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MMW Lesson 6 Part IV

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11 views15 pages

MMW Lesson 6 Part IV

Uploaded by

andingjohannahjillf
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DATA MANAGEMENT

Simple Correlation and Regression

GEM 111- Mathematics in the Modern World


LINEAR CORRELATION

A correlation analysis tries to measure how two random variables are


strongly related using a correlation coefficient. This is only concerned with
the strength of the relationship and no causal effect is implied.

The sample correlation coefficient, denoted by (r) can be calculated as:


LINEAR CORRELATION
The interpretation of the Sample Pearson Correlation Coefficient is as
follows:
1. The value of r ranges from -1 to +1. If r = ± 1, there is a perfect linear
relationship and all points lie in the straight line.
2. If r is close to +1, it indicates a high positive linear relationship between
two variables X and Y. If X increases, Y also increases.
3. If r is close to -1, it indicates a negative linear relationship between
variables X and Y. If X increases, Y decreases.
4. An r value near 0 means there is a lack of linearity between two
variables or no linear relationship between them. The relationship may not
be linear.
LINEAR CORRELATION

Sample Pearson Correlation Coefficient


LINEAR CORRELATION

Scatter Diagram- a graphical presentation of the independent variable (x-


axis) and dependent variable (y-axis). This is the easiest way to determine if
a relationship exists between the two variables.
LINEAR CORRELATION
LINEAR CORRELATION

The Sample Coefficient of Determination (r2) determines the total variation


of variable Y that can be accounted for or explained by the linear
relationship with the values of variable X. This number is usually expressed
as a percentage.
LINEAR CORRELATION

Exercise: Given the following quiz scores for 10 students in Science (x) and
Math (y), calculate the Pearson Correlation Coefficient.
LINEAR CORRELATION
SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION

A regression analysis is a statistical method that utilizes the relationship


between two or more quantitative variables. So one variable, the
dependent variable or response variable, can be predicted with the
knowledge of the values of another variable, the independent variable or
explanatory variable.

A mathematical equation used to predict the dependent variable is called a


regression equation.
SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION

Regression Equation
SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION
Assumptions in regression analysis:

• The values of the independent variable x may be fixed, that is the x values
must be selected by the researcher in advance. The x-value is not a random
variable.
• The values of x are measured without error.
• The dependent variable y, given different values of independent variable x
is normally distributed.
• The variances of the dependent variable y, given different values of x are
equal.
SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION
Estimation of Parameters
SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION
SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION

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