SQL MCQ’S

Top 100 SQL MCQ Questions and Answers

Q 1. What does SQL stand for?
 Structured Question Language
 Structured Query Language
 Simple Query Language
 Standard Query Logic

Q 2. Which of the following is NOT a SQL command?

 SELECT
 INSERT
 CREATE DATABASE TABLE
 UPDATE

Q 3. Which SQL clause is used to filter the results of a

query?
 ORDER BY
 WHERE
 GROUP BY
 HAVING

Read More: SQL WHERE Clause Explained: Filter Data with Precision

Q 4. How do you select all columns from a table named

"employees"?
 SELECT all FROM employees;
 SELECT employees FROM *;
 SELECT * FROM employees;
 SELECT * employees;
Q 5. Which function is used to find the maximum value
in SQL?
 AVG()
 MAX()
 MIN()
 SUM()

Q 6. What is the purpose of the PRIMARY KEY?

 To link two tables
 To uniquely identify each row
 To store null values
 To enforce constraints

Read More: Differences between Primary Key and Foreign Key

Q 7. Which SQL keyword is used to sort the result-set?

 SORT
 ORDER BY
 GROUP BY
 FILTER

Q 8. What is the correct syntax to insert a new record

into a table?
 INSERT TABLE employees VALUES (‘John’, 30);
 INSERT INTO employees (‘John’, 30);
 INSERT INTO employees VALUES (‘John’, 30);
 INSERT employees INTO (‘John’, 30);

Q 9. Which operator checks for a NULL value?

 == NULL
 NULL IS
  IS NULL
 EQUALS NULL

Q 10. How do you update a column value in SQL?

 MODIFY TABLE employees SET age=31;
 UPDATE employees SET age=31 WHERE id=1;
 CHANGE employees SET age=31;
 ALTER employees age=31;

Q 11. What does the COUNT() function return?

 Sum of column values
 Number of rows
 Average value
 Highest value

Q 12. Which clause is used with aggregate functions to

group rows?
 WHERE
 GROUP BY
 ORDER BY
 HAVING

Q 13. What is a FOREIGN KEY?

 A unique identifier for each row
 A key that references a primary key in another table
 A mandatory column
 A table constraint

Q 14. How do you remove duplicates from a query

result?
 REMOVE DUPLICATES
 DELETE DUPLICATE
 SELECT DISTINCT
  SELECT UNIQUE

Q 15. What does the SQL JOIN clause do?

 Combines two or more databases
 Combines rows from two or more tables
 Deletes rows from tables
 Groups records

Read More: Different Types of SQL Joins

Q 16. Which JOIN returns all records from both tables,

matching where possible?
 INNER JOIN
 LEFT JOIN
 FULL JOIN
 CROSS JOIN

Read More: Full Outer Join in SQL: A Comprehensive Guide

Q 17. How do you delete a table in SQL?

 DELETE TABLE table_name;
 DROP DATABASE table_name;
 DROP TABLE table_name;
 REMOVE TABLE table_name;

Q 18. Which SQL keyword prevents duplicate rows in a

result?
 UNIQUE
 DISTINCT
 SELECT DISTINCT
 REMOVE DUPLICATES
Q 19. What is the default sorting order in SQL?
 Descending
 Ascending
 Random
 Alphabetical

Q 20. Which SQL command is used to create a new

table?
 ADD TABLE
 INSERT TABLE
 CREATE TABLE
 NEW TABLE

Read More: What are the 5 Basic SQL Commands?

Q 21. How do you fetch the first 10 rows from a table?

 SELECT 10 FROM table_name;
 SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE ROWNUM < 10;
 SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT 10;
 SELECT TOP 10 *;

Q 22. Which function returns the current date in SQL?

 CURRDATE()
 DATE()
 CURRENT_DATE()
 NOW()

Q 23. What does the LIKE operator do?

 Compares two tables
 Filters rows based on a pattern
 Checks for NULL values
 Joins rows
Q 24. How do you rename a table?
 ALTER TABLE old_name RENAME TO new_name;
 RENAME TABLE old_name TO new_name;
 ALTER TABLE old_name RENAME TO new_name;
 UPDATE TABLE old_name;

Q 25. Which function calculates the total sum of a

column?
 AVG()
 MAX()
 SUM()
 COUNT()

Q 26. Which SQL clause is used to filter group rows?

