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Solar_Power

solar power

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wesen derbe
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6 views

Solar_Power

solar power

Uploaded by

wesen derbe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Contents Solar Power

§ Solar Energy Potential or resourse, *Changing Energy Mix


§ Solar Electricity (Photovoltaic, or Solar-Thermally Generated Electricity
§ Designe of Stand alone PV

http://io9.com/379226/a-solar+powered-death-ray Solar Tower PS10, near Seville, Spain


Solar power
Solar power, also known as solar electricity, is the conversion of
energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using
photovoltaics (PV) or indirectly using concentrated solar
power.
1. Solar panels use the photovoltaic effect to convert light into an
electric current.
2. Concentrated solar power (CSP, also known as concentrating
solar power, concentrated solar thermal) systems generate solar
power by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area
of sunlight into a receiver.
Electricity is generated when the concentrated light is converted to
heat (solar thermal energy), which drives a heat engine (usually
a steam turbine) connected to an electrical power generator.
Solar Energy Potential or resourse
v Solar energy is the world’s most abundant permanent source of energy. The
amount of solar energy intercepted by the planet Earth is a tiny fraction of the solar
radiation emitted by the sun.
v The outermost layer, from which energy is radiated into the solar system, is
approximately at an equivalent blackbody temperature of 5,760 K (10,400° R).
v The rate of energy emission from the sun is 3.8 × 1023 kW. Of this total, only a tiny
fraction, approximately 1.7 × 1014 kW, is intercepted by the earth, which is located
about 150 million km from the sun (Figure 6.1).
v Of this amount, 30% is reflected to space, 47% is converted to low-temperature
heat and reradiated to space, and 23% powers the evaporation/precipitation cycle of
the biosphere.
The Solar Constant
• At a distance of one astronomical unit, 1.495 × 1011m, the mean
earth-sun distance, the sun subtends an angle of 32’’
• For engineering purposes, the energy emitted by the sun can be
considered to be fixed
§ The solar constant Gsc is the
energy from the sun per unit time
received on a unit area of surface
perpendicular to the direction of
propagation of the radiation at
mean earth-sun distance outside the
atmosphere.
§ Gsc ~ 1367 W/m2

4
Sun–Earth Geometric Relationship
§ fig the shows the annual orbit of the earth around the sun.
§ The distance between the earth and the sun changes throughout the year,
the minimum being 1.471 × 1011 m at winter solstice (December 21)
and the maximum being 1.521 × 1011 m at summer solstice (June 21).
§ The year-round average earth–sun distance is 1.496 × 1011 m.
§ The amount of solar radiation intercepted by the earth, therefore, varies
throughout the year, the maximum being on December 21 and the
minimum on June 21.

5
Sun–Earth Geometric Relationship
§ fig the shows the annual orbit of the earth around the sun.

6
Spectral Distribution of Extraterrestrial
Radiation
§ Extraterrestrial Radiation is the radiation that
would be received in the absence of the earths
atmosphere
The WRC (World Radiation Center) standard spectral irradiance curve at mean earth-sun distance.

7
Variation of Extraterrestrial Radiation

Variation of the earth-sun


distance, does lead to
variation of extraterrestrial
radiation flux in the range
of ± 3.3%
where Gon is the
extraterrestrial radiation
incident on the plane
normal to the radiation on
the nth day of the year

8
changing energy mix
How Solar Power Works
 Photovoltaic Cells
Energy in the light is absorbed by the
material and electrons bounce off.
This gives them a higher state of energy,
producing an electric current.

 Currently PV cells types


include:
 Monocrystalline silicon
 Polycrystalline silicon
 Microcrystalline silicon
 Cadmium telluride
 Copper indium selenide
or sulfide
How Solar Power Works
 Concentrated Solar Power
A Heliostat system directs sunlight to a central tube which contains a
medium, such as molten salt
This circulates and heats water into steam
Research

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell
Advantage
 Powered by the Sun
 Zero emissions
 Little maintenance once
installed
 Can last a lifetime

http://www.psy.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/sun.jpg
Downfalls
 Expensive to install initially
 Doesn’t work at night (intermitent)
 Hard to store the energy (unless use batteries)
 Large scale production takes space
 Isn't completely efficient, doesn't utilize all of the sun's
energy... yet 43%
So, why solar power?
 With the amount of solar energy the planet receives
we have the potential to provide at least 1,000 times
the energy consumed globally. (in 2008)
 On a sunny day the sun gives off 1,000 watts of
energy to the earths surface per square meter
 Sunlight is infinite, unlike many of our other energy
sources

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