RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Thandalam, Chennai – 602 105

ED19212 - ANALYSIS LAB

Name :

Class & Branch :

Roll No. :

Register No. :
Subject Code Subject Name (Laboratory Course) Category L T P C
ED19212 ANALYSIS LAB PC 0 0 3 1.5

Objectives:
At the end of this course, the students would have developed a thorough understanding of the Computer Aided
 Finite Element Analysis packages with an ability to effectively use the tools of the analysis for solving practical
problems arising in engineering design.

List of Experiments
1 Machine elements under Static loads
2 Thermal Analysis of mechanical systems
3 Modal Analysis
4 Machine elements under Dynamic loads
5. Buckling Analysis
6. Contact Analysis
7. Non-linear structural analysis
8. Composite Materials Analysis
Total Contact Hours : 45

Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, the students will be able to

 Preprocess the component for static force analysis.
 Create or Import Solid/surface models
 Mesh the component for further analysis.
 Analyse the model for different types of loads.
 Validate the model/mesh for correct result.

Web links for virtual lab (if any)

1 https://sites.ualberta.ca/~wmoussa/AnsysTutorial/
2 https://www.udemy.com/ansys-tutorial/
Divya Zindani (Author), Apurba Kumar Roy (Author), Kaushik Kumar. Working with ANSYS: A
3
Tutorial Approach, I.K. International Publishing House, 2017.

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO 1 1 2 3 1 1 - - - 1 - - 1
CO 2 1 2 3 1 1 - - - 1 - - 1
CO 3 1 2 3 1 1 - - - 1 1 - 1
CO 4 1 2 3 1 1 - - - 1 1 - 1
CO 5 1 2 3 1 1 - - 1 1 1 - 1

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High)

 RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Thandalam, Chennai – 602 105

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING DESIGN

II SEM ENGINEERING DESIGN

ED19212 – Analysis LAB

LIST OF EXERCISES

Sl. Exercises
No.
1 Stress Analysis of Beams – Simply supported , Cantilever , Fixed ends
2 Stress analysis of plate with a circular hole
3 Stress analysis of Rectangular L bracket
4 Stress Analysis of an Axisymmetric Component
5 Modal frequency analysis of a 2D component
6 Modal frequency analysis of beams - Simply supported
7 Modal frequency analysis of beams - Cantilever , Fixed ends
8 Harmonic analysis of a 2D component
9 Thermal stress analysis of a 2D component
10 Conductive heat transfer analysis of a 2D component
11 Convective heat transfer analysis of a 2D component
Simulation of air conditioning system with condenser temp. and evaporator
12
temp. as input to get COP using C/MAT Lab
13 Simulation of Hydraulic / Pneumatic cylinder using C/MAT lab
14 Measure simple mechanical component and make stress analysis
15 Simple CFD analysis, flow of water through a pipe with bending and obstruction
PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs):
Enable the students:
I. To develop an aptitude to use engineering principles to conceptualize, create, model, test and
evaluate designs within the context of local and global needs.
II. To become effective and excellent collaborators and innovators, participating in efforts to address
and provide solutions to social and technical challenges.
III. To develop innovative technologies and find solutions to contemporary issues inEngineering Design
using fundamental principles in combination with modern engineering tools and methods.
IV. To pursue advanced education, research and development and other creative/ innovative efforts in
their professional career.
PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs):
On successful completion of the programme,
1. Graduates will demonstrate knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering.
2. Graduates will demonstrate an ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering design problems
by using computer aided tools.
3. Graduate will demonstrate an ability to design and conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data
in the area of design engineering though software.
4. Graduates will demonstrate an ability to design a system, component or process as per needs and
specifications.
5. Graduate will demonstrate skills to use modern engineering tools, software and equipment to
analyze multidisciplinary problems.
6. Graduates will demonstrate knowledge of professional and ethical responsibilities in the field of
mechanical design.
7. Graduate will communicate their technical knowledge.
8. Graduate will show the understanding of impact of engineering solutions on the society and also
will be aware of contemporary issues.
9. Graduate will develop confidence for self-education and ability for life-long learning
 INTRODUCTION
Finite element analysis is the core of computer aided engineering dictates the modern
mechanical industry.
Finite element analysis is a technique to simulate material properties, loading
conditions and environment of any system and to approximately determine response of the
system to those conditions.

NEED FOR FEA:

1. To reduce the amount of prototype testing

2. To simulate design that is not suitable for prototype testing

3. Cost Saving and time saving

4. Create a more reliable, better quality and competitive designs

ABOUT ANSYS:

ANSYS is a complete FEA simulation software package developed by ANSYS Inc.

a corporate of USA.
It is used by engineers worldwide in virtually all fields of engineering:-

 Structural

 Thermal

 Fluid (CFD, Acoustics)

 Low & High Frequency Electromagnetic

APPLICATIONS OF ANSYS:

ANSYS software can be applied in

 Engineering structures

 Automobiles

 Aerospace

 14Biomedical

 Buildings and other civil structures

 Electronics
  Heavy equipments & machinery
OTHER PRODUCTS:
ANSYS LS DYNA - Non Linear structural problems
ANSYS Professional - Linear Structural Thermal Analysis
ANSYS Design Space Analysis - Linear structural & steady state thermal analysis
ANSYS CFX - Fluid flow problems
CAPABILITIES OF ANALYSIS:

1. Structural Analysis: It is used to calculate the deformation, strain, stress and

reaction. The Eigen value problems where we find natural frequency of systems
also come under this category.
2. Thermal Analysis: It is used to determine the temperature distribution, amount of
heat lost or gained, thermal gradient and thermal flow.
3. Electromagnetic Analysis: It is used to calculate magnetic field effects in a system.
Often used with contact analysis.
4. Computational Field Analysis: It is used to determine the fluid flow characteristics
in a system like flow velocity, pressure, head loss, and even temperature
distribution.
5. Coupled Field Analysis: It is used to calculate the mutual interaction of two or
more of the above said disciplines. This is done by either sequential method or
simultaneous method.

