1

1 A metal block A, travelling in a straight line at 4.0 m / s on a smooth surface, collides with a second
metal block B which is at rest. The diagram shows the two metal blocks A and B before and after
the collision.

(a) The mass of A is 3.2 kg. The mass of B is 1.6 kg.

After the collision, the velocity of A is 1.5 m / s.

Calculate

(i) the momentum of A before the collision,

momentum = .......................................... [2]

(ii) the velocity v of B after the collision.

v = .......................................... [3]
 2

(b) In the collision that occurred in (a), block A and block B are in contact for 0.050 s.

Calculate the average force that is exerted on B during the collision.

average force = ........................................... [2]

(c) After the collision in (a), the total kinetic energy of the two blocks is less than the kinetic energy
of block A before the collision.

Suggest one reason for this.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

2 A footballer kicks a ball vertically upwards. Initially, the ball is stationary.

(a) His boot is in contact with the ball for 0.050 s. The average resultant force on the ball during
this time is 180 N. The ball leaves his foot at 20 m / s.

Calculate:

(i) the impulse of the force acting on the ball,

impulse = ............................................... [2]

(ii) the mass of the ball,

mass = ................................................... [2]

 3

(iii) the height to which the ball rises. Ignore air resistance.

height = .................................................. [3]

(b) While the boot is in contact with the ball, the ball is no longer spherical.

State the word used to describe the energy stored in the ball.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

3 The diagram shows an ice-hockey player moving on ice. He is preparing to hit the solid disc called
a puck.

The disc of mass 0.16 kg is moving horizontally across the surface of the ice at a speed of 15 m / s.

(a) Calculate the magnitude of the momentum of the disc.

magnitude of momentum = .............................................. [2]

(b) The hockey player strikes the disc with his hockey stick and the momentum of the disc changes.
The disc gains momentum of 3.0 kg m / s at 45° to the original direction of travel of the disc, as
shown in the diagram.
 4

(view from above)

(i) State the magnitude of the impulse exerted on the disc and the direction, in degrees,
of the impulse relative to the original direction of travel.

magnitude of impulse = ...... ..............................................

direction of impulse: ........................... ° to original direction [1]

 5

(ii) Determine the magnitude of the new momentum of the disc and its new direction relative
to the original direction of travel by drawing a scale diagram.

magnitude of new momentum = ............ ...........................

direction of new momentum: ........................... ° to original direction [4]

[Total: 7]

4 The diagram shows a collision between two blocks A and B on a smooth, horizontal surface.
 6

Before the collision, block A, of mass 2.4 kg, is moving at 3.0 m / s. Block B, of mass 1.2 kg, is at
rest.

After the collision, blocks A and B stick together and move with velocity v.

(a) (i) Calculate the momentum of block A before the collision.

momentum = .......................................... [2]

(ii) Calculate the velocity v.

velocity = ................................................ [2]

(iii) Calculate the impulse experienced by block B during the collision.

impulse = ............................................... [2]

(b) Suggest why the total kinetic energy of blocks A and B after the collision is less than the kinetic
energy of block A before the collision.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

5 The diagram shows an athlete crossing the finishing line in a race. As she crosses the finishing
line, her speed is 10.0 m / s. She slows down to a speed of 4.0 m / s.
 7

(a) The mass of the athlete is 71 kg. Calculate the impulse applied to her as she slows down.

impulse = .............................................. [3]

(b) Define impulse in terms of force and time.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The athlete takes 1.2 s to slow down from a speed of 10.0 m / s to a speed of 4.0 m / s.

Calculate the average resultant force applied to the athlete as she slows down.

force = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 6]

6 The diagram shows a cliff edge with water below it.

 8

A ball falls over the edge of the cliff. The mass of the ball is 160 g. The height of the cliff is 115 m.

(a) Calculate the vertical speed of the ball as it hits the water. Air resistance can be ignored.

speed = .............................................. [3]

(b) Calculate the vertical momentum of the ball as it hits the water.

momentum = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 5]

7 The diagram shows a train.

 9

The total mass of the train and its passengers is 750 000 kg. The train is travelling at a speed of
84 m / s. The driver applies the brakes and the train takes 80 s to slow down to a speed of 42 m / s.

(a) Calculate the impulse applied to the train as it slows down.

impulse = .............................................. [3]

(b) Calculate the average resultant force applied to the train as it slows down.

force = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 5]

8 In terms of the momentum of molecules, explain how a gas exerts pressure on the walls of its
container.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

9 The diagram shows a shooting competition, where air rifles fire soft metal pellets at distant targets.
 10

When an air rifle is fired, it exerts an impulse of 0.019 N s on the pellet.

–4
The pellet has a mass of 1.1 × 10 kg.

(a) Determine the speed with which the pellet leaves the rifle.

speed = .............................................. [2]

(b) Determine the kinetic energy of the pellet as it leaves the rifle.

kinetic energy = .............................................. [3]

[Total: 5]