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Python Revision Tour : 1

Type A: Application Based Questions

Question 1

What are tokens in Python? How many types of tokens are allowed in Python?
Exemplify your answer.
The smallest individual unit in a program is known as a Token. Python has following
tokens:

1. Keywords — Examples are import, for, in, while, etc.

2. Identifiers — Examples are MyFile, _DS, DATE_9_7_77, etc.
3. Literals — Examples are "abc", 5, 28.5, etc.
4. Operators — Examples are +, -, >, or, etc.
5. Punctuators — ' " # () etc.

Question 2

How are keywords different from identifiers?

Keywords are reserved words carrying special meaning and purpose to the language
compiler/interpreter. For example, if, elif, etc. are keywords. Identifiers are user
defined names for different parts of the program like variables, objects, classes,
functions, etc. Identifiers are not reserved. They can have letters, digits and
underscore. They must begin with either a letter or underscore. For example, _chk,
chess, trail, etc.

Question 3

What are literals in Python? How many types of literals are allowed in Python?
Literals are data items that have a fixed value. The different types of literals allowed
in Python are:

1. String literals
2. Numeric literals
3. Boolean literals
4. Special literal None
5. Literal collections
Question 4

State True or False : "Variable declaration is implicit in Python."

Answer
True.
Reason — In Python, variable declaration is implicit. This means that we don't need
to explicitly declare the data type of a variable before using it. The type of a variable
is determined dynamically at runtime based on the assigned value. For example:
x = 5 # x is implicitly declared as an integer
name = "Ravi" # name is implicitly declared as a string

Question 5

Out of the following, find those identifiers, which cannot be used for naming
Variables or Functions in a Python program:

 Price*Qty
 class
 For
 do
 4thCol
 totally
 Row31
 _Amount

Answer

Price*Qty ⇒ Contains special character *

class ⇒ It is a keyword


4thCol ⇒ Begins with a digit



Question 6

Find the invalid identifier from the following :

1. MyName
2. True
3. 2ndName
4. My_Name
The invalid identifier are:

2ndName ⇒ Begins with a digit

True ⇒ It is a keyword

Question 7

Which of the following is an invalid datatype in Python ?

1. Set
2. None
3. Integer
4. Real

Real
Reason — Real is not a standard built-in data type in Python.

Question 8

Identify the valid arithmetic operator in Python from the following:

1. ?
2. <
3. **
4. and

**
Reason — Let's go through each option and see if its valid arithmetic operator or
not:

1. ? — The question mark is not a valid arithmetic operator in Python.

2. < — It is a relational operator.
3. ** — It is an arithmetic operator.
4. and — It is a logical operator.

Question 9

How are floating constants represented in Python? Give examples to support your
answer.
Answer
Floating constants are represented in Python in two forms — Fractional Form and
Exponent form. Examples:

1. Fractional Form — 2.0, 17.5, -13.0, -0.00625

2. Exponent form — 152E05, 1.52E07, 0.152E08, -0.172E-3

Question 10

How are string-literals represented and implemented in Python?

A string-literal is represented as a sequence of characters surrounded by quotes
(single, double or triple quotes). String-literals in Python are implemented using
Unicode.

Question 11

What are operators ? What is their function? Give examples of some unary and
binary operators.
Operators are tokens that trigger some computation/action when applied to variables
and other objects in an expression. Unary plus (+), Unary minus (-), Bitwise
complement (~), Logical negation (not) are a few examples of unary operators.
Examples of binary operators are Addition (+), Subtraction (-), Multiplication (*),
Division (/).

Question 12

Which of the following are valid operators in Python:

1. **
2. */
3. like
4. ||
5. is
6. ^
7. between
8. in

The valid operators are:

** ⇒ Exponentiation operator
is ⇒ Identity operator
^ ⇒ Bitwise XOR operator
in ⇒ Membership operator

Question 13
What is an expression and a statement?
An expression is any legal combination of symbols that represents a value. For
example, 2.9, a + 5, (3 + 5) / 4.
A statement is a programming instruction that does something i.e. some action takes
place. For example:
print("Hello")
a = 15
b = a - 10

Question 14

What all components can a Python program contain?

Answer
A Python program can contain various components like expressions, statements,
comments, functions, blocks and indentation.

Question 15

What are variables? How are they important for a program?

Answer
Variables are named labels whose values can be used and processed during
program run. Variables are important for a program because they enable a program
to process different sets of data.

Question 16

Consider the given expression: not True and False or True

Which of the following will be correct output if the given expression is evaluated?

1. True
2. False
3. None
4. Null

True
Reason — The 'not' operator has the highest precedence, followed by 'and', which
has precedence over 'or', and the evaluation proceeds from left to right.
not True and False or True
= False and False or True
= False or True
= True

Question 17

Describe the concepts of block and body. What is indentation and how is it related to
block and body?
A block in Python, represents a group of statements executed as a single unit.
Python uses indentation to create blocks of code. Statements at same indentation
level are part of same block/suite and constitute the body of the block.

Question 18(a)

What are data types? How are they important?

Data types are used to identify the type of data a memory location can hold and the
associated operations of handling it. The data that we deal with in our programs can
be of many types like character, integer, real number, string, boolean, etc. hence
programming languages including Python provide ways and facilities to handle all
these different types of data through data types. The data types define the
capabilities to handle a specific type of data such as memory space it allocates to
hold a certain type of data and the range of values supported for a given data type,
etc.

Question 18(b)

Write the names of any four data types available in Python.

The names of any four data types in Python are:

1. Integer
2. String
3. List
4. Tuple

Question 19

How many integer types are supported by Python? Name them.