What is Finite Element Analysis?

Finite Element Analysis, commonly called FEA, is a method of numerical analysis. FEA
is used for solving problems in many engineering disciplines such as machine design, acoustics,
electromagnetism, soil mechanics, fluid dynamics, and many others. In mathematical terms,
FEA is a numerical technique used for solving field problems described by a set of partial
differential equations.

In mechanical engineering, FEA is widely used for solving structural, vibration, and
thermal problems. However, FEA is not the only available tool of numerical analysis. Other
numerical methods include the Finite Difference Method, the Boundary Element Method, and
the Finite Volumes Method to mention just a few. However, due to its versatility and high
numerical efficiency, FEA has come to dominate the engineering analysis software market,
while other methods have been relegated to niche applications. You can use FEA to analyze
any shape; FEA works with different levels of geometry idealization and provides results with
the desired accuracy. When implemented into modern commercial software, both FEA theory
and numerical problem formulation become completely transparent to users.
Why should use Finite Element Analysis?
As a powerful tool for engineering analysis, FEA is used to solve problems ranging from
very simple to very complex. Design engineers use FEA during the product development
process to analyze the design-in-progress. Time constraints and limited availability of product
data call for many simplifications of the analysis models. At the other end of scale,
specializedanalysts implement FEA to solve very advanced problems, such as vehicle crash
dynamics, hydro forming, or air bag deployment. This book focuses on how design engineers
use FEA as a design tool. Therefore, we first need to explain what exactly distinguishes FEA
performed by design engineers from "regular" FEA. We will then highlight the most essential
FEA characteristics for design engineers as opposed to those for analysts.
FEA for Design Engineers: another design tool
For design engineers, FEA is one of many design tools among CAD, Prototypes, spreadsheets,
catalogs, data bases, hand calculations, text books,etc. that are all used in the design process.
FEA for Design Engineers: based on CAD models
Modern design is conducted using CAD tools, so a CAD model is the starting point for analysis.
Since CAD models are used for describing geometric information for FEA, it is essential to
understand how to design in CAD in order to produce reliable FEA results, and how a CAD
model is different from FEA model. This will be discussed in later chapters.
Objectives of FEA for Design Engineers

The ultimate objective of using the FEA as a design tool is to change the design process from
repetitive cycles of "design, prototype, test" into streamlined process where prototypes are not
used as design tools and are only needed for final design verification. With the use of FEA,
design iterations are moved from the physical space of prototyping and testing into the virtual
space of computer simulations.
Performing a Typical ANSYS Analysis
The ANSYS program has many finite element analysis capabilities, ranging from a simple,
linear, static analysis to a complex, nonlinear, transient dynamic analysis. The analysis guide
manuals in the ANSYS documentation set describe specific procedures for performing
analyses for different engineering disciplines.
A typical ANSYS analysis has three distinct steps:
Build the model.
Apply loads and obtain the
solution. Review the results.
Building a Model
Building a finite element model requires more of an ANSYS user's time than any other part of
the analysis. First, you specify a jobname and analysis title. Then, you use the PREP7
preprocessor to define the element types, element real constants, material properties, and the
model geometry.

Specifying a Job name and Analysis Title

This task is not required for an analysis, but is recommended.

Defining the Jobname

The jobname is a name that identifies the ANSYS job. When you define a jobname for an
analysis, the jobname becomes the first part of the name of all files the analysis creates. (The
extension or suffix for these files' names is a file identifier such as .DB.) By using a jobname
for each analysis, you insure that no files are overwritten.If you do not specify a jobname, all
files receive the name FILE or file, depending on the operating system.
Command(s):
/FILNAME
GUI: Utility Menu>File>Change
Jobname
Defining Element Types
The ANSYS element library contains more than 100 different element types. Each element
type has a unique number and a prefix that identifies the element category: BEAM4,
PLANE77, SOLID96,etc.,
The element type determines, among other things:
The degree-of-freedom set (which in turn implies the discipline- structural, thermal,
magnetic, electric, quadrilateral, brick, etc.)
Whether the element lies in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space.

For example, BEAM4, has six structural degrees of freedom (UX, UY, UZ, ROTX, ROTY,
ROTZ), is a line element, and can be modeled in 3-D space. PLANE77 has a thermal degree
of freedom (TEMP), is an eight-node quadrilateral element,and can be modeled only in 2-D
space.

Defining Element Real Constants

Element real constants are properties that depend on the element type, such as cross-sectional
properties of a beam element. For example, real constants for BEAM3, the 2-D beam element,
are area (AREA), moment of inertia (IZZ), height (HEIGHT), shear deflection constant
(SHEARZ), initial strain (ISTRN), and added mass per unit length (ADDMAS). Not all element
types require real constants, and different elements of the same type may have different real
constant values.
As with element types, each set of real constants has a reference number, and the table of
reference number versus real constant set is called the real constant table. While defining the
elements, you point to the appropriate real constant reference number using the REAL
command (Main Menu> Preprocessor>Create>Elements>Elem Attributes).
Defining Material Properties
Most element types require material properties. Depending on the application, material
properties may be:
Linear or nonlinear
Isotropic, orthotropic, or anisotropic
Constant temperature or temperature-dependent.
As with element types and real constants, each set of material properties has a material reference
number. The table of material reference numbers versus material property sets is called the
material table. Within one analysis, you may have multiple material property sets (to correspond
with multiple materials used in the model). ANSYS identifies each set with a unique reference
number.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Models.
Creating the Model Geometry
Once you have defined material properties, the next step in an analysis is generating a finite
element model-nodes and elements-that adequately describes the model geometry.
There are two methods to create the finite element model: solid modeling and direct generation.
With solid modeling, you describe the geometric shape of your model, then instruct the ANSYS
program to automatically mesh the geometry with nodes and elements. You can control the size
and shape of the elements that the program creates. With direct
generation, you "manually" define the location of each node and the connectivity of each
element. Several convenience operations, such as copying patterns of existing nodes and
elements, symmetry reflection, etc. are available.
Apply Loads and Obtain the Solution
In this step, you use the SOLUTION processor to define the analysis type and analysis options,
apply loads, specify load step options, and initiate the finite element solution. You also can
apply loads using the PREP7 preprocessor.
Applying Loads
The word loads as used in this manual includes boundary conditions (constraints, supports, or
boundary field specifications) as well as other externally and internally applied loads. Loads in
the ANSYS program are divided into six categories:
 DOF
 Constraints
 Forces
 Surface Loads
 Body Loads
 Inertia Loads
 Coupled - field Loads

