  r  m 

 Ar  2V 2 A  Ar 

(C) 2V2A log   (D) log  
 m  r 2  m 
Solution : Only C is dimensionally correct.



If a quantity depends on many parameters, we can estimate, to what extent, the quantity
depends on the given parameters !

Page # 9
Example 7.

Time period of a simple pendulum can depend on

So we can say that expression of T should be in this form

T = (Some Number) (m)a ()b(g)c
M0L0T 1 = (1) [M1]a [L1]b [L1T–2]c
M0L0T 1 = Ma Lb+c T – 2c
Comparing the powers of M,L and T,

1 1
get a = 0 , b + c = 0, – 2c = 1  so a = 0 , b = , c =
2 2


 so T = (some Number) M0 L1/2 g– 1/2  T = (Some Number) g

The quantity “Some number” can be found experimentally. Measure the length of a pendulum and
oscillate it, find its time period by stopwatch.
Suppose for  = 1m, we get T = 2 sec. so
1
2 = (Some Number)  “Some number” = 6.28  2.
9 .8
Example 8.
Natural frequency (f) of a closed pipe

So we can say that f = (some Number) () a ()b (P)c

Equating dimensions of both the sides get
a = – 1 , b = - 1/2 , c = 1/2

1 P
So f = (some number)
 




Page # 10
Example 9. If velocity (V), force (F) and time (T) are chosen as
fundamental quantities , express (i) mass and (ii) energy in terms of V,F and T
Solution : Let M = (some Number) (V) a (F)b (T) c
Equating dimensions of both the sides
M1L0T 0 = (1) [L1T –1]a [M1L1T -2
] [T 1]c
MLT
1 0 0
=M b
L a+b
T – a – 2b + c

get a = – 1, b = 1, c = 1
M = (Some Number) (V–1 F 1 T 1)  [M] = [V–1 F 1 T 1]
Similarly we can also express energy in terms of V , F , T
Let [E] = [some Number] [V]a [F]b [T]c
 [MLT –2] = [MºLºTº] [LT –1]a [MLT –2]b [T]c

 [M1L1T –2] = [Mb La – 2 b + c T –a – 2b + c]

 1 = b; 1 = a – 2b + c; – 2 = –a – 2b + c

get a =1 ; b = 1 ; c = 1

 E = (some Number) V1F1T1 or [E] = [V1][F 1][T 1].




Example 10.
[Force] = [M1L1T –2]
As unit of M is kilogram (kg) , unit of L is meter (m) and unit of T is second (s)
so unit force can be written as = (kg)1 (m)1 (s)– 2 = kg m/s in MKS system.
In CGS system, unit of force can be written as = (g)1 (cm)1 (s)–1 = g cm/s .


From Dimensional analysis we get T = (Some Number) g
so the expression of T can be

 
T =2 g T = g sin (.....)

or or

 
T = 50 g T = g log (......)

or or

 
T = 2 g T = g + (t0)

Page # 11
  Dimensional analysis doesn’t give information about the “some Number” :The dimensional con-
stant.
 This method is useful only when a physical quantity depends on other quantities by multipli-
cation and power relations.
(i.e., f = xa yb zc)
It fails if a physical quantity depends on sum or difference of two quantities
(i.e.f = x + y – z)
i.e., we cannot get the relation
1 2
S = ut + at from dimensional analysis.
2
 This method will not work if a quantity depends on another quantity as sine or cosine
,logarithmic or exponential relation. The method works only if the dependence is by power
functions.
 We equate the powers of M,L and T hence we get only three equations. So we can have only
three variable (only three dependent quantities)
So dimensional analysis will work only if the quantity depends only on three parameters, not
more than that.