 WHERE
 HAVING
 ORDER BY
 GROUP BY

Q 27. How do you add a new column to an existing

table?
 ADD COLUMN table_name;
 ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;
 UPDATE COLUMN table_name;
 INSERT COLUMN table_name;

Q 28. Which command is used to remove a row in a

table?
 REMOVE ROW table_name;
 DELETE ROW table_name;
 DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;
 DROP ROW table_name;
Q 29. What does the DISTINCT keyword do in SQL?
 Filters rows
 Returns unique values
 Removes duplicate values from result set
 Orders results

Q 30. Which SQL function is used to return the current

time?
 NOW()
 CURRENT_TIME()
 TIME()
 CLOCK()

Q 31. What is the result of a LEFT JOIN?

 Returns all rows from the right table
 Returns matching rows from both tables
 Returns all rows from the left table, matching rows from the right table
 Returns non-matching rows from both tables

Q 32. Which of the following is true about an INNER

JOIN?
 It returns rows where there is no match between the tables
 It returns rows when there is a match between the tables
 It returns all rows from both tables
 It returns only rows from the left table

Q 33. Which command is used to change an existing

column's datatype in SQL?
 UPDATE COLUMN datatype;
 ALTER COLUMN datatype;
 ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY column_name new_datatype;
 CHANGE COLUMN datatype;
Q 34. Which operator is used to compare a value to a
specified range of values?
 IN
 BETWEEN
 LIKE
 IS

Q 35. What does the "IS NOT NULL" condition do?

 Checks if the column value is empty
 Checks if the column value is not NULL
 Checks if the column value is NULL
 Checks if the column is not updated

Q 36. How do you create an index on a table in SQL?

 INDEX table_name;
 CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name(column_name);
 CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name(column_name);
 ALTER TABLE table_name ADD INDEX;

Q 37. Which SQL statement is used to retrieve unique

records from a table?
 SELECT ALL
 SELECT DISTINCT
 SELECT DISTINCT
 SELECT NO_DUPLICATES

Q 38. How do you specify the order of rows in SQL?

 WITH ORDER BY
 ORDER BY column_name
 ORDER COLUMN
 ARRANGE BY column_name

Q 39. What is the result of an OUTER JOIN?

  It returns only matching rows
 It returns all rows from both tables
 It returns all rows from one table and matching rows from the other table
 It returns only non-matching rows

Read More: Understanding Outer Join in SQL

Q 40. What is a subquery in SQL?

 A query that uses another query inside it
 A query that is nested inside another query
 A query with no conditions
 A query with multiple joins

Q 41. Which clause is used to remove duplicates after

grouping?
 HAVING
 DISTINCT
 GROUP BY
 WHERE

Q 42. Which of the following keywords is used for

pattern matching?
 LIKE
 LIKE
 PATTERN
 SEARCH

Q 43. How can you list all tables in a SQL database?

 SHOW ALL TABLES;
 SHOW TABLES;
 SELECT TABLES;
 LIST TABLES;
Q 44. How do you combine two results sets from
different queries in SQL?
 UNION ALL
 UNION
 JOIN
 APPEND

Q 45. What is the purpose of the SQL GROUP BY

clause?
 Groups rows that have the same values
 Groups rows together based on column values
 Sorts rows by column values
 Combines tables based on common columns

Q 46. What is an alias in SQL?

 Shortened form of a table name
 Temporary name for a table or column
 Permanent name for a column
 Abbreviated SQL statement

Q 47. Which SQL function returns the length of a string?

