QUESTION BANK

SUBJECT : EC3351 CONTROL SYSTEMS

SEM / YEAR: III/II

UNIT I - SYSTEMS AND REPRESENTATION

Basic elements in control systems: – Open and closed loop systems – Electrical analogy of mechanical
and thermal systems – Transfer function, Synchros, – AC and DC servomotors – Block diagram reduction
techniques – Signal flow graphs.

PART –A
K
Q.No Questions Competence
Level
1. List the basic elements in control systems? K1 Remember
2. What is the role of error detector in control system? K1 Remember
3. Explain the principle of superposition and homogeneity. K2 Understand
4. Classify open loop and closed loop system. K4 Analyze
5. Infer the reason for preferring negative feedback control system. K2 Understand
6. Classify the major types of control systems based on feedback. K2 Apply
7. The open loop gain of a system increases by 25%. Identify the K3 Apply
change in the closed loop gain assuming unity feedback.
8. Determine the open loop DC gain of a unity feedback control system having K5 Evaluate
closed loop transfer function as (s+4)/(s +7s+13).
2

9. Formulate the force balance equation for ideal dash pot and ideal K6 Create
spring element.
10. For the mechanical system shown in Fig. construct the corresponding K3 Apply
Force- Voltage analogy circuit.

11. Explain the term thermal capacitance and thermal resistance K5 Evaluate
12. Justify the electrically analogous to temperature in thermal flow K5 Evaluate
system?
13. List the parameters of the translational and rotational mechanical K1 Remember
system
14. Define transfer function. K1 Remember
15. Analyse the need of electrical zero position in synchro transmitter. K4 Analyze
16. Outline the applications of synchros. K2 Understand
17. Compare AC Servomotor and DC Servomotor. K2 Understand
18. Discuss how AC servomotor is controlled? K6 Create
19. What is block diagram? State its components. K1 Remember
20. What are the disadvantages of block diagram representation? K1 Remember
21. Examine how the summing point and take off point are interchanged K4 Analyze
22. Develop Masons gain formula to find the system transfer function. K3 Apply
23. Compare Signal Flow Graph approach with block diagram reduction K4 Analyze
technique of determining transfer function.
24. Identify the following terminology (i) Path (ii) Forward Path (iii) K3 Apply
Loop (iv) Non-touching Loop

PART - B
1. (i) For the block diagram shown in figure. Determine the overall
transfer function. (6)

K2 Understand

(ii) Develop the transfer function of field Controlled DC servomotor

K2 Understand
and define transfer function. (7)
2. For the block diagram shown in figure,
(i) Simplify using Block Diagram Reduction Method. (6) K 4 Analyze
(ii) Interpret Signal flow graph method and verify the transfer
function obtained using block diagram reduction method. (7) K4 Analyze

3. Apply block diagram reduction rules and obtain the transfer function
of the following system. (13) K3
Apply
4. (i) Draw the force-voltage analogy and force current analogy for the
mechanical system shown in figure. (7)
K1 Remember

Remember
(ii) Explain armature controlled DC servomotor with relevant block
K1
diagram. (6)
5. (i) Solve the transfer function using Mason’s Gain formula for the
system whose signal flow graph is shown in figure. (7)

K3 Apply

(ii) Explain open loop and closed loop systems with suitable
examples. (6) K1 Remember
6. Using Mason’s gain formula, find the overall gain C(s)/R(s) for the
signal flow graph shown in figure. (13)

K1 Remember

7. Analyze the given signal flow graph and obtain the transfer function
C(s)/R(s). (13)

K4 Analyze

8. Evaluate the transfer function of mechanical systems shown in the

following figure. (13)

K5 Evaluate

9. Develop the transfer function for the block diagram shown in fig.
using
(i) Block diagram reduction technique. (6)
(ii) Mason’s Gain Formula. (7)

K6 Create
10. (i) What the properties of signal flow graph. (5) K1 Remember
(ii) List out of the rules followed in block diagram reduction
technique. (8) K1 Remember
11. Explain the procedure of deriving the transfer function C(s) / R(s) for
the block diagram shown in figure using block diagram reduction
technique. (13)

K2 Understand

12. Write the differential equations governing the mechanical system

shown in figure. Also draw the force voltage and force current
analogous circuit and verify by writing mesh and node equations.
(13)