Two integer types are supported by Python. They are:

1. Integers (signed)
2. Booleans

Question 20
What are immutable and mutable types? List immutable and mutable types of
Python.
Mutable types are those whose values can be changed in place whereas Immutable
types are those that can never change their value in place.
Mutable types in Python are:

1. Lists
2. Dictionaries
3. Sets

Immutable types in Python are:

1. Integers
2. Floating-Point numbers
3. Booleans
4. Strings
5. Tuples

Question 21

What is the difference between implicit type conversion and explicit type conversion?

Implicit Type Conversion Explicit Type Conversion

An implicit type conversion is

An explicit type conversion is user-
automatically performed by the compiler
defined conversion that forces an
when differing data types are intermixed in
expression to be of specific type.
an expression.

An explicit type conversion is

An implicit type conversion is performed
specified explicitly by the
without programmer's intervention.
programmer.

Example: Example:
a, b = 5, 25.5 a, b = 5, 25.5
c=a+b c = int(a + b)

Question 22

An immutable data type is one that cannot change after being created. Give three
reasons to use immutable data.
Three reasons to use immutable data types are:

1. Immutable data types increase the efficiency of the program as they are
quicker to access than mutable data types.
2. Immutable data types helps in efficient use of memory storage as different
variables containing the same value can point to the same memory location.
Immutability guarantees that contents of the memory location will not change.
3. Immutable data types are thread-safe so they make it easier to parallelize the
program through multi-threading.

Question 23

What is entry controlled loop? Which loop is entry controlled loop in Python?
An entry-controlled loop checks the condition at the time of entry. Only if the
condition is true, the program control enters the body of the loop. In Python, for and
while loops are entry-controlled loops.

Question 24

Explain the use of the pass statement. Illustrate it with an example.

The pass statement of Python is a do nothing statement i.e. empty statement or null
operation statement. It is useful in scenarios where syntax of the language requires
the presence of a statement but the logic of the program does not. For example,
for i in range(10):
if i == 2:
pass
else:
print("i =", i)

Question 25

Rewrite the adjacent code in python after removing all syntax error(s). Underline
each correction done in the code.
30 = To
for K in range(0,To)
IF k%4 == 0:
print(K * 4)
Else:
print(K+3).

The corrected code is shown below:

To = 30 # Correction 1
for K in range(0,To): # Correction 2
if K % 4 == 0: # Correction 3
print(K * 4)
 else: # Correction 4
print(K+3) # Correction 5

Explanation
Correction 1 — Variable should be on left side and literals should be on right side.
Correction 2 — Semi-colon was missing in the for loop syntax.
Correction 3 — if statement should be in lower case.
Correction 4 — else statement should be in lower case.
Correction 5 — Full stop should not be there at the end of print function.

Question 26

Below are seven segments of code, each with a part coloured. Indicate the data type
of each coloured part by choosing the correct type of data from the following type.
(a) int
(b) float
(c) bool
(d) str
(e) function
(f) list of int
(g) list of str
(i)
if temp < 32 :
print ("Freezing")

(ii)
L = ['Hiya', 'Zoya', 'Preet']
print(L[1])

(iii)
M = []
for i in range (3) :
M.append(i)
print(M)

(iv)
L = ['Hiya', 'Zoya', 'Preet']
n = len(L)
if 'Donald' in L[1 : n] :
print(L)
(v)
if n % 2 == 0 :
print("Freezing")

(vi)
L = inputline.split()
while L != ( ) :
print(L)
L = L[1 :]

(vii)
L = ['Hiya', 'Zoya', 'Preet']
print(L[0] + L[1])

Answer
(i) bool
(ii) str
(iii) list of int
(iv) int
(v) bool
(vi) list of str
(vii) str

Question 27

Write the output of the following Python code:

for i in range(2,7,2):
print(i*'$')

Answer

Output
$$
$$$$
$$$$$$

Explanation

range(2,7,2) returns [2, 4, 6] as it defines a range of 2 to 6 with a step of 2. The loop

iterates as below:

 For i = 2, it prints $$.

 For i = 4, it prints $$$$.
 For i = 6, it prints $$$$$$.
 Type B: Application Based Questions

Question 1

Fill in the missing lines of code in the following code. The code reads in a limit
amount and a list of prices and prints the largest price that is less than the limit. You
can assume that all prices and the limit are positive numbers. When a price 0 is
entered the program terminates and prints the largest price that is less than the limit.
#Read the limit
limit = float(input("Enter the limit"))
max_price = 0
# Read the next price
next_price = float(input("Enter a price or 0 to stop:"))
while next_price > 0 :
<write your code here>
#Read the next price
<write your code here>
if max_price > 0:
<write your code here>
else :
<write your code here>
Answer
#Read the limit
limit = float(input("Enter the limit"))
max_price = 0
# Read the next price
next_price = float(input("Enter a price or 0 to stop:"))
while next_price > 0 :
if next_price < limit and next_price > max_price:
max_price = next_price
#Read the next price
next_price = float(input("Enter a price or 0 to stop:"))
if max_price > 0:
print("Largest Price =", max_price)
else :
print("Prices exceed limit of", limit);

Question 2a

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

count = 0
while count < 10:
print ("Hello")
count += 1
Answer

Output
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello

Question 2b

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x = 10
y = 0
while x > y:
print (x, y)
x = x - 1
y = y + 1
Answer

Output
10 0
9 1
8 2
7 3
6 4

Explanation

x y Output Remarks

10 0 10 0 1st Iteration

10 0
9 1 2nd Iteration
91

10 0
8 2 91 3rd Iteration
82

7 3 10 0 4th Iteration
91
 x y Output Remarks

82
73

10 0
91
6 4 82 5th Iteration
73
64

Question 2c

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

keepgoing = True
x=100
while keepgoing :
print (x)
x = x - 10
if x < 50 :
keepgoing = False
Answer

Output
100
90
80
70
60
50

Explanation

Inside while loop, the line x = x - 10 is decreasing x by 10 so after 5 iterations of

while loop x will become 40. When x becomes 40, the condition if x < 50 becomes
true so keepgoing is set to False due to which the while loop stops iterating.