You can apply most of these loads either on the solid model (keypoints, lines, and areas) or the
finite element model (nodes and elements).
Two important load-related terms you need to know are load step and substep. A load step is
simply a configuration of loads for which you obtain a solution. In a structural analysis, for
example, you may apply wind loads in one load step and gravity in a second load step. Load
steps are also useful in dividing a transient load history curve into several segments.

Substeps are incremental steps taken within a load step. You use them mainly for accuracy and
convergence purposes in transient and nonlinear analyses. Substeps are also known as time steps-
steps taken over a period of time.
Initiating the Solution
To initiate solution calculations, use either of the
following:

Command(s):
SOLVE
GUI: Main Menu>Solution>Current LS

When you issue this command, the ANSYS program takes model and loading information from
the database and calculates the results. Results are written to the results file (Jobname.RST,
Jobname.RTH, Jobname.RMG, or Jobname.RFL) and also to the database. The only difference
is that only one set of results can reside in the database at one time, while you can write all sets
of results (for all substeps) to the results file.
Review the Results
Once the solution has been calculated, you can use the ANSYS postprocessors to review the
results.
General Steps
Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok

File – change job name – enter new job name – xxxx – ok File –
change title – enter new title – yyy – ok

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences select – STRUCTURAL - ok

Step 3: Preprocessor

Element type – select type of element from the table and the required options
Real constants – give the details such as thickness, areas, moment of inertia,
etc. required depending on the nature of the problem.
Material Properties – give the details such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s
ratio etc.depending on the nature of the problem.
Step 4: Modeling – create the required geometry such as nodes elements, area, volume
by using the appropriate options.
Step 5: Generate – Elements/ nodes using Mesh Tool if necessary (in 2D and 3D problems)
Step 6: Apply boundary conditions/loads such as DOF constraints, Force/Momentum,
Pressure etc.
Step 7: Solution – Solve the problem
Step 8: General Post Processor – plot / list the required results.
Step 9: Plot ctrls – animate – deformed shape – def+undeformed-ok
Step 10: To save the solution ansys tool bar- save,,,,model
 STATIC STRESS ANALYSIS OF BEAMS (CANTILEVER,
SIMPLY SUPPORTED, FIXED BEAM)

STATIC STRESS ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM

Ex No: Date:

Aim:

To perform static stress analysis for the given beams (Cantilever beam) using ansys.

SOFTWARE USED:

ANSYS 13.0

PROCEDURE:

1. PREFERENCE:

 Preference → structural → ok

2. PREPROCESSOR
3.
Element type
Preprocessor → element type →add → beam → 2node188→ok
Material property
Preprocessor → material property → material model → structural → linear → elastic
→ isotropic→ Ex (2e3) →PRxy (0.3)→ ok → close
Modeling

Preprocessor → section → beam → common section → section ID-1 → select sub

type → rectangle → enter L*B (150* 300) → ok
Preprocessor→ modeling → create → keypoints→ in active CS

KEYPOINTS X Y Z
1 0 0 0
2 2000 0 0
3 1000 0 0
 Preprocessor → modeling → create → line → straight line → draw the lines
b/w the keypoints

Meshing

Preprocessor→ meshing → mesh tool → set line option → pick line 1→ apply → ok

Select mesh → pick all →ok

4. SOLUTION:

Solution → define loads → apply →structural → displacement → on keypoints →

select first keypoint → ok → select all DOF → ok

Solution → define loads → apply → structural → force / moment → select third

keypoint 3 → select Fy (30e3) → ok

Solution → define loads → apply → structural → pressure → select element1 →

enter value 40

Solution → solve → current LS → ok

5. GENERAL POSTPROCESSOR:

General postproc → plot result → deformed shape &undeformed shape

General postprocessor → list result → nodal solution

Utility menu → plot ctrl → animation deformed shape

RESULT:

Thus the stress analysis of cantilever beam is performed using ANSYS and
results are plotted.
 STATIC STRESS ANALYSIS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
Ex No: Date:

Aim:

To perform static stress analysis for the given beams (Simply supported) using ansys.

SOFTWARE USED:

ANSYS 13.0

PROCEDURE:

PREFERENCE:

 Preference → structural → ok

PREPROCESSOR:
Element type
Preprocessor → element type →add → beam → 2node188→ok

Material property

Preprocessor → material property → material model → structural → linear → elastic

→ isotropic→ Ex (2e3) →PRxy (0.3)→ ok → close
Modeling

Preprocessor → section → beam → common section → section ID-1 → select sub

type → rectangle → enter L*B (132* 264) → ok
Preprocessor→ modeling → create → keypoints→ in active CS

Key points X Y
1. 0 0
2. 3000 0
 3. 4000 0
4. 6000 0
Preprocessor → modeling → create → line → straight line → draw the lines
b/w the keypoints

Meshing

Preprocessor→ meshing → mesh tool → set line option → pick line 1→ apply

→ ok Select mesh → pick all →ok

6. SOLUTION:

Solution → define loads → apply →structural → displacement → on

keypoints → select first keypoint → pick UX, UY, UZ and ROT Z, ok →
select all DOF → ok

Solution → define loads → apply →structural → displacement → on

keypoints → select last keypoint → pick UY, UZ and ROT Z, ok → select
all DOF → ok

Solution → define loads → apply → structural → force / moment →

select third keypoint 3 → select Fy (20e3) → ok

Solution → define loads → apply → structural → pressure → select

element1 → enter value 40

Solution → solve → current LS → ok

7. GENERAL POSTPROCESSOR:

General postproc → plot result → deformed shape &undeformed

shape General postprocessor → list result → nodal solution

Utility menu → plot ctrl → animation deformed shape

RESULT:
 STATIC STRESS ANALYSIS OF FIXED BEAM
Ex No: Date:

Aim:

To perform static stress analysis for the given beams (Fixed supported) using ansys.