Example 11. Can Pressure (P), density () and velocity (v) be taken as fundamental quantities ?
Solution :
P, and v are not independent, they can be related as P = v2 ,so they cannot be taken as
fundamental variables.
To check whether the ‘P’ , ‘’ , and ‘V’ are dependent or not, we can also use the following
mathematical method :
[P] = [M1L-1T -2]
[] = [M1L-3 T 0]
[V] = [M0L1T -1]

Check the determinates of their powers : = 1 (3) – (–1)(–1) – 2 (1) = 0,

So these three terms are dependent.


Measurement of any physical quantity is expressed in terms of an internationally accepted
certain basic standard called unit.


In 1971 , an international Organization “CGPM” : (General Conference on weight and Measure)
decided the standard units, which are internationally accepted. These units are called SI units
(International system of units)

Page # 12
 S Units
Base Quantity
Name Symbol Definition

The meter is the length of the path traveled by light in

Length meter m vacuum during a time interval of 1/299, 792, 458 of a second
(1983)

The kilogram is equal to the mass of the international

prototype of the kilogram (a platinum-iridium alloy cylinder)
Mass kilogram kg
kept at International Bureau of Weights and Measures, at
Sevres, near Paris, France. (1889)
The second is the duration of 9, 192, 631, 770 periods of the
radiation corresponding to the transition between the two
Time second s
hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium-133 atom
(1967)

The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in

two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible
Electric Current ampere A circular cross-section, and placed 1 metre apart in vacuum,
would produce between these conductors a force equal to
2 x 10-7 Newton per metre of length. (1948)

Thermodynamic The kelvin, is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic

kelvin K
Temperature temperature of the triple point of water. (1967)

The mole is the amount of substance of a system, which

Amount of
mole mol contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in
Substance
0.012 kilogram of carbon-12. (1971)

The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of

Luminous a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency
candela Cd
Intensity 540 x 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that
direction of 1/683 watt per steradian (1979).

 Plane angle – Unit = radian (rad)

 Solid angle – Unit = Steradian (sr)

If a quality involves only length, mass and time

(quantities in mechanics), then its unit can
be written in MKS, CGS or FPS system.


In this system Length, mass and time are expressed in meter, kg and sec. respectively. It
comes under SI system.


In this system ,Length, mass and time are expressed in cm, gram and sec. respectively.


In this system, length, mass and time are measured in foot, pound and sec. respectively.

Page # 13
 displacement  meter
 Velocity =
time  second
So unit of velocity will be m/s

change in velocity m/s m

 Acceleration = = = 2
time s s

 Momentum = mV
so unit of momentum will be = (kg) (m/s) = kg m/s
 Force = ma
Unit will be = (kg) × (m/s2) = kg m/s2 called newton (N)
 Work = FS
unit = (N) × (m) = N m called joule (J)

work
 Power =
time
Unit = J / s called watt (w)

 Unit of “Universal Gravitational Constant” (G)

G(m1 )(m 2 ) kg  m G(kg)(kg)

F = 2  2 =
r s m2

m3
so unit of G =
kg s 2

 Unit of specific heat capacity (S) :

Q = ms T
J = (kg) (S) (K)

Units of S = J / kg K

 Unit of 0 :

F 0 i1 i 2
force per unit length between two long parallel wires is: =
 4 r2

N  0 ( A ) (A) N.m
= Unit of 0 =
m (1) (m 2 ) A2


Suppose distance between kota to Jaipur is 3000 m. so

d = 3000 m = 3 × 1000 m

kilo(k)
= 3 km (here ‘k’ is the prefix used for 1000 (103))
Suppose thickness of a wire is 0.05 m
d = 0.05 m = 5 × 10-2 m

centi(c)
= 5 cm (here ‘c’ is the prefix used for (10–2))

Page # 14
 Similarly, the magnitude of physical quantities very over a wide range. So in order to express the
very large magnitude as well as very small magnitude more compactly, “CGPM” recommended some
standard prefixes for certain power of 10.