Question 2d

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x = 45
while x < 50 :
print (x)
Answer
This is an endless (infinite) loop that will keep printing 45 continuously.
As the loop control variable x is not updated inside the loop neither there is any
break statement inside the loop so it becomes an infinite loop.

Question 2e

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for x in [1,2,3,4,5]:
print (x)
Answer

Output
1
2
3
4
5

Explanation

x will be assigned each of the values from the list one by one and that will get
printed.

Question 2f

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for p in range(1,10):
print (p)
Answer

Output
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Explanation
 will generate a sequence like this [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. p will be
range(1,10)
assigned each of the values from this sequence one by one and that will get printed.

Question 2g

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for z in range(-500, 500, 100):
print (z)
Answer

Output
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400

Explanation

generates a sequence of numbers from -500 to 400 with each

range(-500, 500, 100)
subsequent number incrementing by 100. Each number of this sequence is assigned
to z one by one and then z gets printed inside the for loop.

Question 2h

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x = 10
y = 5
for i in range(x-y * 2):
print (" % ", i)
Answer
This code generates No Output.

Explanation

The x-y * 2 in range(x-y * 2) is evaluated as below:

⇒ 10 - 5 * 2
x-y*2

⇒ 10 - 10 [∵ * has higher precedence than -]

⇒0
Thus range(x-y * 2) is equivalent to range(0) which returns an empty sequence — [ ].

Question 2i

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

c = 0
for x in range(10):
for y in range(5):
c += 1
print (c)
Answer

Output
50

Explanation

Outer loop executes 10 times. For each iteration of outer loop, inner loop executes 5
times. Thus, the statement c += 1 is executed 10 * 5 = 50 times. c is incremented by
1 in each execution so final value of c becomes 50.

Question 2j

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x = [1,2,3]
counter = 0
while counter < len(x):
print(x[counter] * '%')
for y in x:
print(y * '* ')
counter += 1
Answer

Output
%
*
* *
* * *
%%
*
* *
* * *
%%%
*
* *
* * *
Explanation

In this code, the for loop is nested inside the while loop. Outer while loop runs 3
times and prints % as per the elements in x in each iteration. For each iteration of
while loop, the inner for loop executes 3 times printing * as per the elements in x.

Question 2k

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for x in 'lamp':
print(str.upper(x))
Answer

Output
L
A
M
P

Explanation

The for loop extracts each letter of the string 'lamp' one by one and place it in
variable x. Inside the loop, x is converted to uppercase and printed.

Question 2l

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x = 'one'
y = 'two'
counter = 0
while counter < len(x):
print(x[counter], y[counter])
counter += 1
Answer

Output
o t
n w
e o

Explanation

Inside the while loop, each letter of x and y is accessed one by one and printed.

Question 2m
Predict the output of the following code fragments:
x = "apple, pear, peach"
y = x.split(", ")
for z in y :
print(z)
Answer

Output
apple
pear
peach

Explanation

x.split(", ") breaks up string x into a list of strings so y becomes ['apple', 'pear',
'peach']. The for loop iterates over this list and prints each string one by one.

Question 2n

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x ='apple, pear, peach, grapefruit'
y = x.split(', ')
for z in y:
if z < 'm':
print(str.lower(z))
else:
print(str.upper(z))
Answer

Output
apple
PEAR
PEACH
grapefruit

Explanation

x.split(', ') breaks up string x into a list of strings so y becomes ['apple', 'pear',
'peach', 'grapefruit']. The for loop iterates over this list. apple and grapefruit are less
than m (since a and g comes before m) so they are converted to lowercase and
printed whereas pear and peach are converted to uppercase and printed.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct output for the execution of the following Python
statement ?
print(5 + 3 ** 2 / 2)

1. 32
2. 8.0
3. 9.5
4. 32.0

Answer
9.5

Explanation

According to operator precedence, exponentiation(**) will come first then division

then addition.
5 + 3 ** 2 / 2
=5+9/2
= 5 + 4.5
= 9.5

Question 4(i)

How many times will the following for loop execute and what's the output?
for i in range(-1, 7, -2):
for j in range (3):
print(1, j)
Answer
The loops execute 0 times and the code produces no output. range(-1, 7, -2) returns
an empty sequence as there are no numbers that start at -1 and go till 6
decrementing by -2. Due to empty sequence, the loops don't execute.

Question 4(ii)

How many times will the following for loop execute and what's the output?
for i in range(1,3,1):
for j in range(i+1):
print('*')
Answer
Loop executes for 5 times.

Output
*
*
*
*
*

Explanation

range(1,3,1) returns [1, 2]. For first iteration of outer loop j is in range [0, 1] so inner
loop executes twice. For second iteration of outer loop j is in range [0, 1, 2] so inner
loop executes 3 times. This makes the total number of loop executions as 2 + 3 = 5.

Question 5

Find and write the output of the following python code:

for Name in ['Jay', 'Riya', 'Tanu', 'Anil'] :
print (Name)
if Name[0] == 'T' :
break
else :
print ('Finished!')
print ('Got it!')
Answer

Output
Jay
Finished!
Riya
Finished!
Tanu
Got it!

Explanation

The for loop iterates over each name in the list and prints it. If the name does not
begin with the letter T, Finished! is printed after the name. If the name begins with T,
break statement is executed that terminates the loop. Outside the loop, Got it! gets
printed.