 LENGTH()
 LEN()
 COUNT()
 STRING_LENGTH()

Q 48. How do you insert multiple rows into a table in

SQL?
 INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1), (value2);
 INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1);
 INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (value1,
value2), (value3, value4);
  INSERT MULTIPLE INTO table_name;

Q 49. What is the default value of a column if not

specified?
 NULL
 NULL
 0
 Empty string

Q 50. How do you delete all rows from a table without

deleting the table itself?
 DROP TABLE table_name;
 REMOVE FROM table_name;
 TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
 TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

Q 51. How do you return the current system date and

time in SQL?
 GETDATE()
 CURRENT_TIME()
 NOW()
 DATE()

Q 52. Which SQL statement is used to add a constraint

to a column?
 ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
 CREATE CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
 ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name
column_name;
 INSERT CONSTRAINT;

Q 53. Which SQL clause is used to combine rows from

two or more tables?
  CONCATENATE
 JOIN
 UNION
 MERGE

Q 54. What does the SQL IN operator do?

 Matches a value to a range
 Checks for pattern match
 Checks if a value exists within a set of values
 Checks for equality

Q 55. What is the default sorting order in an ORDER BY

clause?
 Descending
 Ascending
 Alphabetical
 Numerical

Q 56. Which SQL clause is used to filter the results of a

query based on the grouped data?
 GROUP BY
 ORDER BY
 HAVING
 HAVING

Q 57. Which SQL clause is used to group rows in a

SELECT statement?
 WHERE
 ORDER BY
 GROUP BY
 HAVING
Q 58. What is the purpose of the SQL ALTER
command?
 To delete a table
 To modify the structure of a database
 To modify the structure of an existing table
 To remove data from a table

Q 59. What is the correct SQL statement to get all

columns from a table named "products" where the price
is greater than 100?
 SELECT * FROM products WHERE price > 100;
 SELECT products WHERE price > 100;
 SELECT * FROM products WHERE price > 100;
 SELECT price FROM products WHERE price > 100;

Q 60. Which command is used to change the value of

an existing row in SQL?
 MODIFY
 CHANGE
 UPDATE
 ALTER

Q 61. How do you remove a column from a table in

SQL?
 DELETE COLUMN column_name;
 ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name;
 REMOVE COLUMN column_name;
 DROP COLUMN table_name;

Q 62. What is the correct syntax for using the SQL

UNION operator?
 SELECT column FROM table1 UNION SELECT column FROM table2;
  SELECT * FROM table1 UNION SELECT * FROM table2;
 SELECT column1 FROM table1 UNION SELECT column2 FROM
table2;
 JOIN SELECT table1 UNION table2;

Q 63. What is a subquery in SQL?

 A query that runs independently
 Query that retrieves only one column
 A query that is nested inside another query
 Query that joins two tables

Q 64. What SQL clause is used to restrict the number of

rows returned by a query?
 TOP
 LIMIT
 LIMIT
 OFFSET

Q 65. How do you delete all rows from a table without

removing the table structure?
 DELETE TABLE table_name;
 TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
 TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
 DROP TABLE table_name;

Q 66. Which of the following SQL statements is used to

create a new table?
 INSERT INTO
 NEW TABLE
 CREATE TABLE
 ALTER TABLE
Q 67. What SQL keyword is used to prevent duplicate
rows from appearing in a result?
 UNIQUE
 FILTER
 DISTINCT
 REMOVE

Q 68. How do you retrieve the highest value from a

column?
 MAX()
 MAX()
 SUM()
 AVG()

Q 69. Which of the following keywords is used to change

the value of an existing column?
 MODIFY
 ALTER
 UPDATE
 CHANGE

Q 70. Which of the following SQL statements is used to

combine the result sets of two queries?
 UNION
 JOIN
 INTERSECT
 CONCAT

Q 71. What SQL statement is used to delete data from a

table?
 REMOVE
 DELETE
  DROP
 REMOVE ROW

Q 72. How do you find the number of rows in a table?

 COUNT(*)
 COUNT()
 SIZE()
 NUM()

Q 73. What is the correct syntax to update a record in a

table?
 UPDATE table_name SET column_name = value;
 SET table_name column_name = value;
 UPDATE table_name SET column_name = value WHERE condition;
 CHANGE table_name SET column_name = value;

Q 74. Which SQL clause is used to sort the result set in

ascending or descending order?
 ORDER BY
 GROUP BY
 ORDER BY
 SORT

Q 75. What keyword is used to create a new database in

SQL?
 CREATE DATABASE
 CREATE DATABASE
 NEW DATABASE
 MAKE DATABASE

Q 76. Which of the following is not a valid SQL data

type?
 VARCHAR
  STRING
 INT
 FLOAT

Q 77. How can you combine two tables in SQL based on

a related column?
 JOIN
 UNION
 JOIN
 MATCH

Q 78. Which of the following is used to define a primary

key in SQL?
 PRIMARY
 PRIMARY KEY
 KEY
 UNIQUE

Q 79. What does SQL SELECT DISTINCT do?