K2 Understand

13. Solve and find the overall gain of the system whose signal flow graph
is shown in fig (13)

K3 Apply

14. (i) Illustrate the transfer function of AC servo motor. (7) K2 Understand
(ii) With neat diagram, summarize the working principle of field
K2 Understand
Controlled DC servo motor. (6)
15. (i) Analyze the Transfer Function of thermal system consists of a K4 Analyze
thermometer inserted in a liquid bath. (6)
(ii) Compare DC motor and DC Servomotor and list out the
K4 Analyze
applications of DC servomotor. (7)
16. (i) List out the assumptions made in ideal thermal system. (3) K1 Remember
(ii) What are the basic elements of thermal system? (2) K1 Remember
(iii) What are analogous system? Compare Mechanical and Electrical
analogous system. (8) K1 Remember
17. Explain the construction and operating principle of synchro
K5 Understand
transmitter with neat diagrams. (13)

PART – C
1. Formulate the differential equations governing the mechanical
translational system shown in fig. Draw the electrical equivalent
analogy circuit. (15)

K6 Analyze

2. For the system represented by block diagram shown in fig., Obtain

the closed loop transfer function C(s) / R(s), when the input R(s) is
applied instation I. (15)

K5 Evaluate

3. Evaluate transfer function y2(s) / f(s). (15) K5 Evaluate

 4. Solve the given mechanical rotational system and write the
differential equations governing the as shown in fig. Draw the both
electrical analogous circuits. (15)

K6 Create

5. i) Compare AC servomotor and DC servomotor. (8)

ii) Compare the armature and field controlled operation K5 Evaluate
DC servomotor (7)

UNIT II - TIME RESPONSE

Time response: – Time domain specifications – Types of test input – I and II order system response – Error
coefficients – Generalized error series – Steady state error – Root locus construction- Effects of P, PI, PID
modes of feedback control –Time response analysis.

PART – A
K
Q.No Questions Competence
Level
1. Define maximum peak overshoot. K1 Remember
2. Assess the standard test signals employed for time domain studies. K5 Evaluate
3. What is the type and order of the following system K1 Remember
C (S )  3 2 10
R(S ) s (s  2s  1)
4. With a neat sketch, draw the time response of second order system,
K3 Apply
with all time response specifications.
5. Infer the relation between static and dynamic error coefficients.
K2 Understand

6.
For a system by C(S)  16 . Find the nature of the time
R(S) s 2  8s 16 K4 Analyze
response and justify.
7. How centroid of the asymptotes found in root locus technique? K4 Analyze
8. The impulse response of a system is c (t) = -te + 2 e (t>0). Find its open
-t -t

K6 Create
loop transfer function.
9. Classify type and order of the system. K2 Understand
10. List the standard test signals used in control system. K1 Remember
11. Mention the effects of Proportional Integral (PI) controller. K5 Evaluate
12. Compare between the steady state and transient response of the
K2 Understand
system.
13. Explain steady state error. K5 Evaluate
14. How is a system classified depending on the value of damping? K4 Analyze
15. Define settling time. K1 Remember
16. For servo mechanisms with open loop transfer function is given by
G(s) = 1 / (s2 + 2s + 3). Calculate position error and steady state error K3 Apply
for a unit step input.
17. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is
given by G(s) = k/s(s+1). If gain k is increased to infinity, then K2 Understand
damping ratio.
18. What are the generalized error coefficients? How they are
K1 Remember
determined?
19. The unit impulse response of second order system is
K6 Create
(1/6) * e-0.8t sin (0.6t). Find the natural frequency.
20. The system function N(s) = V(s)/I(s) = (s+3)/(4s+5). The system is initially
at rest. If the excitation I (t) is a unit step, which of the following is the K1 Remember
final value?
21. How location of poles is related to stability? K3 Apply
22. Explain the three types of error constants? K2 Understand
23. Identify the mathematical definitions of steady state error K3 Apply
coefficients Kp,Kv,Ka.
24. List the drawbacks of static coefficients K4 Analyze
 PART – B
(i)Evaluate the unit step response of the following system. (7)
C(S)  2 10 K5 Evaluate
R(S) s  2s  10
1.
(ii)A Unity feedback control system is characterized by open loop transfer

function G(s)  10 . Calculate its time response for step input of 12 K5 Evaluate
s(s  2)
units. (6)
2. Derive the expression for second order system for under damped
K2 Understand
case and when the input is unit step. (13)
Derive the expression for the unit step response of following second
3. order systems. (7 + 6)
K2 Understand
(i) Critically damped system
(ii) Over damped system
Derive Expressions for the following time domain specifications of
second order under damped system due to unit step input. (13)

4. (i) Rise time.