Question 6

Is the loop in the code below infinite? How do you know (for sure) before you run it?
m = 3
n = 5
while n < 10:
m = n - 1
n = 2 * n - m
print(n, m)
Answer
The loop is not infinite. To know this without running it we can analyze how n is
changed inside the loop in the following way:
n=2*n-m
Substituting value of m from m = n - 1,

⇒n=2*n-n+1
n = 2 * n - (n - 1)

⇒ n = 2n - n + 1
⇒n=n+1
Therefore, inside the loop n is incremented by 1 in each iteration. Loop condition is n
< 10 and initial value of n is 5. So after 5 iterations, n will become 10 and the loop
will terminate.
Type C: Programming Practice/Knowledge based Questions

Question 1

Write a program to print one of the words negative, zero, or positive, according to
whether variable x is less than zero, zero, or greater than zero, respectively.

Solution
x = int(input("Enter x: "))

if x < 0:
print("negative")
elif x > 0:
print("positive")
else:
print("zero")

Output
Enter x: -5
negative

Enter x: 0
zero

Enter x: 5
positive

Question 2

Write a program that returns True if the input number is an even number, False
otherwise.
Solution
x = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if x % 2 == 0:
print("True")
else:
print("False")

Output
Enter a number: 10
True

Enter a number: 5
False

Question 3

Write a Python program that calculates and prints the number of seconds in a year.

Solution
days = 365
hours = 24
mins = 60
secs = 60
secsInYear = days * hours * mins * secs
print("Number of seconds in a year =", secsInYear)

Output
Number of seconds in a year = 31536000

Question 4

Write a Python program that accepts two integers from the user and prints a
message saying if first number is divisible by second number or if it is not.

Solution
a = int(input("Enter first number: "))
b = int(input("Enter second number: "))

if a % b == 0:
print(a, "is divisible by", b)
else:
print(a, "is not divisible by", b)

Output
Enter first number: 15
Enter second number: 5
15 is divisible by 5

Enter first number: 13

Enter second number: 7
13 is not divisible by 7

Question 5

Write a program that asks the user the day number in a year in the range 2 to 365
and asks the first day of the year — Sunday or Monday or Tuesday etc. Then the
program should display the day on the day-number that has been input.

Solution
dayNames = ["MONDAY", "TUESDAY", "WEDNESDAY", "THURSDAY", "FRIDAY",
"SATURDAY", "SUNDAY"]

dayNum = int(input("Enter day number: "))

firstDay = input("First day of year: ")

if dayNum < 2 or dayNum > 365:

print("Invalid Input")
else:
startDayIdx = dayNames.index(str.upper(firstDay))
currDayIdx = dayNum % 7 + startDayIdx - 1

if currDayIdx >= 7:
currDayIdx = currDayIdx - 7

print("Day on day number", dayNum, ":", dayNames[currDayIdx])

Output
Enter day number: 243
First day of year: FRIDAY
Day on day number 243 : TUESDAY

Question 6

One foot equals 12 inches. Write a function that accepts a length written in feet as an
argument and returns this length written in inches. Write a second function that asks
the user for a number of feet and returns this value. Write a third function that
accepts a number of inches and displays this to the screen. Use these three
functions to write a program that asks the user for a number of feet and tells them
the corresponding number of inches.

Solution
def feetToInches(lenFeet):
lenInch = lenFeet * 12
return lenInch

def getInput():
len = int(input("Enter length in feet: "))
return len

def displayLength(l):
print("Length in inches =", l)

ipLen = getInput()
inchLen = feetToInches(ipLen)
displayLength(inchLen)

Output
Enter length in feet: 15
Length in inches = 180

Question 7

Write a program that reads an integer N from the keyboard computes and displays
the sum of the numbers from N to (2 * N) if N is nonnegative. If N is a negative
number, then it's the sum of the numbers from (2 * N) to N. The starting and ending
points are included in the sum.

Solution
n = int(input("Enter N: "))
sum = 0
if n < 0:
for i in range(2 * n, n + 1):
sum += i
else:
for i in range(n, 2 * n + 1):
sum += i

print("Sum =", sum)

Output
Enter N: 5
Sum = 45

Enter N: -5
Sum = -45

Question 8
Write a program that reads a date as an integer in the format MMDDYYYY. The
program will call a function that prints print out the date in the format <Month Name>
<day>, <year>.
Sample run :
Enter date : 12252019
December 25, 2019

Solution
months = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June",
"July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"]

dateStr = input("Enter date in MMDDYYYY format: ")

monthIndex = int(dateStr[:2]) - 1
month = months[monthIndex]
day = dateStr[2:4]
year = dateStr[4:]

newDateStr = month + ' ' + day + ', ' + year

print(newDateStr)

Output
Enter date in MMDDYYYY format: 12252019
December 25, 2019

Question 9

Write a program that prints a table on two columns — table that helps converting
miles into kilometers.

Solution
print('Miles | Kilometres')
print(1, "\t", 1.60934)
for i in range(10, 101, 10):
print(i, "\t", i * 1.60934)

Output
Miles | Kilometres
1 1.60934
10 16.0934
20 32.1868
30 48.2802
40 64.3736
50 80.467
60 96.5604
70 112.6538
80 128.7472
90 144.8406
100 160.934

Question 10

Write another program printing a table with two columns that helps convert pounds in
kilograms.

