EDULABS DIDACTIC

ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
TRAINER THREE PHASE LAB
(THREE PHASE STAR DELTA
SYSTEM TRAINER)
EE-30860

EXPERIMENTS MANUAL
THREE PHASE STAR DELTA SYSTEM TRAINER EE-30860

THREE-PHASE CIRCUIT

1.1 OBJECTIVE

When you have completed this exercise, you will know what three-phase circuits are and how to solve balanced
three-phase circuits connected in wye and delta configurations. You will also know the difference between line
and phase voltages, and line and phase currents, as well as the relationship between line and phase parameter
values in wye- and delta-connected three-phase circuits. You will know what the phase sequence of a three-
phase circuit is. You will have learned how to calculate the active power dissipated in each phase of three-phase
circuits, and how to calculate the total active power dissipated in a circuit. Finally, you will be able to use
voltage and current measurements to verify the theory and calculations presented in this exercise.

1.2 DISCUSSION OUTLINE

The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:

i. Introduction to polyphase systems and three-phase circuits
ii. Wye and delta configurations
iii. Distinction between line and phase voltages, and line and phase currents
iv. Power in balanced three-phase circuits

1.3 DISCUSSION

i. Introduction to polyphase systems and three-phase circuits

A polyphase system is basically an ac system composed of a certain number of single-phase ac systems having
the same frequency and operating in sequence. Each phase of a polyphase system (i.e., the phase of each single-
phase ac system) is displaced from the next by a certain angular interval. In any polyphase system, the value of
the angular interval between each phase depends on the number of phases in the system. This manual covers the
most common type of polyphase system, the three-phase system.

Three-phase systems, also referred to as three-phase circuits, are polyphase systems that have three phases, as
their name implies. They are no more complicated to solve than single-phase circuits. In the majority of cases,
three-phase circuits are symmetrical and have identical impedances in each of the circuit’s three branches
(phases). Each branch can be treated exactly as a single-phase circuit, because a balanced three-phase circuit is
simply a combination of three single-phase circuits. Therefore, voltage, current, and power relationships for
three-phase circuits can be determined using the same basic equations and methods developed for single-phase
circuits. Non-symmetrical, or unbalanced, three-phase circuits represent a special condition and their analysis is
more complex. Unbalanced three-phase circuits are not covered in detail in this manual.

A three-phase ac circuit is powered by three voltage sine waves having the same frequency and magnitude and
which are displaced from each other by 120°. The phase shift between each voltage waveform of a three-phase
ac power source is therefore 120° (360° / 3 phases). Figure 1 shows an example of a simplified three-phase

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generator (alternator) producing three-phase ac power. A rotating magnetic field produced by a rotating magnet
turns inside three identical coils of wire (windings) physically placed at a 120° angle from each other, thus
producing three separate ac voltages (one per winding). Since the generator’s rotating magnet turns at a fixed
speed, the frequency of the ac power that is produced is constant, and the three separate voltages attain the
maximal voltage value one after the other at phase intervals of 120°.

Figure 1: A simplified three-phase generator.

The phase sequence of the voltage waveforms of a three-phase ac power source indicates the order in which they
follow each other and attain the maximal voltage value. Figure 2 shows an example of the voltage waveforms
produced in a three-phase ac power source, as well as the phasor diagram related to the voltage waveforms. The
voltage waveforms and voltage phasors in Figure 2 follow the phase sequence E A, EB, and EC, which, when
written in shorthand form, is the sequence A-B-C. This phase sequence is obtained when the magnet in the
three-phase generator of Figure 1 rotates clockwise.

The phase sequence of a three-phase ac power source is important because it determines the direction of rotation
of any three-phase motor connected to the power source. If the phases are connected out of sequence, the motor
will turn in the opposite direction, and the consequences could be serious. For example, if a three-phase motor
rotating in the clockwise direction causes an elevator to go up, connecting the phase wires incorrectly to the
motor would cause the elevator to go down when it is supposed to go up, and vice-versa, which could result in a
serious accident.

