Part-I: Pre-task

What is your nickname? _____________________________

Where do you live? _____________________________

Where is your hometown? _____________________________

What is the name of your first school? _____________________________

What is your favorite color? _____________________________

Whatever you’ve written here is a noun. Noun is a naming word, so all of our names are nouns,
names of the places are nouns, and names of institutions are nouns as well. Now, you have to collect
as many nouns as possible. How do we? Just talk to your friends and collect their names, hometown,
school, etc. Try to write down full sentences instead of words. (For example: My name is Anika.
Anika lives in Banani. Rabbi’s hometown is in Gazipur. Farabi is a student.)

Now, try to underline the nouns and count how many you have. Write all the nouns on a piece of
paper and keep it with you. Don’t lose it! It might help you later ☺.

Nouns:
1. 9.

2. 10.

3. 11.

4. 12.

5. 13.

6. 14.

7. 15.

8. 16.

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 Part-II: Grammar
We know letters. For example, A, B, C, A, Av, B etc. Actually, these are symbols and written
expressions of a particular language. We also know that a group of letters can make a meaningful
word. Again, a group of words make a sentence or speech (A complete expression).

For example, if someone asks your name, and suppose you replied, “My name is Samiha”. Here,
you used four words to make a complete speech, and every word is a part of your speech. For
example, the name, “Samiha” is a noun, and Noun is a part of speech. Let’s see what else we have
in parts of speech ☺ ☺ .
Parts of Speech:
Three little words you often see
Are ARTICLES: a, an, and the.

A NOUN's the name of anything, CONJUNCTIONS join the words together,

As: Samiha or School, toy, or swing. As: men and women, wind or weather.

ADJECTIVES describe the noun, PREPOSITIONS stand before

As: great, small, pretty, white, or brown. a noun as: in or through a door.

VERBS tell of something being done: INTERJECTIONS show surprise

To read, write, count, sing, jump, or run. As: Oh, how pretty! Ah! how wise!

Adverbs tell us how things are done, The whole is called PARTS of SPEECH,
As: slowly, quickly, badly, well. Which reading, writing, speaking teach.

Overview of Parts of Speech:

Part of speech Definition Some examples Sentences

people, places, Danish, cat, Tommy The Sun shines.

Noun things, (and garden, song, teacher, Danish goes to school.
animals) table, dream, school
replace nouns I, we, he, she, its, me, Johny is hungry. He wants to
Pronouns my, this, those, us, eat. It is his favorite work.
who, whom, you
show action or Run, go, have, invite, The dog and cat are
Verbs being laughed, listen, playing, running.
singing, walk Danish goes to school.
describe angry, brave, healthy, It is a brown dog. She is
Adjectives Nouns/ little, old, red, smart, fat. We have a big garden.
Pronouns two
describe verbs, Badly, fully, nearly, Naima runs quickly, but
Adverbs adjectives and never, quickly, silently, she eats very slowly.
other adverbs well, very, really, Emu is so crazy.
almost

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 Articles signal that a a, an & the The dog is cute. I have an
noun is going to iphone. It is a classroom.
follow.
show the Above, before, from, in, I am going to my garden.
relationship near, of, since, He returned from school.
Prepositions between words between, upon, with, Dhaka is the capital of
in a sentence. to, at, after, on Bangladesh.
connect words, and, or, but, so, after, I was tired, so I went to
phrases, before, unless, either, sleep.
Conjunctions clauses or neither, because, Promi and Saif are good
sentences students.
exclamations Aha! Gosh! Great! Hey! Oops! I forgot to bring my
Interjections that express Hi! Hooray! Oh! Oops! pen.
strong feelings Phew! Ouch! Well! Hurrah! Bangladesh won
the match.