Solution
print('Pounds | Kilograms')
print(1, "\t", 0.4535)
for i in range(10, 101, 10):
print(i, "\t", i * 0.4535)

Output
Pounds | Kilograms
1 0.4535
10 4.535
20 9.07
30 13.605
40 18.14
50 22.675
60 27.21
70 31.745
80 36.28
90 40.815
100 45.35

Question 11

Write a program that reads two times in military format (0900, 1730) and prints the
number of hours and minutes between the two times.
A sample run is being given below :
Please enter the first time : 0900
Please enter the second time : 1730
8 hours 30 minutes

Solution
ft = input("Please enter the first time : ")
st = input("Please enter the second time : ")

# Converts both times to minutes

fMins = int(ft[:2]) * 60 + int(ft[2:])
sMins = int(st[:2]) * 60 + int(st[2:])
# Subtract the minutes, this will give
# the time duration between the two times
diff = sMins - fMins;

# Convert the difference to hours & mins

hrs = diff // 60
mins = diff % 60

print(hrs, "hours", mins, "minutes")

Output
Please enter the first time : 0900
Please enter the second time : 1730
8 hours 30 minutes

Please enter the first time : 0915

Please enter the second time : 1005

Assignments

CHAPTER :13, SIMPLE QUERY IN SQL

Question 1

Write a query to display EName and Sal of employees whose salary is greater than
or equal to 2200 from table Empl.
Answer
SELECT ENAME, SAL
FROM empl
WHERE SAL >= 2200;

Output
+-----------+------+
| ENAME | SAL |
+-----------+------+
| MAHADEVAN | 2985 |
| BINA | 2850 |
| AMIR | 5000 |
| SHIAVNSH | 2450 |
| SCOTT | 3000 |
| FAKIR | 3000 |
+-----------+------+
Question 2

Write a query to display details of employees who are not getting commission from
table Empl.
Answer
SELECT *
FROM empl
WHERE COMM IS NULL OR COMM = 0;

Output
+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------
+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO
|
+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------
+
| 8369 | SMITH | CLERK | 8902 | 1990-12-18 | 800 | NULL | 20
|
| 8566 | MAHADEVAN | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-04-02 | 2985 | NULL | 20
|
| 8698 | BINA | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-05-01 | 2850 | NULL | 30
|
| 8839 | AMIR | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1991-11-18 | 5000 | NULL | 10
|
| 8844 | KULDEEP | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-09-08 | 1500 | 0 | 30
|
| 8882 | SHIAVNSH | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-06-09 | 2450 | NULL | 10
|
| 8886 | ANOOP | CLERK | 8888 | 1993-01-12 | 1100 | NULL | 20
|
| 8888 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 8566 | 1992-12-09 | 3000 | NULL | 20
|
| 8900 | JATIN | CLERK | 8698 | 1991-12-03 | 950 | NULL | 30
|
| 8902 | FAKIR | ANALYST | 8566 | 1991-12-03 | 3000 | NULL | 20
|
| 8934 | MITA | CLERK | 8882 | 1992-01-23 | 1300 | NULL | 10
|
+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------
+

Question 3

Write a query to display employee name and salary of those employee who don't
have their salary in the range of 2500 to 4000.
Answer
SELECT ENAME, SAL
FROM empl
WHERE SAL NOT BETWEEN 2500 AND 4000;

Output
+----------+------+
| ENAME | SAL |
+----------+------+
| SMITH | 800 |
| ANYA | 1600 |
| SETH | 1250 |
| MOMIN | 1250 |
| AMIR | 5000 |
| KULDEEP | 1500 |
| SHIAVNSH | 2450 |
| ANOOP | 1100 |
| JATIN | 950 |
| MITA | 1300 |
+----------+------+

Question 4

Write a query to display the name, job title and salary of employee who do not have
manager.
Answer
SELECT ENAME, JOB, SAL
FROM empl
WHERE MGR IS NULL ;

Output
+-------+-----------+------+
| ENAME | JOB | SAL |
+-------+-----------+------+
| AMIR | PRESIDENT | 5000 |
+-------+-----------+------+

Question 5

Write a query to display the name of employee whose name contains 'A' as third
alphabet.
Answer
SELECT ENAME
FROM empl
WHERE ENAME LIKE '__A%' ;

Explanation
There are no employees whose name contains 'A' as the third alphabet in the empl
table. Therefore, the output will be empty.

Question 6

Write a query to display the name of employee whose name contains 'T' as the last
alphabet.
Answer
SELECT ENAME
FROM empl
WHERE ENAME LIKE '%T' ;

Output
+-------+
| ENAME |
+-------+
| SCOTT |
+-------+

Question 7

Write a query to display the name of employee whose name contains 'M' as first
alphabet 'L' as third alphabet.
Answer
SELECT ENAME
FROM empl
WHERE ENAME LIKE 'M_L%' ;

Explanation

There are no employees whose name contains 'M' as first alphabet and 'L' as third
alphabet in the empl table. Therefore, the output will be empty.

Question 8

Write a query on the customers table whose output will exclude all customers with a
rating <= 100, unless they are located in Shimla.
Answer
SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE rating > 100 OR city = 'Shimla' ;

Question 9
Write a query that selects all orders (Order table) except those with zeros or NULLs
in the amt field.
Answer
SELECT *
FROM order
WHERE amt IS NOT NULL AND amt <> 0 ;

Question 10

Write SQL commands for the following on the basis of given table STUDENT :
Table : STUDENT

StudN Grade
Class Name GAME SUPW Grade2
o. 1

10 7 Sameer Cricket B Photography A

11 8 Sujit Tennis A Gardening C

12 7 Kamal Swimming B Photography B

13 7 Veena Tennis C Cooking A

Basket
14 9 Archana A Literature A
Ball

15 10 Arpit Cricket A Gardening C

1. Display the names of the students who are getting a grade 'C' in either GAME
or SUPW.
2. Display the different games offered in the school.
3. Display the SUPW taken up by the students, whose name starts with 'A'.