SOFTWARE USED:

ANSYS 13.0

PROCEDURE:

PREFERENCE:

 Preference → structural → ok

PREPROCESSOR
Element type
Preprocessor → element type →add → beam → 2node188→ok

Material property

Preprocessor → material property → material model → structural → linear → elastic

→ isotropic→ Ex (2e3) →PRxy (0.3)→ ok → close
Modeling

Preprocessor → section → beam → common section → section ID-1 → select sub

type → rectangle → enter L*B (572* 1144) → ok
Preprocessor→ modeling → create → keypoints→ in active CS
 Key points X Y
1. 0 0
2. 4000 0
3. 6000 0
4. 8000 0

Preprocessor → modeling → create → line → straight line → draw

the lines b/w the keypoints
Meshing
Preprocessor→ meshing → mesh tool → set line option → pick line 1→ apply
→ ok Select mesh → pick all →ok

8. SOLUTION:

Solution → define loads → apply →structural → displacement → on

keypoints → select first keypoint → ok → select all DOF → ok
Solution → define loads → apply → structural → force / moment →
select third keypoint 3 → select Fy (80e3) → ok
Solution → define loads → apply → structural → pressure → select
element1 → enter value 160
Solution → solve → current LS → ok

9. GENERAL POSTPROCESSOR:

General postproc → plot result → deformed shape &undeformed

shape General postprocessor → list result → nodal solution

Utility menu → plot ctrl → animation deformed shape

RESULT:
 STRESS ANALYSIS OF A RECTANGULAR PLATE WITH
CILRCULAR HOLE
Ex No: Date:

Aim:

To perform static stress analysis for the given rectangular plate with
circular hole using ANSYS

Description:

A steel plate of dimension ( 100 × 15 × 25mm ) having 3 holes of

diameter 3mm, 5mm & 10mm. It is fixed at one end and force of 20 KN
acts on the other end of the plate. The stress induced at the holes due to
the force is to be determined.

DIAGRAM:
Φ5mm Φ10mm
Φ3mm

25mm 20KN

25mm 25mm 25mm 25mm

Formula used:

1. Normal stress
( )

P – Load (N).

w – Width of the plate

(mm). d – Diameter of

hole (mm).

t – Thickness of the plate (mm).

 2. Maximum stress

Kf – Stress concentration factor.

PROCEDURE:

Pre-processing: Defining the Problem

1. Open ANSYS APDL from start menu.

2. Define the type of problem,

Pre-processor → preference → structural → ok

3. Define the Type of Element
Pre-processor → Element Type → Add/Edit/Delete [Add the element: Solid -
PLANE82]
4. Define Geometric Properties
Pre-processor → Real Constants → Add/Edit/Delete [Enter a thickness as 15mm]
5. Element Material Properties
Pre-processor → Material Properties → Material models → Structural → linear
→ Elastic → Isotropic [We are going to give the properties of Steel. Enter the following
when prompted: EX – 2.1E5, PRXY – 0.3]
6. Create the main rectangular shape
Pre-processor → Modelling → Create → Areas → Rectangle → By 2 Corners
[Enter the following values: WPX – 0, WPY – 0, Width – 100, Height – 25]
7. Create the circle
Pre-processor → Modelling → Create → Areas → Circle → Solid Circle [Enter
the following values: Circle 1: WPX – 25, WPY – 12.5, Radius – 1.5; Circle 2: WPX
– 50,
WPY – 12.5, Radius – 2.5; Circle 3: WPX – 75, WPY – 12.5, Radius – 5]

8. Subtraction of circles

Pre-processor → Modelling → Operate → Booleans → Subtract → Areas [First

select the base area from which the area has to be deleted (rectangle) and then select the
area that has to be deleted (circle).
9. Meshing
Pre-processor → mesh → mesh tool → Areas [set] → select the area → apply →
enter element size as 10 → ok
Click mesh → select the area → ok

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

10. Define constraints

 Solution → define load → apply → structural → displacement → on lines [Select
the line, select all DOF & click ok]

11. Define load

Solution → define load → apply → structural → pressure → on line [Select the

line, enter the pressure value as 53.33 N/mm2]

12. Solving the System

Solution → Solve → Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results

13. Deflection

General Postproc → Plot Results → Nodal Solution → DOF solution → X-

component

14. Stress

General Postproc → Plot Results → Nodal Solution → von mises stress

15. Stress values

General postproc → list result → nodal solution → von mises stress [Note down
the stress values on respective nodes.

Result:
 STRESS ANALYSIS OF A RECTANGULAR L-BRACKET
Ex No: Date:
AIM:
To determine a deform shape and stress analysis for a given L- bracket using ANSYS
software.