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(a) Voltage waveforms produced in a three-phase ac power source

(b) Phasor diagram related to the voltage waveforms shown in (a)

Figure 2: A-B-C phase sequence of a three-phase ac power source.

ii. Wye and delta configurations

The windings of a three-phase ac power source (e.g., the generator in Figure 1) can be connected in either a wye
configuration, or a delta configuration. The configuration names are derived from the appearance of the circuit
drawings representing the configurations, i.e., the letter Y for the wye configuration and the Greek letter delta
(∆) for the delta configuration. The connections for each configuration are shown in Figure 3. Each type of
configuration has definite electrical characteristics.

As Figure 3a shows, in a wye-connected circuit, one end of each of the three windings (or phases) of the three-
phase ac power source is connected to a common point called the neutral. No current flows in the neutral

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because the currents flowing in the three windings (i.e., the phase currents) cancel each other out when the
system is balanced. Wye connected systems typically consist of three or four wires (these wires connect to
points A, B, C, and N in a), depending on whether or not the neutral line is present.

Figure 3b shows that, in a delta-connected circuit, the three windings of the three-phase ac power source are
connected one to another, forming a triangle. The three line wires are connected to the three junction points of
the circuit (points A, B, and C in b). There is no point to which a neutral wire can be connected in a three-phase
delta-connected circuit. Thus, delta-connected systems are typically three-wire systems.

(a) Three-phase wye configuration (b) Three-phase delta configuration

Figure 3: Types of three-phase system configurations.

iii. Distinction between line and phase voltages, and line and phase currents

The voltage produced by a single winding of a three-phase circuit is called the line-to-neutral voltage, or simply
the phase voltage, Ephase. In a wye-connected three-phase ac power source, the phase voltage is measured
between the neutral line and any one of points A, B, and C, as shown in a. This results in the following three
distinct phase voltages: EA-N, EB-N, and EC-N. The voltage between any two windings of a three-phase circuit is
called the line-to-line voltage, or simply the line voltage ELine. In a wye-connected three-phase ac power source,
the line voltage is √3 (approximately 1.73) times greater than the phase voltage (i.e. E Line = √3 Ephase, ). In a delta-
connected three-phase ac power source, the voltage between any two windings is the same as the voltage across
the third winding of the source (i.e. ELine = Ephase ), as shows Figure 3b. In both cases, this results in the following
three distinct line voltages: EA-B, EB-C, and EC-A.

The three line wires (wires connected to points A, B, and C) and the neutral wire of a three-phase power system
are usually available for connection to the load, which can be connected in either a wye configuration or a delta
configuration. The two types of circuit connections are illustrated in Figure 4. Circuit analysis demonstrates that
the voltage (line voltage) between any two line wires, or lines, in a wye-connected load is √3 times greater than
the voltage (phase voltage) across each load resistor. Furthermore, the line current ILine flowing in each line of
the power source is equal to the phase current Iphase flowing in each load resistor. On the other hand, in a delta-

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connected load, the voltage (phase voltage) across each load resistor is equal to the line voltage of the source.
Also, the line current is √3 times greater than the current (phase current) in each load resistor. The phase current
in a delta-connected load is therefore √3 times smaller than the line current.

(a) Wye-connected load (b) Delta-connected load

Figure 4: Types of load connections.

The relationships between the line and phase voltages and the line and phase currents simplify the analysis of
balanced three phase circuits. A shorthand way of writing these relationships is given below.