Power of 10 Prefix Symbol Power of 10 Prefix Symbol

1018 exa E 101 deci d

10 15 peta P 102 centi c
12 tera T 3 milli m
10 10
6
10 9 giga G 10 micro 
6 mega M 9 nano n
10 10
3 kilo k 12 pico p
10 10
2 hecto h 15 femto f
10 10
1 deca da 18 atto a
10 10

Example 12.
Convert all in meters (m) :
(i) 5 m. (ii) 3 km (iii) 20 mm (iv) 73 pm (v) 7.5 nm
Solution :
(i) 5 m = 5 × 10 – 6m
(ii) 3 km = 3 × 103 m
(iii) 20 mm = 20 × 10 –3m
(iv) 73 pm = 73 ×10–12 m
(v) 7.5 nm =7.5 × 10 – 9 m
Example 13.
F = 5 N convert it into CGS system
Solution :
kg  m
F = 5
s2

(10 3 g)(100 cm)

= (5)
s2

g cm
= 5 × 10 5 (in CGS system).
s3

g cm
This unit ( ) is also called dyne
s3

Example 14.
kg m 3
G = 6.67 × 10 – 11
convert it into CGS system.
s2
Solution :

kg m 3
G = 6.67 × 10 – 11
s2

(100 cm)3 g cm 3
= (6.67×10 ) (1000 g)
–11
= 6.67 × 10 – 2
s2 s2

Page # 15
Example 15.
 = 2 g/cm 3
convert it into MKS system
Solution :
 = 2 g/cm 3

10 3 kg
= (2)
(10 -2 m)3

kg
= 2 × 103 m3

Example 16.
V = 90 km / hour
convert it into m/s
Solution :
V = 90 km / hour

(1000 m)
= (90)
(60  60 second)

 1000  m
V = (90)  
 3600  s

5 m
V = 90 ×
18 s
V = 25 m/s

km m
To convert into ,
hour sec

5
multiply by .
18

Example 17.
Convert 7 pm into m
Sol.
Let 7 pm = (x) m
7 × (10– 12) m = (x) x 10– 6 m
get x = 7 × 10 –6
So 7 pm = (7×10 – 6)m
Some SI units of derived quantities are named after the scientist, who has contributed in that
field a lot

Page # 16


SI Units
S.N Physical Quantity Symbol of the Expression in terms Expression in terms
Unit name
unit of other units of base units

Frequency
Oscillation -1
1. 1 hertz Hz s
(f = ) s
T

Force
2. Newton N ----- Kg m / s2
(F = ma)

Energy, Work, Heat 2 2

3. Joule J Nm Kg m / s
(W = Fs)

Pressure, stress
2 2
4. F Pascal Pa N/m Kg / m s
(P = )
A

Power,
2 3
5. W watt W J/s Kg m / s
(Power = )
t

Electric charge
6. coulomb C ------ As
(q = it)

Electric Potential
Emf. 3 3
7. U volt V J/C Kg m / s A
(V = )
q

Capacitance 4 -1
A s kg
8. q Farad F C/V -2
(C = ) m
v

2 -3
Electrical Resistance kg m s
9. ohm  V/A -2
(V = i R) A

Electrical
Conductance Siemens  -1 -2 3 2
10. S, A/V kg m s A
1 i (mho)
(C = = )
R V

11. 2 -2 -1
Magnetic field Tesla T Wb / m kg s A

kg m2 s –2
12. Magnetic flux Weber Wb V s or J/A -1
A
2 -2
kg m s
13. Inductance Henry H Wb / A -2
A

Activity of Di sin tegration -1

14. Becquerel Bq s
radioactive material sec ond

Page # 17
 SI Units
Physical Quantity In terms of special
In terms of base units
names

2 2
Torque (  = Fr) Nm Kg m / s

Dynamic Viscosity
dv Poiseiulles (P  ) or Pa
Kg / m s
(Fv = q A ) s
dr

Impulse (J = F  t) Ns Kg m / s

Modulus of elasticity
2 2
stress N/m Kg / m s
(Y = )
strain

Surface Tension Constant

2 2
F N/m or J/m Kg / s
(T = )