FORMULA USED:
M / I= b/ Y
Where,
M - Bending moment

I - Moment of inertia of cross sectional area

b- Bending stress
Y - Distance from neutral axis to the outer most fiber

PROCEDURE:
The modules available in ANSYS are ,
i. Preferences
ii. Pre- Processor
iii. Solution
iv. General Post Processor module
1. Preferences > Structural > OK
2. In Pre Processor module, element type for analysis in chosen by Pre-
Processor > Element type > Add > Solid >Quad 4 node 182
2. The Material properties are given by Pre – Processor > Material modal > Linear >
Elastic
> Isotropic >Define young’s modulus and Poisson ratio
3. Modeling of the L section
Modeling > Create >Area > Rectangle > By 2 Corners > X=0,Y=0,Width= 335,Height=
70
Modeling > Create >Area > Rectangle > By 2 Corners > X=165,Y=70,Width= 70,
Height = 150
Modeling > Create >Area > Circle > Solid circle > X=300,
Y=220,Radius=45 Modeling >Operate > Boolean > Add > Areas> Pick all
> OK
Modeling > Create >Area > Circle > Solid circle > X=300,
Y=220,Radius=35 Modeling >Delete > Areas Only > Pick the areas to be
deleted > OK
4. The area is divided into finite no. of elements by Meshing > mesh tool > Area
>Pick all>Edge Length = 20 >mesh tool > mesh.
5. The boundary condition is defined at the both end after beam by arresting
displacements in Y- direction by Solution > loads > structural > displacement > on areas
>arrest All DOF.
6. Load is applied on the nodes at the top edge by solution> loads >Structural > Force
> on nodes
7. Now the system is ready to solve and is done by solution > solve > current L.S.
8. By general post processor > Plot result > counter plot > nodal solution.> DOF
solution > displacement
9. The stress is also obtained by General post processor > plot result > counter plot >
Nodal solution> Von-Mises Stress

RESULT:
 STRESS ANALYSIS OF AN AXIS -SYMMETRIC COMPONENT
Ex No: Date :

AIM:

To analyze a cylindrical pressure vessel (axis symmetric) for hoop stress and longitudinal
stress

DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem:

1. Give example a Title

Utility Menu > File > Change Title...
2. Open preprocessor menu
ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor
3. Create Areas
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By Dimensions
4. Add Areas Together
Preprocessor > Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Add > Areas
5. Define the Type of Element
Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... For this problem we will use the PLANE2
[Axisymmetric]
6. Define Element Material Properties
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic
7. Define Mesh Size
Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls>ManualSize> Areas > All Areas [An element edge
length of 2mm]
8. Mesh the frame
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > click 'Pick All'
Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving:

1. Define Analysis Type

Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static
2. Apply Constraints
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > Symmetry B.C. > On
Lines Pick the two edges on the left, at x=0. Utility Menu > Select > Entities [Select
Nodes and By Location from the scroll down menus. Click Y coordinates and type in 50]
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Nodes > Pick All
Constrain the nodes in the y-direction (UY).
3. Utility Menu > Select > Entities

[In the select entities window, click Select All to reselect all nodes.]
4. Apply Loads

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On Key points [Pick
the top left corner of the area and click OK. Apply a load of 100 in the FY direction.
Pick the bottom left corner of the area and click OK. Apply a load of -100 in the FY
direction. ]
5. Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results

1. Determine the Stress Through the Thickness of the Tube

 Utility Menu > Select > Entities...

Select Nodes > By Location > Y coordinates and type 45, 55 in the Min, Max box.

 General Postproc> List Results > Nodal Solution > Stress > Components
SCOMP
2. Plotting the Elements as Axisymmetric

Utility Menu >PlotCtrls> Style > Symmetry Expansion > 2-D Axi-symmetric...

RESULT:
 MODAL ANALYSIS OF BEAMS (CANTILEVER, FIXED,
SIMPLY SUPPORTED)

MODAL ANALYSIS OF BEAMS CANTILEVER BEAM

Ex. No. Date:

AIM

To perform modal analysis of a (cantilever beam) using ANSYS

PROCEDURE :

1. The modules available in ANSYS are

i. Preferences

ii. Pre-Processor

iii. Solution

iv. General post processor module

2. In the pre-processor module the element type for the analysis of the cantilever beam is

Chosen

Pre-processor > element type > add > beam3 > 2D ELASTIC 3

3. The Density & Young Modulus are given.

Main menu > Pre-processor > Material properties > Enter the Density & Young Modulus

4. Create two key points and a line to connect the points.

Modeling > create > key points > inactive c.s

Modeling > create > lines > between key points.

5. Mesh the line using mesh tool.

Main menu > Pre-processor > Meshing > mesh tool > line > mesh.

6. The boundary condition is defined for the beam.

Solutions > load > structural > displacement > On Left Key point > all DOF.

7. Solution: Assigning loads and solving, Define analysis type

Solution > analysis type > new analysis > modal

8. Set options for analysis type:

Solution > Analysis type > Analysis options….

Enter 10 for no. of modes to extract and no. of modes to expand in subspace and
Expand mode shapes.

9. Reduced method is chosen.

10. Apply constrains

Solution > Define loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement < On

Key points.

11. Solve the system

Solution > Solve > Current LS

12. Post processing: Viewing the results

General Postproc > Result Summary.

13. To view mode shapes

General Postproc > Read results > First set

General Postproc > Plot results > Deformed shape

Repeat the process for the next set to view the next mode shapes.

14. To Animate mode shapes

Utility menu > Plot ctrls > Animate > Mode shapes

RESULT :
 MODAL ANALYSIS OF BEAMS

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

Ex. No. Date:

AIM :

To perform modal analysis of a (simply supported) beam using ANSYS

PROCEDURE:

1. The modules available in ANSYS are

i. Preferences

ii. Pre-Processor

iii. Solution

iv. General post processor module

2. In the pre-processor module the element type for the analysis of the Simply Supported
beam is

chosen

Pre-processor > element type > add > beam3 > 2DELASTIC 3

3. The Young Modulus and Material Density are given.

Main menu > Pre-processor > Material Properties > Enter the Young Modulus & Density

4. Create two key points and a line to connect the points.

Modeling > create > key points > inactive c.s

Modeling > create > lines > between key points.

5. Mesh the line using mesh tool.

Main menu > Pre-processor > Meshing > mesh tool > line > mesh.

6. The boundary condition is defined for the beam.

Solutions > load > structural > displacement > on key points > UY

7. Solution: Assigning loads and solving

Define analysis type

Solution > analysis type > new analysis > modal

8. Set options for analysis type:

Solution > Analysis type > Analysis options

Enter 10 for no. of modes to extract and no. of modes to expand in subspace and

Expand mode shapes.

9. Reduced method is chosen.

10. Apply constrains

Solution > Define loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > on key points.

11. Solve the system

Solution > Solve > Current LS

12. Post processing: Viewing the results

General post processing > Result Summary.