Answer
1.
SELECT Name
FROM STUDENT
WHERE Grade1 = 'C' OR Grade2 = 'C' ;
Output
+-------+
| Name |
+-------+
| Sujit |
| Veena |
| Arpit |
+-------+
2.
SELECT DISTINCT GAME
FROM STUDENT ;

Output
+-------------+
| GAME |
+-------------+
| Cricket |
| Tennis |
| Swimming |
| Basket Ball |
+-------------+
3.
SELECT SUPW
FROM STUDENT
WHERE Name LIKE 'A%' ;

Output
+------------+
| SUPW |
+------------+
| Literature |
| Gardening |
+------------+

Question 11

Write SQL commands for the following on the basis of given table SPORTS :
Table : SPORTS

StuD.No. Class Name Game1 Grade1 Game2 Grade2

10 7 Sameer Cricket B Swimming A

11 8 Sujit Tennis A Skating C

 StuD.No. Class Name Game1 Grade1 Game2 Grade2

12 7 Kamal Swimming B Football B

13 7 Venna Tennis C Tennis A

14 9 Archana Basketball A Cricket A

15 10 Arpit Cricket A Athletics C

1. Display the names of the students who have grade 'C' in either Game1 or
Game2 or both.
2. Display the names of the students who have same game for both Game1 and
Game2.
3. Display the games taken up by the students, whose name starts with 'A'.

Answer
1.
SELECT Name
FROM SPORTS
WHERE Grade1 = 'C' OR Grade2 = 'C' ;

Output
+-------+
| Name |
+-------+
| Sujit |
| Venna |
| Arpit |
+-------+
2.
SELECT Name
FROM SPORTS
WHERE Game1 = Game2 ;

Output
+-------+
| Name |
+-------+
| Venna |
+-------+
3.
SELECT Game1, Game2
FROM SPORTS
WHERE Name LIKE 'A%' ;

Output
+------------+-----------+
| Game1 | Game2 |
+------------+-----------+
| Basketball | Cricket |
| Cricket | Athletics |
+------------+-----------+

Question 12

Write SQL commands for the following on the basis of given table CLUB :
Table : CLUB

COA
COACHN AG SE DATOFAP
CH_I SPORTS PAY
AME E X P
D

1 KUKREJA 35 KARATE 1000 M 1996-03-27

2 RAVINA 34 KARATE 1200 F 1998-01-20

3 KARAN 34 SQUASH 2000 M 1998-02-19

4 TARUN 33 BASKETBALL 1500 M 1998-01-01

5 ZUBIN 36 SWIMMING 750 M 1998-01-12

6 KETAKI 36 SWIMMING 800 F 1998-02-24

7 ANKITA 39 SQUASH 2200 F 1998-02-20

8 ZAREEN 37 KARATE 1100 F 1998-02-22

 COA
COACHN AG SE DATOFAP
CH_I SPORTS PAY
AME E X P
D

9 KUSH 41 SWIMMING 900 M 1998-01-13

10 SHAILYA 37 BASKETBALL 1700 M 1998-02-19

1. To show all information about the swimming coaches in the club.

2. To list names of all coaches with their date of appointment (DATOFAPP) in
descending order.
3. To display a report, showing coachname, pay, age and bonus (15% of pay) for
all the coaches.

Answer
1.
SELECT *
FROM CLUB
WHERE SPORTS = 'SWIMMING' ;

Output
+----------+-----------+-----+----------+-----+-----+------------+
| COACH_ID | COACHNAME | AGE | SPORTS | PAY | SEX | DATOFAPP |
+----------+-----------+-----+----------+-----+-----+------------+
| 5 | ZUBIN | 36 | SWIMMING | 750 | M | 1998-01-12 |
| 6 | KETAKI | 36 | SWIMMING | 800 | F | 1998-02-24 |
| 9 | KUSH | 41 | SWIMMING | 900 | M | 1998-01-13 |
+----------+-----------+-----+----------+-----+-----+------------+
2.
SELECT COACHNAME, DATOFAPP
FROM CLUB
ORDER BY DATOFAPP DESC ;

Output
+-----------+------------+
| COACHNAME | DATOFAPP |
+-----------+------------+
| KETAKI | 1998-02-24 |
| ZAREEN | 1998-02-22 |
| ANKITA | 1998-02-20 |
| KARAN | 1998-02-19 |
| SHAILYA | 1998-02-19 |
| RAVINA | 1998-01-20 |
| KUSH | 1998-01-13 |
| ZUBIN | 1998-01-12 |
| TARUN | 1998-01-01 |
| KUKREJA | 1996-03-27 |
+-----------+------------+
3.
SELECT COACHNAME, PAY, AGE, (PAY * 0.15) AS BONUS
FROM CLUB ;

Output
+-----------+------+-----+--------+
| COACHNAME | PAY | AGE | BONUS |
+-----------+------+-----+--------+
| KUKREJA | 1000 | 35 | 150.00 |
| RAVINA | 1200 | 34 | 180.00 |
| KARAN | 2000 | 34 | 300.00 |
| TARUN | 1500 | 33 | 225.00 |
| ZUBIN | 750 | 36 | 112.50 |
| KETAKI | 800 | 36 | 120.00 |
| ANKITA | 2200 | 39 | 330.00 |
| ZAREEN | 1100 | 37 | 165.00 |
| KUSH | 900 | 41 | 135.00 |
| SHAILYA | 1700 | 37 | 255.00 |
+-----------+------+-----+--------+

Question 13

Write SQL commands for the following on the basis of given table STUDENT1 :
Table : STUDENT1

