EXERCISE 8.

1
BASIC

1. A function f(x) is defined as [-x-6, if x*3 Show that f(x) is

continuous
; if x = 3
at x=3.
x-9
2. Afunction f(r) is defined as f(x) = f x * 3.Show that f()is continuous at x=3.
6 ; if x=3
[-1 ; for x*1
3. If f(x) = -1 Find whether f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
2 ; for x=1

sin 3x
when x0
4. If f(x) = Find whether f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
1 , when x=0

5. If f) =e1,, ifif xe 0 Find whether f is continuous at x = 0.

x=0
1
when x*0
6. Let f(x) = Show that f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
1 , when x=0

7. Show that f(x) -|x, when x*0 is discontinuous at x = 0.

,when x=0

|x-a| when x*a

8. Show that f(x) = -a is discontinuous at x= a.
1 , when x=a
J1+x² if 0sxs1
9. Show that f(x) - is discontinuous at x = 1.
2-x if x>1

10. Examine the continuity of the function f()

[3x -2 , xs0 at x =0.
,X>0
Also sketch the graph of this function.
X X>0

1. Discuss the continuity of the function f(r) = 1, x=0 at the point x=0.
-X, x<0

,0sx<1/2
12. Discuss the continuity of the furnction f(r) =1/2 x=1/2 at the point x =1/2.
1-x , 1/2 <xs1

13. Discuss the continuity of f(x) at x=0. [CBSE 2002]

8.16 MATHEMATICS-XI

[-1
14. For what value of kis the function f() =Bx-1 continuous at x=1?
k , x =1
|-3x+ 2 if x*1
15. Determine the value of the constant kso that the function f(x) = x-1
, if x=1
is continuous at x=1
if 0 sx s1
16. Iff (x) = Show thatf is continuous at x = 1.
3
|2r-3x + . ifl<xs2

17. Prove thatf(x) = is discontinuous atx= 0.

X=0

2x +k, if x 2 0
18. If f() = - 2x +k , if x < 0 then what should be the value of k so that f (1) is

continuousat x = 0.
if x s 0
19. For what value of Ais the function f () continuous at r =02
** Tx >0
What about continuity at x=+1? INCERTI
[2x +1; ifx<2
20. For what value of k is the function f (x) = k x=2 continuous at x = 2?
3x-1; x>2
|CBSE 2008|
sin 5x
, if x0
21. For what value of k is the function f(x) = 3x continuous at x=0?
k , if x=0
if xs2
22. Determine the value of the constant k so that the function f(x) is
if x>2

continuous at x =2. INCERT]

sin 2x
if x 0
23. Determine the value of the constant k so that the function f(z) = 51 is
k if x=0
continuous at x =0. |CBSE 2007|
24. Find the values of aso that the function f(*) = [ax +5 if xs2 is continuous at x =2.
r-1. if x>2
[CBSE 2002]
BASED ON LOTS

25. Discuss the continuity of the following functions at the indicated point(s):

() f) |x cos)x*0 at x=0 INCERTEXEMPLARI

0 ,X=0
 8.17
CONTINUITY

(ii) f(x) sin).a0 at x = 0 (ii)

0
,x*at x=4
X=0
0

e*-1
if x* 0 at x= 0 (v) f(x) =1-x neN at x=1
(iv) f(*) =log (1 +21)
7 if x =0 n-1 , x=1

-1| for x 1 at x = 1 (vii) f(x) =

2|x|+*?- , I 0 at x=0
(vi) f(x) x-1
2 , for x =1 ,x=0

, for x#a [NCERTEXEMPLAR]

at x=a
for x =a

remains discontinuous at x = 0,
26. Prove that the function f(x)
x=0

regardless the choice ofk. INCERT EXEMPLAR]

k cos x , x*/2
27. Find the value of kiffr) is continuous at x= n/2, where f(x) = n-2x
3 X= t/2
[NCERTI
sin 2x X0
continuous at x=0?
28. For what value of kis the functionf(x) =
x=0
2x +3 sin x findf(0).
29. If f () = 3r+2ein # O1S Continuous at x = 0, then
1- cos 4x
when x # 0
30. Find the value ofk for which f (x) = 812 is continuousat x =0.
k when x = 0
[CBSE 2000 C, 2017, NCERT EXEMPLAR]
31. In each of the following, find the value of the constant k so that the given function is
continuous at the indicated point:
1- cos 2kx if x # 0
at x=0
() f(1)
8, if x = 0

if x #1
(ü) f() Jr-1) tan 2 at x=1
k. if x =1

- 2*) , if x < 0 at x=0 INCERTI

(iiüi) f() cos X ,
if x 2 0

(iv) f(x) =kr +1 , if x sn at x=T INCERT]

cos x , if x > t
 MATHEMATICS-XII
8.18

[kx +1 , if x s 5 at x=5
(v) f() 3x -5, if x > 5
-25
,x5 at x =5 (CBSE 2007]
(vi) f (*) = x-5
k , x=5