 In wye-connected circuits:
ELine = √3 Ephase and ILine = Iphase

 In delta-connected circuits:
ELine = Ephase and ILine = √3Iphase

iv. Power in balanced three-phase circuits

The formulas for calculating active, reactive, and apparent power in balanced three-phase circuits are the same
as those used for single-phase circuits. Based on the formula for power in a single-phase circuit, the active
power dissipated in each phase of either a wye- or delta-connected load is equal to:

-------------------------------- (1)
where
Pphase is the active power dissipated in each phase of a three-phase circuit, expressed in watts (W)
Ephase is the phase voltage across each phase of a three-phase circuit, expressed in volts (V)
Iphase is the phase current flowing in each phase of a three-phase circuit, expressed in amperes (A)
ϕ is the angle between the phase voltage and current in each phase of a three-phase circuit, expressed in degrees
(°)

Therefore, the total active power PT dissipated in a three-phase circuit is equal to:

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--------------------------- (2)

where PT is the total active power dissipated in a three-phase circuit, expressed in watts (W)
In purely resistive three-phase circuits, the voltage and current are in phase, which means that equals 1.
Therefore, the total active power PT dissipated in purely resistive three-phase circuits is equal to:

1.3 PROCEDURE OUTLINE

The Procedure is divided into the following sections:

1.3.1 Phase and line voltage measurements in the Power Supply
1.3.2 Voltage, current, and power measurements in a wye-connected circuit
1.3.3 Voltage, current, and power measurements in a delta-connected circuit

1.3 PROCEDURE

1.3.1 Phase and line voltage measurements in the Power Supply

In this section, you will measure the phase voltages of the three-phase ac power source. You will measure the line
voltages of the three-phase ac power source in the Power Supply. You will then calculate the ratio of the average
line voltage to the average phase voltage and confirm that the ratio is equal to √3.

1. Set up the circuit shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Phase and line voltage measurements.

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Figure 5: Wiring diagram for phase voltage measurements.

2. Connect the test lead set according to Figure 5.0.

3. Turn ON the Power Switch Measure and record below the phase voltages of the three-phase ac power
source and determine the average value of the line voltages.

V L1 to N (E 1-N) (2U1 – 2U2) = _____Vrms

V L2 to N (E 2-N) (2V1 – 2V2) = _____Vrms

V L3 to N (E3-N) (2W1 – 2W2) = _____Vrms

V L-N Avg. = _____Vrms

Figure 6: Phase voltage measurements

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Expected Result:

V L1 to N (E 1-N) (2U1 – 2U2) = 18.81Vrms

(18.20Vrms – Elton 20.09.2024)

V L2 to N (E 2-N) (2V1 – 2V2) = 18.77Vrms

(18.57Vrms – Elton 20.09.2024)

V L3 to N (E3-N) (2W1 – 2W2) = 19.15Vrms

(18.77Vrms – Elton 20.09.2024)

V L-N Avg. = 18.91Vrms

(18.51Vrms – Elton 20.09.2024)

Figure 6: Phase voltage measurements

4. Turn OFF the Power Switch.

5. Modify the connections to the voltage inputs to measure the line voltages of the three-phase ac power
source.

6. Connect the test lead set according to Figure 8,

7. Make sure all 3 Neutral terminals (2U2, 2V2 and 2W2) must be connected together.

8. Measure and record below the line voltages (L1-L2, L2-L3 & L3-L1) of the three-phase ac power source
and determine the average value of the line voltages.

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Figure 7: Wiring diagram for line voltage measurements.

V L1 to L2 (E 1-2) (2U1 – 2V1) = _____Vrms

V L2 to L3 (E 2-3) (2V1 – 2W1) = _____Vrms

V L3 to L1 (E3-1) (2W1 – 2U1) = _____Vrms

V L-N Avg. = _____Vrms

Figure 8: Line voltage measurements

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Expected Result:

V L1 to N (E 1-2) (2U1 – 2V1) = 32.32Vrms

(31.70Vrms – Elton 23.09.2024)

V L2 to N (E 2-3) (2V1 – 2W1) = 33.05Vrms

(32.60Vrms – Elton 23.09.2024)

V L3 to N (E3-1) (2W1 – 2U1) = 33.01Vrms

(32.00Vrms – Elton 23.09.2024)

V L-N Avg. = 32.79Vrms

(32.10Vrms – Elton 23.09.2024)

Figure 8: Line voltage measurements

6. Calculate the ratio of the average line voltage VL-L to the average phase voltage VL-N.

32.79/18.91 = 1.73 (√3)

(32.10Vrms /18.51Vrms = 1.73 (√3) – Elton 23.09.2024)

7. Is the ratio of the average line voltage VL-L to the average phase voltage VL-N calculated in the previous step
approximately equal to √3?