No. Name Stipend Stream AvgMark Grade Class

1 Karan 400.00 Medical 78.5 B 12B

2 Divakar 450.00 Commerce 89.2 A 11C

3 Divya 300.00 Commerce 68.6 C 12C

4 Arun 350.00 Humanities 73.1 B 12C

 No. Name Stipend Stream AvgMark Grade Class

5 Sabina 500.00 Nonmedical 90.6 A 11A

6 John 400.00 Medical 75.4 B 12B

7 Robert 250.00 Humanities 64.4 C 11A

8 Rubina 450.00 Nonmedical 88.5 A 12A

9 Vikas 500.00 Nonmedical 92.0 A 12A

10 Mohan 300.00 Commerce 67.5 C 12C

1. Select all the Nonmedical stream students from STUDENT1.

2. List the names of those students who are in class 12 sorted by Stipend.
3. List all students sorted by AvgMark in descending order.
4. Display a report, listing Name, Stipend, Stream and amount of stipend received
in a year assuming that the Stipend is paid every month.

Answer
1.
SELECT *
FROM STUDENT1
WHERE Stream = 'Nonmedical' ;

Output
+-----+--------+---------+------------+---------+-------+-------+
| No. | Name | Stipend | Stream | AvgMark | Grade | Class |
+-----+--------+---------+------------+---------+-------+-------+
| 5 | Sabina | 500 | Nonmedical | 90.6 | A | 11A |
| 8 | Rubina | 450 | Nonmedical | 88.5 | A | 12A |
| 9 | Vikas | 500 | Nonmedical | 92.0 | A | 12A |
+-----+--------+---------+------------+---------+-------+-------+
2.
SELECT Name
FROM STUDENT1
WHERE Class LIKE '12%'
ORDER BY Stipend ;
Output
+--------+
| Name |
+--------+
| Divya |
| Mohan |
| Arun |
| Karan |
| John |
| Rubina |
| Vikas |
+--------+
3.
SELECT *
FROM STUDENT1
ORDER BY AvgMark DESC ;

Output
+-----+---------+---------+------------+---------+-------+-------+
| No. | Name | Stipend | Stream | AvgMark | Grade | Class |
+-----+---------+---------+------------+---------+-------+-------+
| 9 | Vikas | 500 | Nonmedical | 92.0 | A | 12A |
| 5 | Sabina | 500 | Nonmedical | 90.6 | A | 11A |
| 2 | Divakar | 450 | Commerce | 89.2 | A | 11C |
| 8 | Rubina | 450 | Nonmedical | 88.5 | A | 12A |
| 1 | Karan | 400 | Medical | 78.5 | B | 12B |
| 6 | John | 400 | Medical | 75.4 | B | 12B |
| 4 | Arun | 350 | Humanities | 73.1 | B | 12C |
| 3 | Divya | 300 | Commerce | 68.6 | C | 12C |
| 10 | Mohan | 300 | Commerce | 67.5 | C | 12C |
| 7 | Robert | 250 | Humanities | 64.4 | C | 11A |
+-----+---------+---------+------------+---------+-------+-------+
4.
SELECT Name, Stipend, Stream, (Stipend * 12) AS Yearly_Stipend
FROM STUDENT1 ;

Output
+---------+---------+------------+----------------+
| Name | Stipend | Stream | Yearly_Stipend |
+---------+---------+------------+----------------+
| Karan | 400 | Medical | 4800 |
| Divakar | 450 | Commerce | 5400 |
| Divya | 300 | Commerce | 3600 |
| Arun | 350 | Humanities | 4200 |
| Sabina | 500 | Nonmedical | 6000 |
| John | 400 | Medical | 4800 |
| Robert | 250 | Humanities | 3000 |
| Rubina | 450 | Nonmedical | 5400 |
| Vikas | 500 | Nonmedical | 6000 |
| Mohan | 300 | Commerce | 3600 |
+---------+---------+------------+----------------+

Question 14

Consider the table Student1 of Q. 13. Give the output of following SQL statement :

1. SELECT TRUNCATE(AvgMark) FROM Student1 WHERE AvgMark < 75 ;

2. SELECT ROUND(AvgMark) FROM Student1 WHERE Grade = 'B' ;
3. SELECT CONCAT(Name, Stream) FROM Student1 WHERE Class = '12A' ;
4. SELECT RIGHT(Stream, 2) FROM Student1 ;

Answer
1. It will return error because no argument is passed as decimal places to truncate.
Syntax of truncate function is TRUNCATE(number, decimals) .
2.

Output
+----------------+
| ROUND(AvgMark) |
+----------------+
| 78 |
| 73 |
| 75 |
+----------------+
3.

Output
+----------------------+
| CONCAT(Name, Stream) |
+----------------------+
| RubinaNonmedical |
| VikasNonmedical |
+----------------------+
4.

Output
+------------------+
| RIGHT(Stream, 2) |
+------------------+
| al |
| ce |
| ce |
| es |
| al |
| al |
| es |
| al |
| al |
| ce |
+------------------+

Question 15

Given the following table :

Table : STUDENT

No. Name Stipend Stream AvgMark Grade Class

1 Karan 400.00 Medical 78.5 B 12B

2 Divakar 450.00 Commerce 89.2 A 11C

3 Divya 300.00 Commerce 68.6 C 12C

4 Arun 350.00 Humanities 73.1 B 12C

5 Sabina 500.00 Nonmedical 90.6 A 11A

6 John 400.00 Medical 75.4 B 12B

7 Robert 250.00 Humanities 64.4 C 11A

8 Rubina 450.00 Nonmedical 88.5 A 12A

9 Vikas 500.00 Nonmedical 92.0 A 12A

10 Mohan 300.00 Commerce 67.5 C 12C

Give the output of following SQL statements :

1. SELECT MIN(AvgMark) FROM STUDENT WHERE AvgMark < 75 ;

2. SELECT SUM(Stipend) FROM STUDENT WHERE Grade = 'B' ;
3. SELECT AVG(Stipend) FROM STUDENT WHERE Class = '12A' ;
4. SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT) FROM STUDENT ;
Answer
1.