(vi) f()-Jkr,r1 at x=1 [CBSE 2007]

|4 ,x<1

(viii) f() =k(r*+2), if x s0 at x =0. [CBSE 2010]

3x +1 , if x > 0

[x+x-16x +20 (NCERT EXEMPLAR]

at x = 2.
(ix) f (*) = (x-2)?
k X=2
32. Find the values of a and bso that the function f given by
1, if xs3
f (x) = ax +b, if 3 <x <5 is continuous at x = 3andx 5. [CBSE 2013]
7, if x25
33. Find the relationship between 'a' and 'b' so that the function 'f'defined by
ax +1,if xs3 [CBSE 2011]
f(1)= |bx +3, if x> 3 is continuous at x =3.
34. If the functions f (x), defined below is continuous at xtx=0, find the value of k:
1 - cos 2x
, x<0
2x
f(x) = k X=0 [CBSE 2010)

BASED ON HOTS
sin 3x
tan 2x
, if x<0
3
35. Show that f(x) = , if x=0 is continuous at x=0
log (1 + 3x) , if x>0
ezr-1
36. Find the value of 'a for which the function f defined by
|a sin (* +1), xs0
f(x) = is continuous at x = 0. [CBSE 2011]
tan x - sin x
,X>0
3
37. Determine the values of a, b, c for which the function
sin (a +1) x+ sin x for x <0

f(x) = for x = 0 is continuous at x = 0.

yx+ bx - r for x >0

by3/2
CONTINUITY 8.19

|1-cos kx 0

38. If f() = is continuous at x=0, findk. INCERT EXEMPLARI

x-4 if x<4
+a
|x-4
39. If f(x) = a+b , if x=4 is continuous at x=4, find a. b. [NCERT EXEMPLAR]
x-4
+b , if r>4
|x-4|

40. Let f () = log(1+-log(1 X

x* 0. Find the value of fat x =0so thatf becomes
continuous at x =0.
2*+2 -16 if x + 2
41. Iff (x) 4* -16 is continuous at x = 2, find k. INCERT EXEMPLAR]
k , if x 2

cos x-sin x-1

42. If f (x) = is continuous at x = 0, find k.
Ja+1-1
k
1- cos7(x- n) at the
43. Extend the definition of the following by continuity f () = 5(x -)?
point x =I
44. Discuss the continuity of the f () at the indicated points:
(1) f() = |x|+|x-1| at x = 0,1.
(ii) f (*) =|x-1|+|x+1| at x = -1,1. INCERT EXEMPLAR]

1-sinx
if x<*2
3 cos
45. Let f (*) = a if x = Iff (*) is continuous at x=, find aand b.
b(1- sin x)
ifx>
(r- 2x)? 2
[CBSE 2008, 2016]
ANSWERS

3. Continuous 4. Discontinuous 5. Discontinuous 10. Discontinuous

11. Discontinuous 12. Continuous 13. Discontinuous 14. 2
15. -1 18. k is any real number.
19. There is no value of for which it is continuous at x = 0. Atx =+1, f (3) is continuous
20. k =5 21. 5/3 22. 3/4 23. 2/5
24. -2 25. (1) Continuous (ü) Continuous (ii) Continuous
(iv) Discontinuous (v) Discontinuous (vi) Discontinuous (vii) Discontinuous
27. 6 28. 2 29. 1 30. 1
(vii) Continuous
8.20 MATHEMATICS-XII

31. (i) k = t2 (i) k=2 (iü) No value of k

(iv) k 2

(vi) k= 10 (vii) k = 4 (viii) k =1/2 (ix) k =7

5
32. a = 3, b =-8 33. 3a - 36 = 2 34. k = 1 36.

37.
.a+b
eR-t3,c 38. ±1 39. a = 1, b = -1

40. 41. 1/2 42. - 4 43. 49/10

ab
44. (i) Continuous, (ii) Continuous
45, a=;.b=4
HINTS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS
 EXERCISE 8.2
BASIC
sin x
x<0
1. Prove that the function f(*) = is everywhere continuous.
x+1 , x20
| * , x0
2. Discuss the continuity of the function f(3) =xl
x=0
3. Find the points of discontinuity, if any, of the following functions:
x-16, if x+ 2
(i) f9-:2x-2 if x *1
, if x=1 (ii) f(x) = x-2
16 if x =2

sin x
if x <0
sin 3x, if x*0
(ii) f(r) = (iv) f(x) =
2x +3, x20 4 if x=0

sin x [x+x+2x? ifx *0

+ cos x , if x 0
(v) f(r) (vi) f(x) = tan-x
if x= 0 if x =0
10
8.32 MATHEMATICS-XII

e*-1 if x+ 0 |x-3| if x 1
(vii) f(*) =log. (1 +2*) (vii) f() 3x,13
7 . if x=0 4 2 4 if x<1