Yes No
(Yes – Elton 23.09.2024)

Expected Result:

Yes

1.3.2 Voltage, current, and power measurements in a wye-connected circuit

In this section, you will set up a wye-connected, three-phase circuit using three load resistors. You will measure
the phase voltages and currents in the circuit, as well as the circuit line voltage and neutral line current. You will
confirm that the load is balanced and that the ratio between the line voltage and the average phase voltage in the
circuit is equal to √3. You will verify that the current flowing in the neutral line is equal to zero and that removing

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the neutral line does not affect the measured voltages and currents. You will then calculate the active power
dissipated in each phase of the circuit and the total active power dissipated in the circuit using the measured phase
voltages and currents. Finally, you will calculate the total active power dissipated in the circuit using the
measured average phase voltage and current, and compare the two calculated total active power values.

1. Set up the wye-connected, resistive, three-phase circuit shown in Figure 9.

Figure 9: Wye-connected, three-phase circuit supplying power to a three-phase resistive load.

2. Set each resistance section to resistance value for experiments. Set all (3) three sets Slide Switches (S1, S2 and
S3) of three switches (4, 2 and 1) for each resistor in ON state (R1=99.3Ω, R2=100.1Ω, R3=99.2Ω)

Positions Positions Positions

No
S1 S2 S3 R1 R2 R3
SW1 SW2 SW3 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW1 SW2 SW3 (Ω) (Ω) (Ω)
(4) (2) (1) (4) (2) (1) (4) (2) (1)
0 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF - - -
1 OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON 509.2 507.4 504.9
2 OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF 329.7 330.0 330.2
3 OFF ON ON OFF ON ON OFF ON ON 200.0 201.0 199.8
4 ON OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF OFF 197.0 199.7 197.1
5 ON OFF ON ON OFF ON ON OFF ON 142.0 144.1 141.7
6 ON ON OFF ON ON OFF ON ON OFF 123.7 125.1 123.5
7 ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON 99.3 100.1 99.2

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Figure 10.1: Wiring diagram For Wye-connected, three-phase circuit to a three-phase resistive of load R1.

Figure 10.2: Wiring diagram For Wye-connected, three-phase circuit to a three-phase resistive of load R2.

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Figure 10.3: Wiring diagram For Wye-connected, three-phase circuit to a three-phase resistive of load R3.

3. Turn ON the three-phase ac power source, measure and record below the voltages and current in the circuit of
Figure 10, then turn OFF the three-phase ac power source.

Phase Voltages and Phase Currents:

V1 (E1) = _____Vrms
V2 (E2) = _____Vrms
V3 (E3) = _____Vrms
V1-2 (E4) = _____Vrms (Eline)
I1 = _____Arms
I2 = _____Arms
I3 = _____Arms
IN = _____Arms

Figure 11: Phase voltages and currents measurements

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Expected Result:

Phase Voltages and Phase Currents:

V1 (E1) = 18.51Vrms
(17.9Vrms – Elton 23.09.2024)
V2 (E2) = 18.54Vrms
(18.1Vrms – Elton 23.09.2024)
V3 (E3) = 18.77Vrms
(18.4Vrms – Elton 23.09.2024)
V1-2 (E4) = 31.81Vrms (Eline)
(31.7Vrms – Elton 23.09.2024)

I1 = 182.7mArms
Figure 11: Phase voltages and currents measurements (181.1mArms – Elton 23.09.2024)
I2 = 182.8mArms
(184.1mArms – Elton 23.09.2024)
I3 = 184.6mArms
(185.2mArms – Elton 23.09.2024)
IN = 0.001Arms
(0.00Arms – Elton 23.09.2024)