K2 Understand
(ii) Peak time.
(iii) Delay time.
(iv) Peak overshoot.
The unity feedback system characterized by open loop transfer

function G(s)  K . Estimate the gain K such that damping

s(s 10) K6 Create
5.
ratio will be 0.5 and find time domain specifications for a unit step
input. (13)

i) For a unity feedback control system G(s)  10(s  2) . Analyze the

6. s 2 (s  1) K4 Analyze
position, velocity and acceleration error constant. (7)
ii)Explain the graphical and mathematical representation of
following test signals (a) step input (b) Ramp Input (c) Parabolic
K4 Analyze
input (d) Impulse input. Also point out the relationship between
these test signals if any (6)
7. A positional control system with velocity feedback is shown. Find K1 Remember
the response of the system for unit step input. (13)
8. Construct the root locus for the system having (13)
G(s)  k(s  3) . K1 Remember
s(s 1)(s  2)(s  4)

A unity feedback system us characterized by the open loop transfer

function G(s)  1 .
s(0.5s 1)(0.2s 1)
9.
(i) Write the closed loop transfer function C(s)/ R(s)
K3 Apply
(ii) Find damping factor, natural frequency of the system
(iii) Determine rise time, peak time and peak overshoot of the
system
(iv) Calculate steady state error due to unit step. (13)
i) Sketch the root locus for a unity feedback control system has an open-
10. loop transfer function G(s)  K (s  9) . (8) K1 Remember
s(s 2  4s  11)
ii)List the rules to construct root locus of a system. (5) K1 Remember
Sketch the root locus of the system whose open loop Transfer
11. Function is given by G(s)  K . Find the value of K so K1 Remember
s(s  2)(s  4)
that damping ratio of the system is 0.5. (13)
i)Explain briefly the PI controller action with block diagram and obtain its
K4 Analyze
transfer function model. List out its advantages and disadvantages. (7)
ii)Examine the effect of adding PD and PID in feedback control
12. K4 Analyze
systems. (6)
Calculate the static error coefficients for a system whose transfer

function is G(s)H (s)  10 . And also Calculate the

s(1  s)(1  2s)
13. K3 Apply
steady state error for r(t)  1  t  t2 . (13)
2

i)Evaluate the dynamic error coefficients of the following K5 Evaluate

14.
system G(s)  10 . (8)
s(1  s)
 ii)Explain about dynamic error coefficients. (5) K5 Remember
i)A unity feedback system has the forward transfer function
G(S)=K1(2S+1)/S(5S+1)(1+S)2 when the input r(t)=1+6t, determine
15. the minimum value of K1 so that the steady state error is less K1 Remember
than 0.1 (6)
(ii) Derive the transfer function of P, PI, PID Controller. (7)
16. Demonstrate the Root locus analysis of the following system.
K2 Understand
G(S)=K(S+1)/S(S2 +5S+20) (13)
What is the response c(t) to the unit step input. Assume that
ς =0.5.and also calculate rise time, peak time, Maximum overshoot
17. and settling time. (13)

K4 Analyze

PART – C
1. (i) For servomechanisms, with open loop transfer function given
below explain what type of input signal give rise to a steady state
error and calculate their values.

G(s)  20(s  2) . (4) K5 Evaluate

s(s 1)(s  3)

G(s)  1 . (4)
(s  2)(s  3)

(ii) Measurements conducted on a Servomechanism show the system

response to be c(t)=1+0.2 ê-60t -1.2 ê –10t when subjected to a
K5 Evaluate
unit step. Give the expression for closed loop transfer function.
(7)
2. A unity feedback control system has the open loop transfer function

G(s)  K .Evaluate the values of K and A so that the

(s  A)(s  2)
K5 Evaluate
damping ratio is 0.707 and the peak time for unit step

response is 1.8 sec. (15)

3. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given

 by G(s) = K/s(sT+1) where K and T are positive constant. By what K6 Create
factor the amplifier gain K be reduced, so that the peak overshoot of
unit step response of the system is reduced from 75% to 25%. (15)
4. Sketch the root locus of the system whose forward transfer function

is G(s)  K (s  1) . (15) K6 Create

s(s  5s  20)
2

5. (i) The overall transfer function of a control system is given by

.It is desired that the damping ratio is

0.8.Determine the derivative rate feedback constant Ki and compare
K5 Evaluate
rise time, peak time, maximum overshoot and steady state error for
unit ramp input function without and with derivative feedback
control. (9)
(ii) Compare P,I and D Controller. (6)

UNIT III - FREQUENCY RESPONSE

Frequency response: – Bode plot – Polar plot, Nichols Chart– Determination of closed loop response from
open loop response - Correlation between frequency domain and time domain

PART – A
K
Q.No Questions Competence
Level
1. A second order system has peak over shoot = 50% and period of
K1 Remember
oscillations 0.2 seconds. Find the resonant frequency?
2. What does, a gain margin close to unity or phase margin close to zero
K4 Analyze
indicate?
3. What are the effects and limitations of phase-lag control? K4 Analyze
4.
Draw the polar plot of G(s)  1 . K3 Apply
1  sT
5. Define phase margin and gain margin. K1 Remember

6. Analyze the corner frequency of G(s)  10 . K4 Analyze

s(1  0.5s)
7. From the magnitude plot, find transfer function and steady state error K2 Understand
corresponding to step input.
8. Draw the approximate polar plot for a Type 0 second order system. K3 Apply
9. Define the terms: resonant peak and resonant frequency. K1 Remember
10. What is meant by cut-off frequency? K1 Remember
11. Summarize frequency domain specifications. K2 Understand
12. What are the advantages of frequency domain analysis? K1 Remember
13. Discuss the correlation between phase margin and Damping factor. K2 Understand
14.
Draw the bode plot of G(s)  K .
K3 Apply
sn

15.
Estimate the bode plot of G(s)  1 . K6 Create
1  sT
16. Define gain crossover frequency and phase cross over frequency. K1 Remember
17. If the Bode plot crosses 180 degree line, either at very low
frequencies or very high frequencies in the selected frequency range,
K2 Understand
what is the inference regarding the relationship between open loop
gain and stability?
18. Discuss how you will get closed loop frequency response from open
K2 Understand
loop response.
19. The damping ratio and natural frequency of oscillations of a second
order system is 0.3 and 3 rad/sec respectively. Calculate resonant K5 Evaluate
frequency and resonant peak.
20. Show the shape of polar plot for the transfer function
K3 Apply
K/ s (1+sT1)(1+sT2)
21. Obtain the Phase angle expression of the given transfer function

GH (s)  10 . K5 Evaluate
s(1  0.4s)(1  0.01s)
22. Differentiate non-minimum phase and minimum phase systems. K4 Analyze
23. Explain the uses of Nichol’s Chart. K5 Evaluate
24. Discuss how the closed loop frequency response is determined from
K6 Create
open loop frequency response using Nichols chart?

PART - B
1. Describe the use of Nichol’s chart to obtain closed loop frequency
 response from open loop frequency response of a unity feedback
K4 Analyze
system. Explain how the gain adjustment is carried out on this
chart. (13)
2. Construct bode plot for the system whose open loop transfer
function is given below and evaluate (i) Gain margin (ii) Phase
margin and (iii) closed loop stability (13) K5 Evaluate

G(s)  100 .
s(s  1)(s  2)
3. Plot the bode diagram for the given transfer function and estimate
the gain and phase cross over frequencies. (13)
K2 Understand
GH (s)  10 .
s(1  0.4s)(1  0.1s)
4. Draw the polar plot of the unity feedback system whose open loop

transfer function is given by G(s)  1 . Determine the K3 Apply

s(1 s)(1 2s)
phase and gain margin. (13)
5. Draw the bode plot of the following system and estimate gain cross
over frequency. (13)
K2 Understand
GH (s)  10 .
s(0.1s  1)(0.01s  1)
6. Using polar plot, calculate gain cross over frequency phase cross
over frequency, gain margin and phase margin of feedback system
with open loop transfer function (13) K3 Apply