 Removes all rows from the result
 Removes duplicate rows from the result
 Sorts the result
 Displays all columns

Q 80. Which function is used to calculate the sum of a

column?
 SUM()
 COUNT()
 SUM()
 TOTAL()

Q 81. What is the purpose of the SQL HAVING clause?

 To filter rows before grouping
  To define the structure of a group
 To filter groups after grouping
 To filter rows

Q 82. What is the correct syntax for a CASE expression

in SQL?
 SELECT CASE WHEN condition THEN result;
 CASE WHEN condition THEN result ELSE alternative;
 CASE WHEN condition THEN result ELSE alternative END;
 IF condition THEN result ELSE alternative;

Read More: SQL HAVING Clause Explained: Filter Your Data Like a Pro

Q 83. How can you retrieve all columns from the

"employees" table in SQL?
 SELECT * FROM employees;
 SELECT * FROM employees;
 SHOW COLUMNS FROM employees;
 SELECT all FROM employees;

Q 84. How can you create an index on a table column?

 CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name;
 CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name);
 CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name);
 INDEX table_name (column_name);

Q 85. How do you remove a table from a database?

 REMOVE TABLE table_name;
 DELETE TABLE table_name;
 DROP TABLE table_name;
 DROP TABLE table_name;
Q 86. What does SQL LIKE operator do?
 Matches exactly
 Matches within a range
 Matches patterns in a column
 Matches numbers

Q 87. What does the COUNT() function do?

 Counts the distinct rows
 Counts the number of rows
 Counts the columns
 Counts the sum of rows

Q 88. Which SQL function is used to return the current

date in a query?
 GETDATE()
 NOW()
 CURRENT_DATE()
 DATE()

Q 89. Which of the following SQL clauses is used to

combine two SELECT queries?
 JOIN
 UNION
 UNION
 INTERSECT

Q 90. What is the use of SQL GROUP BY clause?

 To filter data
 To sort data
 To group rows that have the same values
 To limit the data
Q 91. Which keyword is used to sort the result set in
descending order?
 ORDER BY DESC
 DESCENDING
 ORDER BY column DESC
 ORDER DESC

Q 92. How do you create a new user in SQL?

 CREATE USER user_name;
 CREATE USER user_name WITH PASSWORD;
 NEW USER user_name;
 ADD USER user_name;

Q 93. What does the SQL INNER JOIN clause do?

 Returns matching rows from both tables
 Returns only rows that have matching values in both tables
 Returns all rows from both tables
 Returns all rows from the first table

Q 94. How can you ensure that a column contains only

unique values in SQL?
 UNIQUE constraint
 PRIMARY KEY constraint
 UNIQUE constraint
 NOT NULL constraint

Q 95. What is the purpose of the SQL EXISTS operator?

 Checks if a column exists
 Returns true if subquery returns any result
 Returns true if a subquery returns any rows
 Filters results

Q 96. What does the SQL NOT operator do?

  Negates a condition
 Negates a condition
 Changes the value
 Filters the rows

Q 97. What is a foreign key in SQL?

 Unique identifier for a table
 A column in one table that refers to the primary key of another table
 Key used for indexing
 The column that is automatically generated

Q 98. What does the SQL LIMIT clause do?

 Limits the number of rows returned
 Limits the number of rows returned
 Restricts the column selection
 Defines the maximum number of columns

Q 99. How do you rename a table in SQL?

 RENAME TABLE table_name TO new_table_name;
 ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;
 CHANGE TABLE table_name TO new_table_name;
 MODIFY TABLE table_name TO new_table_name;

Q 100. How do you create a backup of a database in

SQL?
 BACKUP DATABASE
 CREATE DATABASE BACKUP
 BACKUP DATABASE database_name TO 'file_path';
 COPY DATABASE