Output
+--------------+
| MIN(AvgMark) |
+--------------+
| 64.4 |
+--------------+
2.

Output
+--------------+
| SUM(Stipend) |
+--------------+
| 1150 |
+--------------+
3.

Output
+--------------+
| AVG(Stipend) |
+--------------+
| 475 |
+--------------+
4. It will give an error because the COUNT function requires an argument specifying
what to count. Additionally, the DISTINCT keyword is followed by a column name to
count the distinct values of that column.

Question 16

Write SQL commands for the following on the basis of given table MOV :
Table : MOV

No Title Type Rating Stars Qty Price

1 Gone with the Wind Drama G Gable 4 39.95

2 Friday the 13th Horror R Jason 2 69.95

3 Top Gun Drama PG Cruise 7 49.95

 No Title Type Rating Stars Qty Price

4 Splash Comedy PG13 Hanks 3 29.95

5 Independence Day Drama R Turner 3 19.95

6 Risky Business Comedy R Cruise 2 44.95

7 Cocoon Scifi PG Ameche 2 31.95

8 Crocodile Dundee Comedy PG13 Harris 2 69.95

9 101 Dalmatians Comedy G 3 59.95

10 Tootsie Comedy PG Hoffman 1 29.95

1. Display a list of all movies with Price over 20 and sorted by Price.
2. Display all the movies sorted by QTY in decreasing order.
3. Display a report listing a movie number, current value and replacement value
for each movie in the above table. Calculate the replacement value for all
movies as : QTY * Price * 1.15.

Answer
1.
SELECT Title
FROM MOV
WHERE Price > 20
ORDER BY Price ;

Output
+--------------------+
| Title |
+--------------------+
| Splash |
| Tootsie |
| Cocoon |
| Gone with the Wind |
| Risky Business |
| Top Gun |
| 101 Dalmatians |
| Friday the 13th |
| Crocodile Dundee |
+--------------------+
2.
SELECT Title
FROM MOV
ORDER BY Qty DESC ;

Output
+--------------------+
| Title |
+--------------------+
| Top Gun |
| Gone with the Wind |
| Splash |
| Independence Day |
| 101 Dalmatians |
| Friday the 13th |
| Risky Business |
| Cocoon |
| Crocodile Dundee |
| Tootsie |
+--------------------+
3.
SELECT No AS Movie_Number , Price AS Current_Value, (Qty * Price * 1.15) AS
Replacement_Value
FROM MOV ;

Output
+--------------+---------------+--------------------+
| Movie_Number | Current_Value | Replacement_Value |
+--------------+---------------+--------------------+
| 1 | 39.95 | 183.77000350952147 |
| 2 | 69.95 | 160.884992980957 |
| 3 | 49.95 | 402.09750614166256 |
| 4 | 29.95 | 103.3275026321411 |
| 5 | 19.95 | 68.8275026321411 |
| 6 | 44.95 | 103.38500175476074 |
| 7 | 31.95 | 73.48500175476073 |
| 8 | 69.95 | 160.884992980957 |
| 9 | 59.95 | 206.8275026321411 |
| 10 | 29.95 | 34.44250087738037 |
+--------------+---------------+--------------------+

Question 17

Write SQL commands for the following on the basis of given table Teacher :
Table : Teacher

No Name Age Department Salary Sex Dateofjoin

1 Jugal 34 Computer 12000 M 1997-01-10

2 Sharmila 31 History 20000 F 1998-03-24

3 Sandeep 32 Maths 30000 M 1996-12-12

4 Sangeeta 35 History 40000 F 1999-07-01

5 Rakesh 42 Maths 25000 M 1997-09-05

6 Shyam 50 History 30000 M 1998-06-27

7 Shiv Om 44 Computer 21000 M 1997-02-25

8 Shalakha 33 Maths 20000 F 1997-07-31

1. To show all information about the teacher of history department.

2. To list the names of female teachers who are in Hindi department.
3. To list names of all teachers with their date of joining in ascending order.

Answer
1.
SELECT *
FROM Teacher
WHERE Department = 'History' ;

Output
+----+----------+-----+------------+--------+-----+------------+
| No | Name | Age | Department | Salary | Sex | Dateofjoin |
+----+----------+-----+------------+--------+-----+------------+
| 2 | Sharmila | 31 | History | 20000 | F | 1998-03-24 |
| 4 | Sangeeta | 35 | History | 40000 | F | 1999-07-01 |
| 6 | Shyam | 50 | History | 30000 | M | 1998-06-27 |
+----+----------+-----+------------+--------+-----+------------+
2.
SELECT Name
FROM Teacher
WHERE Sex = 'F' and Department = 'Hindi' ;

Explanation

There are no records in the Teacher table where the department is 'Hindi'. Hence,
there will be no output.
3.
SELECT Name, Dateofjoin
FROM Teacher
ORDER BY Dateofjoin ;

Output
+----------+------------+
| Name | Dateofjoin |
+----------+------------+
| Sandeep | 1996-12-12 |
| Jugal | 1997-01-10 |
| Shiv Om | 1997-02-25 |
| Shalakha | 1997-07-31 |
| Rakesh | 1997-09-05 |
| Sharmila | 1998-03-24 |
| Shyam | 1998-06-27 |
| Sangeeta | 1999-07-01 |
+----------+------------+