GH(s)  10 .
s(1  0.2s)(1  0.002s)
7. (i) Describe about the frequency domain specifications of a typical
K1 Remember
system. (5)
(ii) Describe the correlation between time and frequency domain
K1 Remember
specifications. (8)
8. Ke0.2s
Given G(s)  . Draw the Bode plot and Calculate K
s(s  2)(s  8)
K3 Apply
for the following two cases: (i) Gain margin equal to 6db and
(ii) Phase margin equal to 45°. (13)

9. Sketch the Bode Magnitude plot for the transfer function

Ks2
G(s)  . Hence find ‘K’ such that gain cross
 s(1 0.2s)(1 0.02s) K4 Analyze
over frequency is 5 rad/sec. (13)
10. Describe in detail the procedure about Nichol’s chart. (13) K1 Remember
11. (i) What is the effect on polar plot when pole is added at origin to
the transfer function? Explain. Draw the polar plot of a first K1 Remember
order system. (5)
(ii) For the following system, sketch the polar plot.

G(s)  500 . (8) K1 Apply

s(s  6)(s  9)
12. (i) Derive the expression for radius and centre of constant M and N
K5 Evaluate
circles. (7)
(ii) Obtain the relation for resonance peak magnitudes ( and
K5 Evaluate
resonant frequency ( in terms of damping factor ( . (6)
13. Draw the Bode plot showing the magnitude in decibels and phase
angle in degrees as a function of log frequency for the transfer

function. G(s)  75(1  0.2s) . From the Bode plot, estimate K2 Understand
s(s 2  16s  100)
the gain cross-over frequency. (13)
14. Construct the polar plot and determine the gain margin and phase
margin of a unity feedback control system whose open loop transfer
K6 Create
function is, G(s)  (1  0.2s)(1  0.025s) . (13)
s 3 (1  0.005s)(1  0.001s)
15. Sketch the bode plot for the following transfer function and
determine the system gain K for the gain cross over frequency to be
5 rad/sec.
K1 Remember
Ks2
G(s)  1 0.2s1 0.02s.
(13)
16. Using Nichols chart, determine the closed loop response and
estimate Mr, ωr and ωb for a unity feedback system has open loop
20 K4 Analyze
transfer function G(s)  ss  2s  5. (13)

17. With Mathematical expression define the following Frequency K2 Understand

Domain specifications (i) Gain Margin (ii) Phase Margin (iii) Gain
Cross over Frequency (iv) Phase Cross over Frequency (v) Resonant
Peak (vi) Resonant Frequency (vii) Bandwidth. (13)

PART - C
1.
 Formulate the transfer function of the system whose experimental
frequency response data is given below. (Error between actual plot
and asymptotic plot at corner frequency 10 is -6db). (15)

K6 Create

2. Sketch the polar plot for the following transfer function and
evaluate Gain cross over frequency, Phase cross over frequency,
K5 Evaluate
Gain margin and Phase margin for G(s)  400 . (15)
s(s  2)(s  10)
3. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given

by G(s)  1 . Sketch the polar plot and determine K5 Evaluate

s 2 (1 s)(1 2s)
the gain margin and phase margin. (15)
4. Sketch the Bode plot and hence evaluate Gain cross over frequency,
Phase cross over frequency, Gain margin and Phase margin for the
K5 Evaluate
function G(s)  10(s  3) . (15)
s(s  2)(s 2  4s  100)
5. Using Nichols chart plot the closed loop frequency response of a
system having open loop transfer function as
K6 Create
G(s)  10 .
s(0.1s 1)(0.05s 1) (15)

UNIT IV - STABILITY AND COMPENSATOR DESIGN

Characteristics equation – Routh Hurwitz criterion – Nyquist stability criterion- Lag ,lead, lag-lead
network, Performance criteria – Effect of Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation on frequency response-
Design of Lag, lead and lag- lead compensator using bode plots.
 PART - A
K
Q.No Questions Competence
Level
1. What are the two notations of system stability to be satisfied for a
K1 Remember
linear time-invariant system to be stable?
2. Why are compensators required in feedback control system? What
K4 Analyze
is compensation?
3. Give any two limitations of Routh-stability criterion. K2 Understand
4. How are the roots of the characteristic equation of a system related
K1 Remember
to stability?
5. Examine BIBO stability. K3 Apply
6. Realise the lead compensator using R and C network components. K2 Understand
7. State Nyquist stability criterion. K1 Remember
8. What is characteristic equation? K1 Remember
9. The transfer function of a phase lead compensator is given by

