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Line Coding

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Line Coding

Uploaded by

mohamedgl.com
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Line Encoding

Lecture (8)
Dr. Mohamed EL Hawary
OUTLINE
 What is line coding?

 Line coding schemes.


 - Unipolar encoding; NRZ
 - Polar encoding; (NRZ, NR, Manchester, Differential Manchester)

 Line coding examples.


Digital Transmission
 Digital transmission is the sending of information over communications media
in the form of digital signals.

 Digital signals are a sequence of voltage pulses.

 They can propagate analog and digital data.

 They offer better noise immunity, are cheaper to implement in hardware, more
secure and also allow data compression, thereby optimally utilizing the
transmission link.

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Digital Signal
Transmission

Digital Data transmitted as Digital✔


Signals

Analog Data transmitted as Digital


Signals

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Digital Data Transmitted as Digital Signals
 To convert digital data into digital signals. It can be done in two ways, line
coding and block coding.

 For all communications, line coding is necessary whereas block coding is


optional.

 Here digital data is first encoded into a binary stream. These binary streams are
then converted into digital signals by line coding techniques.

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What is Line Coding?
- is the process of converting binary data (a sequence of bits) to a
digital signal.

- Different line codes have different attributes.

- Best line code has to be selected for a given application and


channel condition.

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Line Coding

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Unipolar Encoding
- Unipolar encoding uses only single voltage level to represent data.

- It is also called Unipolar-Non-return-to-zero, because there is no


rest condition

- In this case, to represent binary 1, high voltage is transmitted and


to represent 0, no voltage is transmitted

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Polar Encoding
- Polar encoding uses two voltage levels (positive and
negative).

- Polar encodings is available in four types:

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Polar Encoding
1.1- Polar NRZL (Non Return to Zero) Level

- Bit 0 is mapped to a negative amplitude.


- Bit 1 is mapped to a positive amplitude.

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Polar Encoding
1.2- Polar NRZI (Non Return to Zero Inverted)

- Bit 0 mapped to no signal level transition.


- Bit 1 is mapped to signal level transition at the beginning of the bit interval.
Assumption:

- The signal level to the left of the bit is high – Fig. A and Fig. C

- The signal level to the left of the bit is low – Fig. B and Fig. D
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NRZ-L changes voltage level at when a different bit is encountered whereas NRZ-I
changes voltage when a 1 is encountered.
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Polar Encoding
2- Polar RZ (Return to Zero)

- Bit 0 is mapped to a negative amplitude - A for the first half of the symbol duration
followed by a zero amplitude for the second half of the symbol duration.

- Bit 1 is mapped to a positive amplitude +A for the first half of the bit duration followed by
a zero amplitude for the second half of the bit duration.

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Polar Encoding
3- Polar Manchester Coding

- Bit 0 is sent by having a mid-bit transition from high to low.


- Bit 1 is sent by having a mid-bit transition from low to high.

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Polar Encoding
4- Polar Differential Manchester Coding

- Bit 0 is mapped to signal level transition at the beginning of the bit interval.

- Bit 1 is mapped to absence of signal level transition at the beginning of the bit interval.
Assumption:

The signal level to the left of the bit is high – Fig. A and Fig. C

The signal level to the left of the bit is low – Fig. B and Fig. D

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Line Coding Examples

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Bipolar Encoding
Bipolar encoding uses three voltage levels, positive, negative and zero. Zero
voltage represents binary 0 and bit 1 is represented by altering positive and
negative voltages.

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Thank You

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