[|x+3 if xs-3
(ix) f() =-2x ,if- 3 <x<3 |CBSE 2010|
|6x + 2 ,if x> 3

() f() =2 0-1, ,ifif xs1

x>1
INCERT]

2.x , if x<0
(xi) f(x) =
4x
0 if 0sxs1
, if x>1
lo INCERT]

cos x.
(xii) f(x) = JSn X- if x 0
INCERTI
1 -1 if x=0

-2 , if xs-1
(xiii) f(x) =2x if -1<r<1
INCERT}
2 , if x21
4. In the following, determine the value(s) of constant(s) involved in the definition so that the
given function is continuous:
sin 2x
() f() = 5x
if x* 0
(ii) [kx +5, if xs2
3k if x = 0 1x-1, if x> 2

, if x <0 2 , if xs3
(iv) f(x) = ax+9
x+b , if 3 <x <5
. ifx 25
4
, if xs-1
(v) f(r) =ax +b if-1<x<0
cos x ifx 2 0

1+px -1-px if-1 sx<0

(vi) f(r) = 2.x +1 | 3SE 2013, NCERT EXEMPLARI
if0srs1
I-2
5 if xs2
(vii) f) = ax +b . if 2<x<10 INCERT]
21 if x210
k cos x
n-2x
(vii) f() = 3
3 tan 2x 2 |CBSE 2010}
2x-T
CONTINUITY 8.33

BASED ON LOTS

if 0sx<1

5. The function f(x) = if 1sr< 2 is continuous on [0, o). Find the most
262 -4b if 2 sx<0
x
suitable values of a and b.
6. Find the values of a and bso that the function f (x) defined by
x+ av2 sin x , if 0sx <N4
f() = 2x cot x+b if 4Sx<n/2 becomes continuous on [0, n
a cos 2x -b sin x if 2SxSn

x+ ax +b, 0sx<2
7. The function f(x) is defined byf (x) =3x +2 2sxs4.Iff is continuous on
2ax + 5b ,4<xS8

[0, 8], find the values of a and b.

[2x-1, if x<2
8. Discuss the continuity of the function f(x) = 3x . if x22
2
sin x
, x<0
9. Prove that f() =x is everywhere continuous.
x+1 , x20

10. sin , x* 0a continuous function? INCERT]

X=0
BASED ON HOTS

tan
11. If f (*) = for x4, find the value which can be assigned to f (x) at x=n/4
cot 2:x
so that the function f (*) becomes continuous every where in [0, /2].
12. Discuss the continuity of f(*) =sin| x|. [NCERT]
13. Show that the function g(x) =x - lis discontinuous at all integral points. Here [xj denotes
the greatest integer function. INCERTI
14. Discuss the continuity of the following functions:
(i) f(x) = sin x + cos x (ü) f (x) = sin x- cos x (ii) f (x) = sin x cos x [NCERTI
15. Show thatf (x) =cos x is acontinuous function. ÍNCERTI
16. Show thatf (x) =| cos x\ isa continuous function. INCERTI
17. Find all the points of discontinuity off defined byf (x) =|x|-|x+1| INCERTI

18. Given the function f(r) =.Find the points of discontinuity of the functionff().
INCERTEXEMPLAR]
8.34 MATHEMATICS-XII

19. Find all point of discontinuity of the function J(0)2 where t=

[NCERT EXEMPLAR]
ANSWERS
2, Discontinuous at x =0
3. (i) x =1 (iüi) x=2 (iii) x=0 (iv) x = 0 (v) x=0
(vi) x=0 (vii) x =0 (vii) Nowhere discontinuous
(ix) Discontinuous at x = 3 (x) Discontinuous at x =1
(xi) Discontinuous at x =1 (xii) Everywhere continuous
(xiii) Everywhere continuous 4. (i) k=(ii) k=-2
15
(ii)) No value of kcan makef (iv) a=7/2, b = - 17/2 (v) a =3, b=1
(vi) p=-1/2 (vii) a = 2, b = 1 (viii) 6 5. 4 =-1,b=l or a =l, b =1 t2
6, 4 = T/6, b -n/12 7.a = 3, b =-2 8,Everywhere continuous.
10. Continuous
n) 12, Everywhere continuous

14. (i) Everywhere continuous (ü) Everywhere continuous

(ii) Everywhere continuous 17, No point of discontinuity
18, Discontinuous atx =-2 andr=-5/2 19, Discontinuous x=1/2, 1, 2.
HINTS TO SELECTED PROBLEN