G(s)  (1  3Ts) . where T>0. What is the maximum phase shift K2 Understand
(1  Ts)
provided by such a compensator?
10. Evaluate the effects of adding a zero to a system? K5 Evaluate
11. What conclusion can be provided when there is a row of all zeros in
K2 Understand
Routh array?
12. Point out the regions of root locations for stable, unstable and
K4 Analyze
limitedly stable systems.
13. Write the necessary and sufficient condition for stability. K6 Create
14. What is the desired performance criteria specified in compensator
K1 Remember
design?
15. For what range of K, the following system shown in Fig is
K3 Apply
asymptotically stable?

16. A open loop transfer function is given as G(s)  (s  2) . Find

(s  1)(s 1) K3 Apply
 the number of encirclements about '-1+j0'?
17. What are the effects of adding open loop poles and zero on the
K1 Remember
nature of the root locus and on system?
18. Point out some properties of Nyquist plot. K4 Analyze
19. Identify the necessity for lag/lag-Lead compensation. K3 Apply
20. Design a circuit for lead compensator along with pole zero diagram. K6 Create
21. Explain the Phase Lag compensator and why is it used? K2 Understand
22. Draw the polar plot of Lag Lead compensator. K4 Analyze
23. Compare Lag and Lead compensator K5 Evaluate
24. Draw the circuit of lead compensator and draw its pole-zero
K5 Evaluate
diagram

PART - B
1. By use of Nyquist stability criterion, discuss whether the closed
loop system having the following open loop transfer function is
stable or not. If not how many closed loop poles lie in the right half
of s-plane? (13) K2 Understand

G(s)H (s)  s2 .

(s  1)(s 1)

2. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given

by G(s)H (s)  K . By applying the

(s  2)(s  4)(s 2  6s  25)
Routh criterion, find the range of values of k for which the closed K3 Apply
loop system is stable. Calculate the values of k which will cause
sustained oscillations in the closed loop system. What are the
corresponding oscillation frequencies? (13)
3. (i) Examine the stability of the system whose characteristic
equation is given by s 5 4s4  8s3  8s2  7s  4  0. Using K2 Understand
Routh Hurwitz criterion. (6)
(ii) Assume any four different pole locations for a system, sketch
the response and comment on stability of each case (7)
4. Write the procedure for lag lead compensator using bode plot in
K1 Remember
detail. (13)
5. Sketch the Nyquist plot for the System whose open loop transfer

function is G(s)  K .Determine the range of K for K3 Apply

s(s  2)(s  10)
which the closed loop System is Stable. (13)
6. The open loop transfer function of the uncompensated system is

G(s)  K . Design a lead compensator for the system so that

s(s  1) K5 Evaluate
the static velocity error constant Kv is 10/sec, the phase margin is at
least 350. (13)
7. Consider the closed loop system shown in figure point out the range
of K for the system which is stable. (13)

r y K4 Analyze

8. From the first principles explain how you obtain the stability of a
K4 Analyze
linear system using Nyquist criterion. (13)
9. Consider the unity feedback system whose open loop transfer

function is G(s)  K . Design a suitable

s(0.1s  10)(0.2s  1)
compensator to meet the following specifications. K6 Create
(i) velocity error constant, Kv = 30
(ii) phase margin M 50 .
(iii) Band width 1  12 rad/sec. (13)

10. For each of the characteristics equation of feedback control system

given, determine the range of K for stability. Examine the value of
K so that the system is marginally stable and the frequency of
K1 Remember
sustained oscillations. (13)
(i) s 4  25s3  15s 2  20s  K  0.
(ii) s 3  3Ks2  (K  2)s  4  0.
11. (i) Use the routh stability criterion, determine the range of K for
stability of unity feedback system whose open loop transfer
K3 Apply
function is G(s)  K . (10)
s(s  1)(s  2)
(ii) State Routh Stability criterion. (3) K2 Understand

12. (i) Sketch the Bode plot of a typical lag-lead compensator and
K2 Understand
express its transfer function. (3)
(ii) The open loop transfer function of the uncompensated system is