4. Compare the individual load voltages V1, V2, and V3 measured in the previous step. Are they approximately
equal?

Yes No
Expected Result:

Yes
(YES – Elton 23.09.2024)

5. Does this mean that the three-phase load is balanced?

Yes No

Expected Result:

Yes
(YES – Elton 23.09.2024)

6. Calculate the average phase voltage using the phase voltages recorded in step 3.

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Ephase = (18.51+18.54+18.77)/3 = 18.61Vrms

Ephase = (17.9+ 18.1+ 18.4)/3 = 18.13Vrms (Elton 23.09.2024)

7. Is the ratio of the line voltage Eline to the average phase voltage Ephase approximately equal to √3 ?

Yes No

Expected Result:

Yes 31.81 / 18.61 = 1.71 (≈√3)

YES 31.70/18.13 = 1.74 (≈√3) (Elton 23.09.2024)

8. Is the current flowing in the neutral line approximately equal to zero?

Yes No

Expected Result:

Yes
(YES – Elton 23.09.2024)

9. Disconnect the neutral line, then turn ON the three-phase ac power source. Does disconnecting the neutral line
affect the measured voltages and currents indicated in the Metering window ?

Yes No

Expected Result:

No
(NO – Elton 23.09.2024)

10. Is the neutral line required in a balanced, wye-connected, three-phase circuit?

Yes No

Expected Result:

No
(NO – Elton 23.09.2024)

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11. Calculate the active power dissipated in each phase of the circuit and the total active power dissipated in the
circuit using the voltages and currents recorded in step 3.

PR1 = 18.51 X 0.1827 = 3.381W

PR1 = 17.9 X 0.1811 = 3.341W (Elton 23.09.2024)

PR2 = 18.54 X 0.1828 = 3.389W

PR1 = 18.1 X 0.1841 = 3.332W (Elton 23.09.2024)

PR3 = 18.77 X 0.1846 = 3.464W

PR1 = 18.4 Vrms X 0.1852 = 3.407W (Elton 23.09.2024)

PT = PR1 + PR2 + PR3 = 3.381 + 3.389 + 3.464 = 10.234W

12. Calculate the average phase current using the phase currents Iphase recorded in step 3.

Expected Result:

Average Iphase = (0.1827 + 0.1828 + 0.1846) / 3 = 0.1834A

13. Calculate the total active power dissipated PT in the circuit using the average phase voltage Ephase and current
Iphase, and compare the result with the total active power calculated in step 11. Are both values approximately
equal?

Yes No

Expected Result:

PT = 3 (18.61 X 0.1834) = 3 X 3.413W = 10.239W

Yes

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1.3.3 Voltage, current, and power measurements in a delta-connected circuit

In this section, you will set up a delta-connected, three-phase circuit using three load resistors. You will measure
the phase voltages and currents in the circuit. You will then modify the circuit in order to measure the line
currents in the circuit. You will confirm that the load is balanced and that the ratio between the average line
current and the average phase current in the circuit is equal to √3. You will then calculate the active power
dissipated in each phase of the circuit and the total active power dissipated in the circuit using the measured phase
voltages and currents. Finally, you will calculate the total active power dissipated in the circuit using the
measured average phase voltage and current, and compare the two calculated total active power values .

14. Set up the delta-connected, resistive, three-phase circuit shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12: Delta-connected, three-phase circuit supplying power to a three-phase resistive load.