13. To view mode shapes

General post processing > Read results > First set

General post processing > Plot results > Deformed shape

Repeat the process for the next set to view the next mode shapes.

14. To Animate mode shapes

Utility menu > Plot ctrls > Animate > Mode shapes

RESULT :
 MODAL ANALYSIS OF BEAMS

FIXED BEAM
Ex. No. Date:

AIM

To perform modal analysis of a (Fixed beam) using ANSYS

PROCEDURE

1. The modules available in ANSYS are

i. Preferences

ii. Pre-Processor

iii. Solution

iv. General post processor module

2. In the pre-processor module the element type for the analysis of the Fixed beam is

Chosen

Pre-processor > element type > add > beam3 > 2D ELASTIC 3

3. The Young Modulus and Material Density are given.

Main menu > Pre-processor > Material Properties > Enter the Young Modulus & Density

4. Create two key points and a line to connect the points.

Modeling > create > key points > inactive c.s

Modeling > create > lines > between key points.

5. Mesh the line using mesh tool.

Main menu > Pre-processor > Meshing > mesh tool > line > mesh.

6. The boundary condition is defined for the beam.

Solutions > load > structural > displacement > on key points > All DOF

7. Solution: Assigning loads and solving

Define analysis type

Solution > analysis type > new analysis > modal

8. Set options for analysis type:

Solution > Analysis type > Analysis options….

Enter 10 for no. of modes to extract and no. of modes to expand in subspace and
Expand mode shapes.

9. Reduced method is chosen.

10. Apply constrains

Solution > Define loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On key points.

11. Solve the system

Solution > Solve > Current LS

12. Post processing: Viewing the results

General post processing > Result Summary.

13. To view mode shapes

General post processing > Read results > First set

General post processing > Plot results > Deformed shape

Repeat the process for the next set to view the next mode shapes.

14. To Animate mode shapes

Utility menu > Plot ctrls > Animate > Mode shapes

RESULT :
 Mode Frequency analysis of 2d component.
Ex No: Date:

Aim:

To perform a mode frequency analysis of the given component using ANSYS

Description:

 A simply supported steel plate of dimension ( 1000 × 500 × 25mm ).

 A fixed circular plate with thickness 25mm and diameter 200mm

Diagram:

500

1000
Formula used:
Procedure:

Rectangular plate :

Pre-processing: Defining the Problem

1. Open ANSYS APDL from start menu.

2. Define the type of problem,

Pre-processor → preference → structural → ok

3. Define the Type of Element

Pre-processor → Element Type → Add/Edit/Delete [Add the element: Solid -

PLANE82]

4. Define Geometric Properties

Pre-processor → Real Constants → Add/Edit/Delete [Enter a thickness as 25mm]

5. Element Material Properties

Pre-processor → Material Properties → Material models → Structural → linear →

Elastic → Isotropic [We are going to give the properties of Steel. Enter the following when
prompted: EX – 2.1E11, PRXY – 0.3]

Pre-processor → Material Properties → Material models → Structural → Density [

Enter the density value as 7700]

6. Create the main rectangular shape

Pre-processor → Modelling → Create → Areas → Rectangle → By 2 Corners [Enter

the following values: WPX – 0, WPY – 0, Width – 1, Height – .5]

7. Meshing

Pre-processor → mesh → mesh tool → Areas [set] → select the area → apply →
enter element size as 10 → ok

Click mesh → select the area → ok

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

8. Analysis type

Solution → Analysis type → New analysis → Modal → ok

Analysis type → Analysis Option [ no of modes to extract – 10 ; Nmode number of

modes to expand 10] → ok
9. Define constraints

Solution → define load → apply → structural → displacement → on lines [Select the

left and right lines, select UY & click ok]

Solution → define load → apply → structural → displacement → on lines [Select the

Bottom and top lines, select UX & click ok]

10. Solving the System

Solution → Solve → Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results

11. Mode Shape

General Postproc → Read Results → by pick [Select the frequency and click read] →
close

Plot controls → animate → Mode shape [select DOF solution ; Deformed shape] →
ok

12. Repeat step 11 for different frequency values.

Circular plate :

Pre-processing: Defining the Problem

1. Define the type of problem,

Pre-processor → preference → structural → ok

2. Define the Type of Element

Pre-processor → Element Type → Add/Edit/Delete [Add the element: Solid -

PLANE82]

3. Define Geometric Properties

Pre-processor → Real Constants → Add/Edit/Delete [Enter a thickness as 25mm]

4. Element Material Properties

Pre-processor → Material Properties → Material models → Structural → linear →

Elastic → Isotropic [We are going to give the properties of Steel. Enter the following when
prompted: EX – 2.1E11, PRXY – 0.3]

Pre-processor → Material Properties → Material models → Structural → Density [

Enter the density value as 7700]

5. Create the circular shape

Pre-processor → Modelling → Create → Areas → circle → solid circle [Enter the

following values: WPX – 0, WPY – 0, Radius = .1]
7. Meshing

Pre-processor → mesh → mesh tool → Areas [set] → select the area → apply →
enter element size as 10 → ok

Click mesh → select the area → ok

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

8. Analysis type

Solution → Analysis type → New analysis → Modal → ok

Analysis type → Analysis Option [ no of modes to extract – 10 ; Nmode number

of modes to expand 10] → ok

9. Define constraints

Solution → define load → apply → structural → displacement → on lines [Select

Circumference, select all Dof & click ok]

10. Solving the System

Solution → Solve → Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results

11. Mode Shape

General Postproc → Read Results → by pick [Select the frequency and click read]
→
close

Plot controls → animate → Mode shape [select DOF solution ; Deformed shape]
→
ok

12. Repeat step 11 for different frequency values. Result:

RESULT :
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF A 2 D COMPONENT
Ex No: Date:

AIM:

To find the convective heat transfer analysis of a 2 D component.

DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1) Preference > Thermal > ok

2) Preprocessor > Element type > Add/edit/delete > add > solid > Quad4node55 > ok
3) Material properties > material models > thermal > conductivity(Enter the value 50
w/mk)
4) Modeling > create > areas > rectangle > by 2 corners (Enter the value
w=0.012m;h=0.1m)
5) Meshing > mesh tool > area set > pick the area > ok > size element > edge
length(0.02m) > ok
6) Mesh tool > mesh > pick the area > ok
7) Loads > define loads > apply > thermal > convection > on lines > pick the inside
lines > ok(Enter the value of inside h and inside T) > on lines > pick the outside lines
> ok(Enter the value of outside h and outside T)
8) Solution > solve > current LS
9) See the result in General post processor > list results > nodal solution > DOF solution
> nodal temperature > ok

RESULT:
 CONDUCTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF A 2-D ELEMENT
Ex No : Date :

AIM:

To Conduct heat transfer analysis of a 2-D element for the given example and
determine the temperature at the specified points.

DIAGRAM:

FORMULAE USED:

Q = Toverall/R

h1 = + +

T1, T2, T3, T4 = Temperatures of wall section

R = Resistance
k1, k2, k3 = Thermal Conductivity (W/mK)
A1, A2, A3 = Area of wall
q = heat flux

PROCEDURE:

 Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

1. Give example a Title

2. Open pre-processor menu
ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor
3. Define the Type of Element
Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete> click 'Add' > Select Link 3D
conduction 33

4. Define Real Constants

Preprocessor >Real Constants>Add>Select the element>Define Cross-sectional area as
1

5. Element Material Properties

Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Conductivity > Isotropic >
KXX1 = 1.05 (Thermal conductivity) > Select New Model > KXX2 = 0.15> Select new
model> KXX3 = 0.85

6. Create geometry
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create >Key points>On active CS >By dimensions> X=0,
Y=0, Z=0 , X=0.25, X=0.37, X=0.57
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create >lines>Straight lines

7. Mesh
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh Attributes>Picked Lines > Pick the line>OK> Define
the Material Number

Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh Tool> Pick Lines> OK> Edge Length > .05> OK>
Mesh

8. Define Loads

Preprocessor >Loads > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On
Keypoints> Define The Temp at T1=850 and T2= 65

 Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

1. Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

 Post processing: Viewing the Results

1. Results Using
ANSYS Plot
Temperature
General Postproc> Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solution > DOF
solution, Temperature
General Postproc> List Results > Nodal Solution > Report for Node 7 and 9

RESULT:
 THERMAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF 2D COMPONENT
Ex No : Date :

AIM:

To perform thermal stress analysis of a given 2D component using solid works

simulation software.

DIAGRAM

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION:

A rectangular plate of dimensions 50mm×25mm×2.5mm in subjected to a uniform

temperature from 0oC to 38oC. Determine the maximum displacement and normal stress in X
direction. The properties of the plate are, Young’s modulus (E) =2.1×10ˆ5 N/mm2, Poisson’s
ratio (ν) =.28 and thermal coefficient of expansion (α) =1.3×10ˆ-5 K-1

FORMULA USED:

Normal stress in X direction = EαΔΤ

1. Displacement in Y direction = αΔTb(1+ ν)

Where, E → Young’s modulus

α → Thermal co-efficient

ΔΤ → Temperature difference

b → Breadth

ν → Poisson’s ratio

PROCEDURE:

1. Open ANSYS APDL from start menu.

 2. Give Title name.
File → Change title → Enter new title → ok.

PREFERENCE:

3. Define the type of problem,

Preferences → structural & thermal→ ok

PREPROCESSOR:

4. Define the Type of Element

Pre-processor → Element Type → Add/Edit/Delete → Add → Solid → Quad
4 node 182 → ok → options → plane strs w/thk → ok → close.

5. Define Geometric Properties

Preprocessor → Real Constants → Add/Edit/Delete → Add → ok → THK =
0.0025m → ok → close
6. Element Material Properties
Pre-processor → Material Properties → Material models → Structural →
linear → Elastic → Isotropic → EX = 2.1×10ˆ11 & PRXY = 0.24 → ok → Thermal
expansion → Secant coefficient →Isotropic → ALPX = 1.3×10ˆ-5 → ok → close.
7. Create the main rectangular shape
Pre-processor → Modeling → Create → Areas → Rectangle → By 2 Corners
→ WP X – 0, WP Y = 0, Width = .05, Height .025 → ok.

8. Meshing
Pre-processor → mesh → mesh tool → Areas [set] → select the area → apply
→ enter element size = .001 → ok → mesh → select the area → ok

9. Define temperature
Solution → define loads → apply → structural →temperature → on lines →
Pick line → ok → VAL1 temperature = 273 → apply → Pick line → ok → VAL1
temperature = 311 → ok.

SOLUTION:

10. Solving the System

Solution → Solve → Current LS.
GENERAL POSTPROCESSOR:
11. Stress
General Postproc → Plot Results → Contour Plot → Nodal Solution → Nodal Solution →
X component of stress → ok.

12. Stress values

General postproc → list result → Nodal Solution → Nodal Solution → X
component of stress → ok → Note values from the table.

13. Displacement values

Note the value of DMX

RESULT:
 HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF 2D COMPONENT
Ex No: Date :

AIM:

To calculate the peak vs displacement and bending stress at the centre of square plate
of side 10m and thickness 0.05m subjected to a steady state harmonic pressure

All dimensions are in mm

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION:

To calculate and perform harmonic analysis of a given 2D component with the

given dimensions of side 10m and thickness 0.05m

PROCEDURE:

1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name.

Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title.

2. Preference > Structural > OK.

3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > Solid 8node 82 > options > plane
stress with thickness > close.

4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > thickness = 0.05 > Ok

5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 200 E9, PRXY = 0.3 & Density = 8000.

6. Preprocessor>Modeling>create>Areas>Rectangle> By dimensions>Enter the Value

7. Preprocessor > meshing > mesh tool > size control > Areas >Enter the Element edge
length > Ok > mesh > Areas > free> pick all.
8. Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > harmonic > OK > analysis options >
real + imaginary (full solution method).