G(s)  5 . Design a suitable lag compensator for the

 s(s  2)
K2 Understand
system so that the static velocity error constant Kv is 20/sec, the
phase margin is at least 550 and the gain margin is at least 12
db. (10)
13. Draw the circuit of lag-lead compensator and derive its transfer
K1 Remember
function. What are its effects? (13)
14. By use of the Nyquist criterion, discuss whether closed-loop
systems having the following open-loop transfer function is stable
or not. If not, how many closed loop poles lies in the right half of s-
K4 Analyze
plane? (13)

G(s)H (s)  10 .
s(s  1)(2s  1)
15. Explain the effect of Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation on
K5 Evaluate
frequency response in detail. (13)
16. Describe the procedure for a lag compensator. (13) K1 Remember
17. (i) Discuss the limitations and effects of phase lead
compensator. (07)
K6 Create
(ii) Discuss the condition in which phase lead network cannot be
used successfully. (06)

PART - C
1. Sketch the Nyquist plot for a system and find the stability, whose

open loop transfer function is given by G(s)  10 . K5 Evaluate

s 2 (s  2) (15)
2. The open loop transfer function of the uncompensated system is
K5 Evaluate
G(s)  K . Design a lag compensator for the system so that
s(s  2)
the static velocity error constant Kv is 10 sec-1, the phase margin ≥
600. (15)
3. (i) Using Routh criterion, determine the stability of a system
representing the characteristic equation
s 4  8s3  18s 2  16s  5  0. Comment on location of the roots of
K6 Create
the characteristics equation. (9)
(ii) Write down the procedure for designing Lag compensator using
Bode plot. (6)
4. For the given system, G(s)  K , design a suitable lag-
s(s  1)(s  2)
K3 Apply
lead compensator to give, velocity error constant=10 sec-1, phase
 margin=500, gain margin ≥ 10 Db (15)
5. Design a suitable lead compensator foe a system with unity
feedback and having open loop transfer function

G(s)  K
s(s 1)(s  4) K6 Create

to meet the specifications as damping ratio = 0.5 and undamped

natural frequency=2 rad/sec. (15)

UNIT V - STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS

Concept of state variables – State models for linear and time invariant Systems – Solution of state and output
equation in controllable canonical form – Concepts of controllability and observability.

PART - A
K
Q.No Questions Competence
Level
1. Sketch the block diagram representation of a state model. K3 Apply
2. Obtain the state space model for the given differential equation

d3Y  6 d2Y  11 dY  6 Y  U(t) . dt 2 K1 Remember

dt 2 dt
Evaluate the transfer function model.

3. Consider a system whose transfer function is given by

Y (s)  10 . Solve and obtain a state model for this K1 Remember

U (s) s 3  6s 2  5s  10
system.
4. Discuss state and state variable. K2 Understand
5. When do you say that a system is completely state controllable? K1 Remember
6. List the advantages of state space analysis. K1 Remember
7. Give the condition for controllability by Kalman’s method. K2 Understand
8. State the condition for observability by Gilbert’s method. K3 Apply
9. Write the homogeneous and non-homogeneous state equation. K1 Remember
10. Analyze the concept of controllability. K4 Analyze
11. What are the advantages of state variable techniques? K5 Evaluate
12. How is pole placement done by state feedback in a sampled data
K3 Apply
system?
13. Formulate the necessary condition to be satisfied for designing state
K5 Evaluate
 feedback.
14. Point out the limitations of physical system modelled by transfer
K4 Analyze
function approach.
15. State the mechanism in control engineering which implies an ability
K1 Remember
to measure the state by taking measurements at output.
16. Give the need of observability test. K2 Understand
17. Define the following terms such as (i) State (ii) State Variable (iii)
K3 Apply
State Vector (iv) State Space Model.
18. Write the properties of state transition matrix. K6 Create
19. Give the types of systems that can be analysed through state space
K2 Understand
analysis.
20. Analyze the concept of canonical form of state model. K4 Analyze
21. Design the state model of a linear time invariant system. K6 Create
22. Evaluate the effect of state feedback. K5 Evaluate
23. Illustrate Cayley-Hamilton theorem. K2 Understand
24. List the applications of state space model. K4 Analyze

PART - B
1. Consider a linear system described by the transfer function.