15. Set each resistance section to resistance value for experiments. Set all (3) three sets Slide Switches (S1, S2
and S3) of three switches (4, 2 and 1) for each resistor in ON state (R1=99.3Ω, R2=100.1Ω, R3=99.2Ω)

Positions Positions Positions

No R1 R2 R3
R1 R2 R3
(Ω) (Ω) (Ω)
SW4 SW2 SW1 SW4 SW2 SW1 SW4 SW2 SW1
0 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF - - -
1 OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON 509.2 507.4 504.9
2 OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF 329.7 330.0 330.2
3 OFF ON ON OFF ON ON OFF ON ON 200.0 201.0 199.8
4 ON OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF OFF 197.0 199.7 197.1
5 ON OFF ON ON OFF ON ON OFF ON 142.0 144.1 141.7
6 ON ON OFF ON ON OFF ON ON OFF 123.7 125.1 123.5
7 ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON 99.3 100.1 99.2

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16. Turn ON the three-phase ac power source. Measure and record below the voltages and current in the circuit of
Figure 12, then turn OFF the three-phase ac power source.

Figure 13: Wiring diagram For Delta-connected, three-phase circuit supplying power to a three-phase
resistive load.
Ammeter
(200mAAC Range)

Voltmeter
(200VAC Range)
Figure 14.1: Wiring diagram For Delta-connected, three-phase circuit supplying power to a three-phase
resistive load. (E1 & I1 Measurement)

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Ammeter
(200mAAC Range)

Voltmeter
(200VAC Range)
Figure 14.2: Wiring diagram For Delta-connected, three-phase circuit supplying power to a three-phase
resistive load. (E2 & I2 Measurement)

Figure 14.3: Wiring diagram For Delta-connected, three-phase circuit supplying power to a three-phase
resistive load. (E2 & I2 Measurement)

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CAUTION! High voltages are present in this Experiment.

Do not leave the three-phase ac power source on for a long time as the power the resistors
dissipate exceeds their nominal power rating.

Phase Voltages and Phase

Currents:

V1 (E1) = _____Vrms

V2 (E2) = _____Vrms

V3 (E3) = _____Vrms

I1 = _____mArms

I2 = _____mArms

Figure 15: Phase Voltages and Phase Currents Measurement I3 = _____mArms

Expected Result:

Phase Voltages and Phase

Currents:
V1 (E1) = 31.44Vrms

V2 (E2) = 31.58Vrms

V3 (E3) = 31.22Vrms

I1 = 311.6mArms

I2 = 313.5mArms

I3 = 311.3mArms
Figure 15: Phase Voltages and Phase Currents Measurement

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17. Compare the individual load voltages V1, V2, and V3 measured. Are they approximately equal?
Yes No

Expected Result:

Yes
(YES – Elton 23.09.2024)

18. Compare the individual load currents I1, I2, and I3 measured. Are they approximately equal?

Yes No

Expected Result:

Yes
(YES – Elton 23.09.2024)

19. Does this mean that the three-phase load is balanced?

Yes No

Expected Result:

Yes
(YES – Elton 23.09.2024)

20. Calculate the average phase current and average voltage using the phase current and voltage values recorded
in step 16 and calculate the real power.

Expected Result:

The average phase current Iphase is equal to:

Average Iphase = (0.3116 + 0.3135 + 0.3113) / 3 = 0.3121A

21. Reconnect meter inputs I1, I2, and I3 as shown in Figure 16 to measure the line currents in the delta-
connected, three-phase circuit.

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22. Turn the three-phase ac power source. Measure and record below the line currents in the circuit of Figure 13,
then turn the three-phase ac power source in the Power Supply off. Then, determine the average value of the line
currents.

Line Currents:

IL1 = A

IL2 = A

IL3 = A

Iline = A

Figure 16: Line Currents

Figure 17.1: Wiring diagram For Delta-connected, three-phase circuit supplying power to a three-phase
resistive load. (Line Current I1 Measurement)

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Figure 17.2: Wiring diagram For Delta-connected, three-phase circuit supplying power to a three-phase
resistive load. (Line Current I1 Measurement)

Figure 17.3: Wiring diagram For Delta-connected, three-phase circuit supplying power to a three-phase
resistive load. (Line Current I1 Measurement)

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Expected Result:

Line Currents:

IL1 = 524.8mA

IL2 = 529.1mA

IL3 = 528.9mA

Iline = A

Figure 16: Line Currents

23. Calculate the total active power dissipated in the circuit using the average phase voltage and average phase
current and compare the result with the total active power calculated in step 18. Are both values approximately
equal?