Prefix: letters added before the noun; Suffix: letters added after the noun
Noun: Common Suffixes to
form noun
A noun is the part of speech that names a person, place, thing, or
-tion : caltivation
idea. In sentences, nouns generally function as subjects or as objects
-sion : decision
-dom : wisedom
Material nouns are names of
materials or substances out of Collective nouns are words -hood : childhood
which things are made. They can used to name groups of -ment : management
be natural or man-made raw people, animals, or things. E.g.
-er : anger
materials. E.g. gold, silver, milk, herd, swarm, crowd, army,
honey, cheese, brick, cement, committee, jury, etc -or : actor
etc -ness : happiness
-age : breakage
Common nouns names any Proper Nouns names a -ance : maintenance
person, place or idea. particular person, place or -mony : matrimony
Common nouns are often thing. Proper nouns begin with
-tude : servitude
preceded by a, an or the. capital letters.
-ry : dispensary
Example: popcorn, girl, city, Example: Shahid, Dhaka, -ence : innocence
home, name, room, dog, cat, Jamuna, Tommy, -cy : accuracy
school, light, fish, fruit, etc. Bangladesh, Dhaka
University, Rolex, Ford, etc. -ice : service
-th : truth
-let : booklet
Concrete nouns name things
Abstract nouns refer to an -ock : bullock
that we can see, taste, smell,
idea, state, or quality. We can’t -ty : casualty
hear or touch
use our 5 sense: see, taste,
smell, hear or touch -ure : pleasure
Examples: Person – man,
Examples: – love, Mrs. Jones, doctor, Maddie -y : victory
intelligence, justice Place – river, Paris,
Emotion – happiness, anger, mountains, home
excitement Thing – dog, book, sports car

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Exercise 1.1: Underline on the words that are the type of noun in bold:
1. Concrete - dish ... intelligence ... cats ... creativity ... book
2. Abstract- anger ... career ... thunder ... sailboat ... wind
3. Concrete- noodles ... Mars ... speed ... weasels ... fear
4. Abstract- castle ... cellphone ... emotion ... leaf ... enjoyment
5. Concrete- necklace ... pliers ... friendship ... job ... carrots
6. Collective - joke ... bouquet ... bunch ... dish ... mug
7. Material - leather ... cow ... meat ... sheep... wool
8. Collective - freedom ... army ... basketball ... band ... city
9. Material - iron ... water ... truck ... silk ... corolla ... motorcycle
10. Collective - Government ... person ... family ... doctor ... staff
11. Proper - city ... dhanmondi ... town ... village ... paris ... new york
12. Proper - sabiha ... student ... character ... jahan ... boy ... mrs. fariha
13. Proper - star ... mars ... planet ... earth ... middle east ... keokradong
14. Proper - shirt ... levis ... nike ... jeans ... tennis shoes ... dress
15. Proper - rocky mountains ... bay ... banana river ... inlet ... atlantic ocean ... continent

Singular vs. Plural Nouns:

► Definition: Singular means only one. Plural means more than one. The basic rule is to
add s to make a noun plural.
► There are many irregular nouns that add es. There are several rules to remember when
spelling plural nouns. The rules are based on the letters at the end of the words. They are
earlier to remember in categories.
Rule Examples

Most nouns Add s to form the plural. cat ⇒ cats truck ⇒ trucks book
⇒ books
Nouns that Add es to form the plural. Hint:It is too bus ⇒ buses brush ⇒
end hard to pronounce the words without brushes fox ⇒ foxes
in s, sh, x, the e. Try it – buss, brushs, foxs... you
ch, or z sound like a snake.

Nouns Some nouns ending in fe and some roof ⇒ roofs safe ⇒ safes shelf
ending nouns ending in f just add s. Some ⇒ shelves wife ⇒ wives
in f or fe nouns that end in fe or f change
the for fe to v and add es. Hint: Check
a dictionary if you are unsure which
rule a noun follows.

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Exercise 1.2: Choose the best plural form for every noun.
01. monster glass calf movie
monsters glasss calfs movies
monsteres glasses calves moviees
02. brush chief giraffe pencil
brushs chiefs giraffes pencils
brushes chieves giraves penciles
03. switch cookie shelf candle
switchs cookies shelfs candles
switches cookiees shelves candlees
04. angel box leaf teapot
angels boxes leafs teapots
angeles boxs leaves teapotes
05. dish scarf airplane tree
dishs scarfs airplanes trees
dishes scarves airplanees treees

Some more rules*:

Rule Examples
Nouns that end Add s to form the plural. donkey ⇒ donkeys monkey
in vowel + y ⇒ monkeys
Nouns that end Add s to form the plural. oreo ⇒ oreos
in vowel + o
Nouns that end Change the y to i and add es to family ⇒ families trophy ⇒ trophies
in consonant + y form the plural.
Nouns that end Easy rule: Usually add es except Regular examples:
in consonant + o for musical terms. potato ⇒ potatoes tomato ⇒
tomatoes piano ⇒ pianos soprano
⇒ sopranos
•Exceptions: Exception examples: taco ⇒
•Words from foreign languages tacos kimono ⇒ kimonos Eskimo
including musical terms add s. ⇒ Eskimos Picasso
•Words that are proper nouns ⇒ Picassos photo (photograph)
simply add s.
⇒ photos kilo (kilogram)
•Words that are short forms of
⇒ kilos memo (memorandum)
longer words simply add s.
⇒ memos

* Hint: Are you confused yet? The easiest way to handle these is to memorize the short list of
nouns that must have es or to just add es to words with consonant o except foreign words.

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Count vs. Non-count Nouns

Count nouns Non-count nouns

Count nouns can be counted in We can use the help of other words to express a specific
numbers. amount of non-count nouns.
example: example:
1 apple, 3 apples a bottle of water
1 man, 2 men 2 bottles of water
a bowl of rice
a grain of rice
a strand of hair

Count nouns have plural forms However, non-count nouns cannot be counted in
apple=>apples numbers. They also do not have plural forms in
watch=>watches grammar.
man=>men 3 waters
3 bottles of waters
2 plates of rices

The articles that are sometimes used The only article that can sometimes be used with non-
with count nouns are: count nouns are “the”
Singular count nouns: a, an
Plural count nouns: the

Some nouns can be both count and non-count, but they will behave like either one according to
the context they are in.
Example:
· He bought a cake for me. (here ‘cake’ is count)
· A lot of cake was eaten by us. (here ‘cake’ is non-count)
· There is some juice on the table. (juice = drink/liquid)
· There are some juices on the table. (juices = different types of juices)

More examples of commonly used non-count nouns

Food and Abstract Activities Fields of study Solids, minerals Amorphous

drink nouns and materials nouns

Water Happiness Archery Advertising Wool Gas

milk Research Jogging Biology Coal Snow

coffee Information Tennis Engineering wood Rain

cheese Justice soccer Mathematics Gold Steam

beef advice Bowling Economics Lead electricity

cake Sadness Hockey History Soap air

sugar Jealousy Basketball Law Steel Hydrogen

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 rice Swimming Glass Smoke

flour Reading Silver oxygen

Boating cotton

Acting plastic

Exercise 1.3:
Write if the nouns in bold are count (C) or non count (N):
1. We need some glue to fix this vase.
2. My father drinks two big glasses of water every morning.
3. I don't like milk.
4. Some policemen are organizing road traffic to avoid any accidents.
5. I'd like some juice please.
6. The exercises on this website are interesting.
7. Dehydrated babies must drink a lot of water.
8. Successful candidates will join the camp later this year.
9. I met some nice people when I was walking along the beach.
10. The bread my mother prepares is delicious.

Part-III: Reading
Hello, I am Samiha Nujhat. Today, I’m going to talk about Mexico. It is located in North America.
Mexico is one of my favorite vacation places. I really like the weather there because it never gets
cold. The people are very nice too. They never laugh at my bad English. The food is really good.
Mexico City is a very interesting place to visit. It has some great museums and lots of fascinating
old buildings. The hotels are too expensive to stay, but there are more affordable options. For
example, you can stay at one of the beach resorts like Mexico Beach Inn. If you are planning to
visit Mexico, you should definitely see the Mayan temples near Merida.
Exercise 1.4:
Identify which statement is correct

1. a) Samiha likes warm weather b) Samiha doesn't like warm weather at all
c) Samiha hates warm water d) Samiha likes cold weather
2. a) Her English is very good b) She speaks English very well
c) She is English d) She doesn't speak English very well

3. a) There's a lot to see and do in Mexico b) There aren't a lot of beautiful places in Mexico
c) Mexico is a dirty place d) Tourists never come to Mexico

4. a) Hotels are very cheap in Mexico b) The hotels aren't comfortable there
c) Hotels are all poor in Mexico d) The hotels in Mexico are pretty expensive
5. a) Mexico is a city in the USA b) Mexico is a beach city
c) Mexico is located in North America d) Mexico has only expensive hotels

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Last summer, we decided to spend our vacation at the beach because the weather was very hot
in the mountains. The travel agent said that traveling by bus was the cheapest way, but we went
by plane because it was faster. We wanted to have more time to spend at the beach. The weather
was beautiful, and we had a great time.

