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What Is Industrial Revolution

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25 views6 pages

What Is Industrial Revolution

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gargeebkt
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What is Industrial revolution?

What are the impacts it


had on society?

The “first industrial revolution” refers to the changes in


the industry and the economy that occurred in Britain
during the 1780s and 1850s.

Later, similar changes occurred in European countries


and in the USA. These were anticipated to have a
significant effect on both the economies and societies
of those countries as well as the rest of the world.

This phase of industrial development in Britain is


strongly associated with new machinery and
technologies. Compared to the handcraft and
handloom industries, these allowed for the mass
production of items.

Britain, First Country to Experience Modern


Industrialisation
There were several factors that helped Britain to be
the first country to experience modern industrialization:
Political stability
Abundant wealth
Invention of machinery
Transportation facility
Availability of continuous power
Modern industrialization led to the following :

Wages and Salaries

By the end of the 17th century, money was widely


used as a medium of exchange and a large section of
the people received their income in the form of wages
and salaries rather than in goods. As a result, people
had more options for how to spend their money, and
the market for goods increased.

Growing Population and Increase in Number of Towns

From the eighteenth century, many towns in Europe


were growing in area and in population, nearly
doubling between 1750 and 1800. The largest of them
was London, which served as the hub of the country’s
markets, with the next largest ones located close to it.

By the eighteenth century, the center of global trade


had shifted from the Mediterranean ports of Italy and
France to the Atlantic ports of Holland and Britain.

Network of Transportation

In England, the movement of goods between markets


was helped by a good network of rivers, and an
indented coastline with sheltered bays. Until the
spread of railways, transport by waterways was
cheaper and faster than by land.
Strong Financial System

The Bank of England served as the central focus of the


country’s financial system (founded in 1694). In
England, there were over a hundred provincial banks
by 1784; over the following ten years, their numbers
tripled. These banks provided the capital necessary to
start and support large industrial enterprises.

Rich Source of Staple Materials for Mechanisation

The availability of coal, iron ore, and other industrial


minerals like lead, copper, and tin made England
fortunate because these elements were essential for
mechanization. By 1848, Britain was smelting more
iron than the rest of the world put together.

Technological Inventions for Cotton Spinning and Weaving

From the seventeenth century, the country had been


importing bales of cotton cloth from India at great cost.
As the East India Company’s political control of parts
of India was established, it began to import, along with
cloth, raw cotton, which could be spun and woven into
cloth in England.

A series of technological inventions successfully


closed the gap between the speed of spinning raw
cotton into yarn or thread, and of weaving the yarn into
fabric.
To make it even more efficient, production gradually
shifted from the homes of spinners and weavers to
factories.

Raw cotton had to be entirely imported and a large


part of the finished cloth was exported. This sustained
the process of colonization so that Britain could retain
control over the sources of raw cotton as well as the
markets.

Steam Power

The ability of steam to provide enormous amounts of


power was a key factor in large-scale industrialization.
In 1840, British steam engines were generating more
than 70 percent of all European horsepower.

Emergence of Railway

Railways emerged as a new means of transportation


that was available throughout the year, both cheap and
fast, to carry passengers and goods. The invention of
the railways took the entire process of industrialization
to a second stage.

First Industrial Revolution: 1765


The mechanization of the textile industry in Britain in
the late 18th century marked the start of the first
industrial revolution. Mass coal mining and the
development of the steam engine ushered in a brand-
new form of energy that accelerated every process.
Second Industrial Revolution: 1870
New technological developments at the end of the 19th
century sparked the growth of electricity, gas, and oil
as new sources of energy. As a result, the combustion
engine was created with the goal of making the most
efficient use of these new resources.

The development of the telegraph and the telephone


revolutionized ways of communication, while the
development of the automobile (and Ford’s mass
production techniques) and the airplane at the
beginning of the 20th century transformed methods of
transportation.

Third Industrial Revolution: 1969


Nearly a century later, in the second half of the 20th
century, a third industrial revolution appeared with the
introduction of electronics and information technology.
This revolution gave rise to the era of high-level
automation in production with two major inventions:
automatons (programmable logic controllers) and
robots.

Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0): Present


A fourth industrial revolution, known as Industry 4.0,
which is based on a recent technological development
called digitalization, is set to take place in the world
due to tremendous advancements in the sectors of
hardware and information technology.
While Industry 3.0 focuses on the automation of single
machines and processes, Industry 4.0 concentrates on
the end-to-end digitization of all physical assets and
their integration into digital ecosystems with value
chain partners.

Driven by the power of big data, high computing


capacity, artificial intelligence, and analytics, Industry
4.0 aims to completely digitize the manufacturing
sector.

Industry 4.0 is the next phase in bringing together


conventional and modern technologies in
manufacturing to create “smart factories”.

Industry 4.0 and India


A huge number of MSMEs have just started to enter
the automation phase. To achieve the ambitious target
of making India a global hub for manufacturing, design,
and innovation, and augmenting the share of
manufacturing in GDP from the current 16% to 25% by
2025, the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies
becomes imperative to increase competitiveness and
build efficient value chains. In its pursuit to foster best-
in-class manufacturing infrastructure in India, the
“Make in India” initiative is spearheading wider
adoption of ‘Industry 4.0’.

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