Average Iline = 0.5248 + 0.5291 + 0.5289 ) / 3 = 0.5276A

24. Calculate the ratio of the average line current Iline calculated in the previous step to the average phase current
Iphase recorded in step 20.

Expected Result:
The ratio of the average line current Iline to the average phase current Iphase is equal to:

0.5276 / 0.3121 = 1.6905 (≈√3)

Is the ratio approximately equal to√3 ?

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THREE PHASE STAR DELTA SYSTEM TRAINER EE-30860

Expected Result:

Yes
(YES – Elton 23.09.2024)

25. Calculate the active power dissipated in each phase of the circuit and the total active power PT dissipated in
the circuit using the voltages and currents recorded in step 16. (Ephase & Iphase)

PR1 = 31.44 X 0.3116 = 9.796W

PR2 = 31.58 X 0.3135 = 9.900W
PR3 = 31.22 X 0.3113 = 9.718W

PT = PR1 + PR2 + PR3 = 9.796 + 9.900 + 9.718 = 29.414W

26. Calculate the average phase voltage Ephase using the phase voltages recorded in step 16.

Expected Result:

The average phase voltage Ephase is equal to:

Average Ephase = (31.44 + 31.58 + 31.22 ) / 3 = 31.41V

27. Calculate the total active power PT dissipated in the circuit using the average phase voltage Ephase recorded in
the previous step and average phase current Iphase recorded in step 20, and compare the result with the total active
power PT calculated in step 25. Are both values approximately equal?

Expected Result:

The total active power PT dissipated in the circuit is equal to:

PT = 3 (31.41 X 0.3121) = 29.409W

Yes

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THREE PHASE STAR DELTA SYSTEM TRAINER EE-30860

CONCLUSION

In this exercise, you learned what three-phase circuits are.

 You saw the difference between line and phase voltages, and line and phase currents, as well as the
relationship between line and phase parameter values in wye- and delta-connected three-phase circuits.
 You also learned how to calculate the active power dissipated in each phase of a three-phase circuit, and
how to calculate the total active power dissipated in a three-phase circuit.
 Finally, you used voltage and current measurements to confirm the theory and calculations presented in
the exercise.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. Explain the difference between the phase voltage and the line voltage in a three-phase circuit.

Answer:
The phase voltage in a three-phase circuit is the voltage measured across each load element. The line voltage in a
three-phase circuit is the voltage measured between any two phases (or lines) of the circuit.

2. What is the ratio between the line and phase voltages and the ratio between the line and phase currents in a
wye-connected, three-phase circuit?

Answer:
In a wye-connected, three-phase circuit, the line voltage is equal to √3 times the phase voltage. The line and phase
currents are equal.

3. What is the ratio between the line and phase voltages and the ratio between the line and phase currents in a
delta-connected, three-phase circuit?

Answer:
In a delta-connected three-phase circuit, the line current is equal to √3 times the phase current. The line and phase
voltages are equal.

4. The phase voltage Ephase measured across a balanced, wye-connected, three-phase resistive load is 60V.
Calculate the line voltage Eline, as well as the current IN flowing in the neutral line.

Answer:
Eline = √3 Ephase = √3 X 60 = 104V
In a balanced, wye-connected, three-phase circuit, the current IN flowing in the neutral line is equal to 0 A.

5. In a balanced, delta-connected, resistive, three-phase circuit, the phase voltage Ephase is 120 V and the line
current Eline is 3.46 A. Calculate the total active power PT dissipated in the circuit.

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THREE PHASE STAR DELTA SYSTEM TRAINER EE-30860

Answer:

In a purely resistive circuit, cos ϕ = 1.

This results in:

PT = 3 (120V X 2A X 1 ) = 720W

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THREE PHASE STAR DELTA SYSTEM TRAINER EE-30860

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