Y (s)  5 . Design a feedback controller with a state K5 Evaluate

U (s) s(s  2)(s  3)
feedback so that the closed loop poles are placed at -1, -2±2j. (13)
2. Explain with neat diagram, the working of DC and AC tacho
K2 Understand
generators. (13)
3. Consider the following RLC series circuit shown in Fig and obtain K2 Understand
its state model. (13)

4. Obtain the state space representation of Armature controlled dc

K4 Analyze
motor and Field controlled dc motor. (13)
5. Examine the controllability and observability of a system having
following coefficient matrices. (13)

K1 Remember
 0 1 0 1 10
A 0 0 1 ; B  0 ; CT  5
 6 11 6 1 1

6. List the state equation for the system shown below in which
and constitute the state vectors. Examine whether the
system is completely controllable and observable. (13)

K3 Apply

7. Consider a control system with state model

.

x.1  0 1 x1  0 u;
2 3 x 2
x2 2
K3 Apply
x1 (0)  0 ;
x2(0) 1
Compute the state transition matrix. (13)

8. Consider the following plant of the state space representation:

Examine the controllability and observability of a state space
formed by the system. (13) K1 Remember
0 1 2
A 2  3 ; B  2 ;C   2 0

9. Examine the controllability and observability of the system with

K1 Remember
state equation. (13)
.

x. 1 0 1 0 x1 0
x2  0 0 1 x2  0 u;
.

x3 0 2  3 x3 1

x1
y 3 4 1 x2
x3

10. A system is characterized by the transfer function

Y (s)  3
U (s) (s 3  5s 2  11s  6)
K2 Understand
Express whether or not the system is completely controllable and
observable also identify the first state as output. (13)
11. Obtain the complete solution of non-homogeneous state equation
K5 Evaluate
using time domain method. (13)
12. (i) Find the state and output equation for

G(s)  1
(s3  4s2  3s  3) K1 Remember
(7)

(ii) Obtain state space representation for system y’’+6y’+2y=0(6)

13. Express the canonical state model of the system, whose transfer

K2 Understand
function is T (s)  2(s  5) (13)
(s  2)(s  3)(s  4)
14. Examine the controllability and observability of the following state
space system. (13)
.

x1  x2  u2
K5 Evaluate
.

x 2  x3
.

x3  2x2  3x3  u1  u2
15. (i) Derive the transfer function model for the following state space
system. (7)
K4 Analyze
A 0 1 ; B  1 ;C  1 0 ;D  0
6 5 0

(ii) Find the state transition matrix for the state model whose K 4 Analyze

system matrix A is given by A  1 1 (6)

0 1
16. Obtain the state space representation of observable canonical form

U (s)  (s 2 s 5s
Y (s)  4 2) K3 Apply
(7)

Explain the concept of controllability and observability by

K4 Analyze
Kalman’s and Gilbert’s method. (6)
17. Formulate the expression for the state space model for the
K6 Create
continuous system and also draw the state diagram for it. (13)

PART - C
1. Test the controllability and observability of the system with state
equation. (15)
 .

x1 1 0 0 x1 10
.
x2  1 2 0 x2  1 u; K5 Evaluate
.

x3 2 1  3 x3 0

x1
y  1 0 0 x2
x3

2. (i) Given that

A  0 ;A  0 ;A  ; Compute state
1
0 2
 0 2

K5 Evaluate
transition matrix. (8)
(ii) Explain the concepts of controllability and observability. (7)

3. (i) Determine whether the system described by the following state

model is completely controllable and observable. (8)
0 0 1 x1 (t) 0
.
x(t)   2 3 0 x2 (t)  2 u(t);
0 2  3 x3 (t) 0 K6 Create

x1 (t)
y(t)  1 0 0 x2 (t)
x3 (t)
(ii) What are state variables? Explain the state space formulation

with its equation. (7)

4. Determine the state variable representation of the system whose
transfer function is given as
K6 Create
Y (s)  2s  8s 27
U (s) (s  2)2 (s  1). (15)

5. 0 1 ; A2   2 3
Consider a matrix A  3 6 .Compute eAT
2 7
K5 Evaluate
by two methods. (15)

COURSE OUTCOMES:

COE1: Ability to develop various representations of system based on the knowledge of Mathematics,
Science and Engineering fundamentals.
COE2: Ability to do time domain and frequency domain analysis of various models of linear system.

COE3: Ability to interpret characteristics of the system to develop mathematical model.

COE4: Ability to understand and design appropriate compensator for the given specifications.

COE5: Ability to design State variable representation of physical systems.