VERB TO BE - PRESENT TENSE

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I am I’m I am not I’m not Am I...?
You are You’re You are not You’re not/You aren’t Are you...?
He is He’s He is not He’s not/He isn’t Is he...?
She is She’s She is not She’s not/She isn’t Is she...?
It is It’s It is not It’s not/It isn’t Is it...?
We are We’re We are not We’re not/We aren’t Are we...?
You are You’re You are not You’re not/You aren’t Are you...?
They are They’re They are not They aren’t Are they...?
Exemplos
She is here. They are here.
She isn’t here. They aren’t here.
Is she here? Are they here?

SHORT ANSWERS (respostas curtas)

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it is not. No, he/she/it isn’t.
Yes, we/you/they are. No, we/you/they are not. No, we/you/they aren’t.

Perguntas com pronomes interrogativos: what, where, how old

O verbo to be vem depois dos pronomes interrogativos, e antes do sujeito.
Exemplos: How old are you? Where is she? What is it?

VERB TO BE - SIMPLE PAST

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS (respostas curtas)
I was I was not I wasn’t Was I...? AFFIRMATIVE
Yes, I was.
You were You were not You weren’t Were you...?
Yes, he/she/it was.
He was He was not He wasn’t Was he...? Yes, we/you/they were.
She was She was not She wasn’t Was she...?
It was It was not It wasn’t Was it...?
NEGATIVE
No, I was not./No, I wasn’t.
We were We were not We weren’t Were we...? No, he/she/it was not.
You were You were not You weren’t Were you...? No, he/she/it wasn’t.
They were They were not They weren’t Were they...? No, we/you/they were not./
No, we/you/they weren’t.

Exemplos
She was here yesterday.
She wasn’t here yesterday.
Was she here yesterday?

They were here yesterday.

They weren’t here yesterday.
Were they here yesterday?
 SIMPLE PRESENT AND ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
O Simple Present é um tempo verbal utilizado para indicar ações habituais que ocorrem no presente.
Além disso, ele é usado para expressar verdades universais, sentimentos, desejos, opiniões e preferências.
Como regra geral, para conjugar um verbo no Simple Present, basta usá-lo no infinitivo SEM o to.
Porém, há algumas regras específicas para a terceira pessoa do singular (he, she e it)
que estão relacionadas com a terminação dos verbos, como mostra a tabela:
REGRAS HE, SHE, IT EXEMPLOS
work - works, dance - dances
Maioria dos verbos: acrescenta-se S read - reads, speak - speaks
Verbos terminados em SS, SH, CH, X e O: kiss - kisses, wash - washes
acrescenta-se ES watch - watches, fix - fixes, go - goes
Verbos que terminam em consoante + Y: study - studies, cry - cries
retira-se o Y, e acrescenta-se IES fly - flies, copy - copies
Verbos que terminam em vogal + Y: play - plays, say - says
acrescenta-se S enjoy - enjoys, obey - obeys

Estruturas das frases no Simple Present Adverbs of frequency

Usamos os auxiliares do not/don’t (para I, you, we, e they) e Posições nas frases
does not/doesn’t (para he, she e it) para formar frases negativas. - Usual: entre o sujeito e o verbo
I always do my homework.
Para frases interrogativas, usamos do (para I, you, we, e they) e
does (para he, she e it). - Algumas vezes: no início da frase
Sometimes I play soccer.
sujeito + verbo + complemento Never e always não costumam vir no início da frase.
Affirmative
I live in Brazil.
- Com o verbo to be: depois do verbo to be
Negative sujeito + auxiliar negativo + verbo + complemento I am never tired.
She does not/doesn’t live in Brazil.
100% always I always eat fruits.
auxiliar + sujeito + verbo + complemento 90% usually/regularly We usually play soccer.
Question Do you live in Brazil? 80% often I often go to the park.
Short answers 50% sometimes Sometimes I eat cakes.
Affirmative: Yes, sujeito do/does: Yes, I do. / Yes, she does. 10% rarely/seldom They rarely exercise.
Negative: No, sujeito don’t/doesn’t: No, you don’t. / No, he doesn’t. 0% never You are never sad.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
indica uma ação ou uma situação que acontece no presente, ou no momento em que se fala.
to be (am, is, are) + verbo principal terminado em ING
coisas que estão acontecendo
no presente ou no momento em que se fala
Passado Futuro

PRESENTE
Affirmative: sujeito + to be (am, is, are) + verbo ING I am reading a book./She is reading a book.
Negative: sujeito + to be (am, is, are) + not + verbo ING I am not reading a book./She is not/isn’t reading a book.
Interrogative: to be (am, is, are) + sujeito + verbo ING Are you reading a book?/Is she reading a book?

SHORT ANSWERS Affirmative: Yes, sujeito + to be LONG ANSWERS Affirmative: Yes, sujeito + to be + verbo ING
(respostas curtas) Negative: No, sujeito + to be + not (respostas longas) Negative: No, sujeito + to be + not + verbo ING

ORTOGRAFIA
adicionamos ING
Maioria dos verbos say: saying/go: going/walk: walking/see: seeing
Verbo de 1 SÍLABA terminado em dobramos a consoante e adicionamos ING
consoante+vogal+consoante swim: swimming/run: running/get: getting
removemos o E e adicionamos ING
Verbo terminado em E come: coming/lose: losing/live: living
trocamos IE por Y e adicionamos ING
Verbo terminado em IE die: dying/lie: lying
acrescentamos K e adicionamos ING
Verbo terminado em C picnic: picnicking
 SIMPLE PRESENT vs PRESENT CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE PRESENT PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Para falar sobre: Para falar sobre:
- ações habituais que ocorrem no presente. - ações que estão acontecendo
- verdades universais, sentimentos, desejos, no presente ou no momento em que se fala.
opiniões e preferências.
- ações ou situações permanentes.
Algumas palavras e expressões que normalmente usamos com o
Em geral, utilizamos alguns advérbios de frequência
com o Simple Present. Present Continuous:
Além dos que foram vistos na Unidade 5, também usamos at the moment Jane is having breakfast at the moment.
outras palavras e expressões para expressar frequência: at this moment At this moment, nobody is home.
every day I read every day.
now Sarah is not sleeping now.
every other day He plays soccer every other day.
right now Right now, Chris is playing soccer.
every... (two days, week,
Susan has French lessons every week. Também podemos usar o Present Continuous)para falar de
month, Monday, etc.)
um plano agendado
normally Rob normally goes to sleep late.
em um futuro próximo.
first ... then First, I study, then, I play. Antony is going to travel on Sunday.
Observe que: Kate is going to the movies next week.
- Geralmente, palavras e expressões que começam com
“every” aparecem no final da frase.
- Geralmente, “normally” aparece entre o sujeito e o verbo,
mas também pode aparecer no início, como os demais I am playing
advérbios vistos na Unidade 5. soccer now!

É mais comum usar o Simple Present com verbos que:

- Expressam sentimentos: love, like, dislike, hate, prefer
I like to travel.
- Expressam posse: have, belong
Jenny has a new toy.
- Expressam processos mentais: understand, know
I know how to play the drums.