J/kg K
Specific Heat capacity cal 2 -2 -1
(old unit s ) m s K
(Q = ms  T)
g. º C

Thermal conductivity
-3 -1
dQ dT W/mK m kg s K
( = KA )
dt dr

F -3 -1
Electric field Intensity E = V/m or N/C m kg s A
q

Gas constant (R) (PV = nRT) or

molar Heat Capacity 2 -2 -1 -1
J / K mol m kg s k mol
Q
(C = )
MT


Suppose we have

If we convert 7
 = 7 cm  = m
it into meters, we get 100

we can say that if the unit is increased to 100 times (cm  m),
the numerical value became

1  7 
times  7  
100  100 

Page # 18
 So we can say

1
Numerical value 
unit

we can also tell if in a formal way like the following :–

Magnitude of a physical quantity = (Its Numerical value) (unit)

= (n) (u)

Magnitude of a physical quantity always remains constant ,it

wont change if we express it in some other unit.
So

1
or Numerical value 
unit

Example 18.
If unit of length is doubled, the numerical value of Area will be ................
Solution :
As unit of length is doubled, unit of Area will become four times. So the numerical value of Area will

1
became one fourth. Because numerical value  ,
unit

Example 19.
Force acting on a particle is 5N.If unit of length and time are doubled and unit of mass is halved than
the numerical value of the force in the new unit will be.
Solution :

kg  m
Force = 5
sec 2

If unit of length and time are doubled and the unit of mass is halved.

1 
 2
Then the unit of force will be 
2  = 1 times
 ( 2) 2  4
 
 

Hence the numerical value of the force will be 4 times.

DIMENSIONS BY SOME STANDARD FORMULAE :

In many cases, dimensions of some standard expression are asked
i.e. find the dimension of (µ0 0)
for this we can find dimensions of µ0 and  0, and multiply them, but it will be very lengthy process.
Instead of this, we should just search a formula, where this term (µ0 0 ) comes.
1
It comes in c = (where c = speed of light)
µ0  0

Page # 19
 1
 µ0 0 =
c2

1 1
[µ0 0] = = = L–2 T 2
c 2
(L / T )2

Example 20. Find the dimensions of

(i) 0E2 ( 0 = permitivity in vaccum , E = electric field)

B2
(ii) (B = Magnetic field , µ 0 = magnetic permeability)
µ0

1
(iii) (L = Inductance , C = Capacitance)
LC

(iv) RC (R = Resistance , C = Capacitance)

L
(v) (R = Resistance , L = Inductance)
R

E
(vi) (E = Electric field , B = Magnetic field)
B
(vii) G0 (G = Universal Gravitational constant ,  0 = permitivity in vaccum)

e
(viii)  (e = Electrical flux ; m = Magnetic flux)
m

1
Sol. (i) Energy density =  E2
2 0
[Energy density] = [ 0E2]

[energy ] M1L2 T 2
= = = M1L-1T –2
[ volume] L3

1
(ii)  B2 = Magnetic energy density
2 0

1 2
 2  0B  = [Magnetic Energy density]
 

[energy ] M1L2 T 2
= = = M1L-1T –2
[ volume] L3

1
(iii) = angular frequency of L – C oscillatran
LC

 1  1
  = [] = = T –1
 LC  T

(iv) RC = Time constant of RC circuit

[RC] = [time] = T 1

Page # 20
 L
(v) = Time constant of L – R circuit
R

L 
 R  = [time] = T 1
 

(vi) F m = qVB , F e = qE

[qVB] = [qE]

E 
 B  = [V] = LT
T –1
 

Gm 2 1 q2
(vii) fg = , Fe =
r2 4 0 r 2

 GM2   1 q2 
 2  =  2 
 r   4 0 r 

q2 (it )2
[G 0] = 2 = = A2T 2M–2
m m2

  e   ES   E 
(viii)   =  BS  =   = [v] = LT
T –1
 m    B 

Page # 21