Exercise 1.5:

6. We decided to go to the beach because ----.

a) it was cheaper than going to the mountains
b) the travel agent said that it was the cheapest
c) of the hot weather in the mountains
d) we wanted to spend time at the beach

7. The bus was the ---- way to travel.

a) best b) easiest c) cheapest d) slowest

8. Traveling by plane was ---- than by bus.

a) more fun b) cheaper c) expensive d) faster

9. We ---- our vacation.

a) hated b) did not like c) enjoyed d) regretted

10. We had very ---- weather during our vacation.

a) good b) freezing c) terrible d) cold

Reading Fill in:

My name is Hans. I (1)---- a mechanic. I (2)---- in London, I (3)---- a brother and a sister. My sister
is a university student. She (4)---- medicine. She is going to be a doctor. My brother does not want
(5)---- to university, (6)----he wants to be a mechanic like me. He comes and (7)---- me in my shop
on Sundays. He hasn't finished his education yet. (8)---- his education, he is thinking of (9)---- with
me. We will (10)---- the business together.

Exercise 1.6: Fill the paragraph with the correct words from below.
1. is / are / am / do
2. believe / think / arrive / live
3. owns / learn / have / study
4. teach / learn / studies / uses
5. go / goes / went / to go
6. because / although / behind / during
7. works / helps / is angry with / shouts at
8. for / because / after / so
9. works / worked / to work / working
10. run / depart / put / wear

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 Part-IV: Common Mistakes
Much / Many / Lots / A Lot

We use the types of words above with Count or Non-count nouns:

01. Much = Non-count nouns
02. Many = Count Nouns
03. A lot/Lots of = Both
There is one other point to remember here. We mostly use Much/Many in a question or in a
negative answer. For a positive answer, we use Lots/A lot.

● There is too much smoke in this restaurant.

● There are too many people in this restaurant.

● Is there much snow on the mountain?

Yes, there is a lot of snow.
● Are there many people in the mountain?
No, there aren’t many people.

Common Mistakes in the Use of Non-Count Nouns

Incorrect: They have got lots of furnitures.

Correct: They have got lots of furniture.

Incorrect: Do you have the informations?

Correct: Do you have the information?

Incorrect: I heard these news in the morning.

Correct: I heard this news in the morning.

Incorrect: He asked me to pack my luggages.

Correct: He asked me to pack my luggage.

Incorrect: Can you give me your feedbacks on this topic?

Correct: Can you give me your feedback on this topic?

Incorrect: The softwares developed by Google are always free.

Correct: The software developed by Google is always free.

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Exercise 1.7: Fill the gaps with many/much:
01. ……………….. are called but few are chosen.
02. I have told you ……………. times that I do not like horror movies.
03. She does not have ……………. friends in town.
04. The writer is ……………… revered.
05. She does not have ……………. money.
06. How ……………. sugar is there?
07. I don’t have……………. hair, but I have……………. cars.
08. She has too ……………. corn and too ……………. cups.
09. I have too ……………. homework! And I do not have ……………. time to do it!
10. We do not have ……………. money, but we have ……………. friends!

Part-V: Writing
Writing Sentences with Various Kinds of Nouns:

Proper nouns: Rabbi, Farhana, Dhaka, Uttara, Mentors’, Islam, Bashundhara City, etc.
01. Rabbi likes to play football.
02. Dhaka is my favorite city.
03.
04.
05.
06.
Common nouns: city, school, park, restaurant, dog, science, teacher, fan, red, etc.
01. Red is my favorite color.
02. Dhaka is my favorite city.
03.
04.
05.
06.

Concrete nouns: Fan, air, light, fragrance, music, songs, sweets, etc.

01. We have a fan.

02. Fragrance of your perfume is wonderful.
03.

04.

05.

06.

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Abstract nouns: love, idea, intelligence, power, strength, imagination, memory, etc.

01. One good idea can change everything.

02. His strength can make him a champion athlete.
03.

04.

05.

06.

Count nouns: flag, chair, wristwatch, books, song, club, etc.

01. I bought three pens.

02. He has five cars.
03.

04.

05.

06.

Non-count nouns: furniture, steel, ice, wood, information, mail, etc.

01. He has a lot of furniture in his home.

02. He has given me some information.
03.

04.

05.

06.

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