9. Solution > define loads > apply > structural > force/moment > on nodes > click right
corner
> FY real value> Enter the Value & Imaginary value = 0 >

Ok. 10.Solve > current L.S > ok.

11. Load step option > time frequency > frequency & sub steps > Enter the Value >
stepped > Ok.

12. Time history postprocessor > variable viewer > add > nodal solution > DOF solution >
Y- component of displacement > click right corner > ok > graph data > Ok.

13. Utility Menu > plot controls > style > graphs > modify axis ( change the Y-axis
scale to logarithmic)

14. Utility menu > plot > replot.

RESULT:
 VIVA QUESTION BANK

1. Define element and node?

2. List the steps in FEA?
3. What are the different types of elements used in FEA?
4. What are the different types of stresses and strain in an object?
5. Write the equilibrium equation?
6. Write the [L] Matrix for a 3D problem?
7. Define Minimum potential energy approach?
8. List different software uses FEA as tool?
9. What are the different weighted residual methods?
10. List the advantages of FEA?
11. How is minimum number of degrees of freedom per node determined in an element?
Give an example.
12. Distinguish between essential and non-essential boundary conditions.
13. Express the constitutive matrix for a plane strain condition.
14. Give the compact representation of shape function for a four-node quadrilateral
element.
15. How are in an isoparametric element the constant strain and rigid body conditions
met?
16. What is static condensation? State any of its applications.
17. Name different types of dynamic analysis. Give one application for each.
18. Distinguish between consistent mass matrix and lumped mass matrix.
19. Express the governing equation for heat conduction in a solid body in cylindrical
coordinate system.
20. State two applications where fluid structure interaction is involved.
21. List four advantages of finite element analysis.
22. Explain the following terms clearly: Nodes, Primary nodes, Secondary nodes and internal
 nodes.
23. Define shape function and write its properties.
24. What are the higher order elements? Where are they preferred?
25. State the isoparametric concept in finite element analysis.
26. What is Gaussian quadrature integration technique?
27. Write lumped and consistent mass matrices for an axial element.
28. Write one example for explicit and implicit methods for numerical integration.
29. Write the governing differential equation for a two dimensional heat transfer
problem.
30. The definitions for translation and rotation of fluids are not quite the same as for rigid
bodies. Justify the statement.
31. What is a boundary value problem? Give an example.
32. State the properties of shape functions.
33. What are higher order elements?
34.List few dimensional field problems.
35.What is an isoparametric element?
36. What is meant by plane strain problem?
37. How do axisymmetric problems differ from two dimensional problems?
38. What are h and p elements?
39. Write down the governing differential equation for longitudinal vibration.
40. What are the properties of stiffiness matrices?
41. What is the basic difference between bar and beam elements?
42. State the use of shape functions.
43. How is a quadratic triangular element different from linear triangular element?
44. Define the term “static condensation”.
45. What is lumped mass matrix?
46. Give the advantage and limitation of ritz vectors
47. State any two non-linear problems in finite element analysis
48. Explain the analogies between structural, heat transfer and fluid mechanics.
49. What are the limitations of ID elements?
50. What is the need for adopting penalty approach?
51. Distinguish between CST and LST elements.
52. What are serendipity elements?
53. Give the compact representation of shape functions of a four-node quadrilateral
element.
54. Sketch a quadratic strain brick element.
55. Specify the mass matrix for a truss element having four degreed of freedom.
56. State the required condition for solving dynamic problems as specified by characteristic
polynomial method.
57. Sketch a differential element depicting two dimensional conduction with surface
convection.
58. Define the stream function for a one dimensional incompressible flow.
59. Define aspect ratio. State its significance
60. Classify boundary conditions. Give examples.
61. State the conditions to be satisfied in order to use axisymmetric elements.
62. Sketch a quadratic strain tetrahedron element.
63. What is meant by isoparametric formulation?
64. What is meant by static condensation? State its significance.
65. What is called finite element semi discretization? Give an example.
66. What are some differences between implicit and explicit methods of numerical
integration?

67. Define element capacitance matrix for unsteady state heat transfer problems.
68. Define the stream function for a two – dimensional incompressible flow.
69. What are the situations that demand the use of finite element method for
engineering analysis?

70. State the characteristics of stiffness matrix.

71. What is CST element? Why is it called so?
72. Why are super parametric elements not much used in engineering element?
73. Express the interpolation function corresponding to node 4 of a cubic triangular
element.
74. What is static condensation?
75. What is mean by coordinate transformation?
76. What are the properties of axis symmetry elements?
77. Compare the principle of virtual force and the principle of virtual
displacement.
78. Specify any two applications of FEA in fluid mechanics.
79. What do you understand by discretization of domain?
80. What role did the computer play in the use of the finite element method?
81. Distinguish between local global coordinate system.
82. Define transformation mapping.
83. Write down the consistent mass matrix for a bar element.
84. Clearly explain about the classification of direct integration techniques.
85. A burner is heating a spot on a two dimensional body. How do you attempt to model this?
86. What is the effect of mesh size on the accuracy of solution?
87. Explain variational methods of formulation of boundary value problem.
88. What is area co-ordinate used in FEM?
89. What are gauss propositions to derive the gauss quadrature ?
90. What are the plane stress and strain conditions represented in solid mechanics?
91. With an example explain the element and global stiffness matrix.
92. Write strain displacement relations for 3D strain conditions.
93. Write the displacement functions for a second order triangular element.
94. What are the salient features of a shape function?
95.Compare the beam and bar elements used in FEM.
96.Explain the principle of stationery potential energy.
97.What are shell elements?
98. What kind of elements is used for torsional problems?
99. Differentiate Pathline and streamline .
100. What is Gaussian quadrature ?
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Teaching and Research.
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Design using fundamental principles in combination with modern engineering tools and methods.
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provide innovative solutions using the design paradigms.
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through which they would provide impetus to develop solutions that would lead to next generation
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