Basic Concepts
Basic Concepts
Solution:
Assets = Liabilities + Capital
3,000 = 1,090 + x
3,000 - 1,090 = x
1,910 = x
d) ? 2,000 2,009
$ $ $
Solution:
Assets = Liabilities + Capital
x = 2,000 + 2,009
x = 4,009
e) ? 3,100 4,790
$ $ $
Solution:
Assets = Liabilities + Capital
x = 3,100 + 4,790
x = 7,890
f) 4,723 3,232 ?
$ $ $
Solution:
Assets = Liabilities + Capital
4,723 = 3,232 + x
4,723 - 3,232 = x
1,491 = x
Q4. Which of the items in the following list are asstes and liabilites?
a) Motor vehicle (A) b) Loan from Mr. C (L)
c) Bank (A) d) Rent payable (L)
e) Furniture (A) f) Cash (A)
Q5. Which of the items in the following list are asstes and liabilites?
a) Stocks (A) b) Tables and chairs (A)
c) Electricity bill payable (L) d) Building (A)
e) Bank loan (L)
Q6. Which of the items in the following list are asstes and liabilites?
a) Telephone bill payable (L) b) Telephone set (A)
c) Salaries payable (L) d) Cheque received (A)
e) Creditors (L)
Accounting equation:
At year start:
Assets = Liability + Capital
At Year end:
Assets = Liability + Capital + Net profit - Drawing + Additional investment
OR
Assets = Liability + Capital - Net Loss - Drawing + Additional investment
OR
Net Assets = Assets - Liability
OR
Net Assets = Capital + Net profit - Drawing + Additional investment
Solution:
Assets = Liabilities + Capital + Net profit -
65,000 = 18,000 + 22,000 + x -
65,000 = 43,000 + x
65,000 - 43,000 = + x
22,000 = x
Solution:
Assets = Liabilities + Capital + Net profit -
78,000 = 15,000 + x + 30,000 -
78,000 = 37,000 + x
78,000 - 37,000 = + x
41,000
Solution:
Assets = Liabilities + Capital - Net Loss -
x = 22,000 + 18,000 - 4,000 -
x = 46,000
Solution:
Net Assets = Capital + Net profit - Dawing +
85000 = 40,000 + 12000 - x +
85,000 = 88,000 - x
85,000 - 88,000
-3000 = - x
3000 = x
Solution:
Assets = Liabilities + Capital + Net profit -
105,000 = x + 42,000 + 15,000 -
105,000 = x + 54,000
105,000 - 54,000 = x
51,000 = x
Q10. Draw up N. Marriott's statement of financial position from the following information
as at 31 December 2011: (Accounting equation)
$
Capital 20,700
Account Receivable 800
Car 8,300
Account payable 3,600
Equipment 7,900
Inventory 5,700
Cash at bank 1,600
Solution:
Assets = Liability + Capital
$ $ $
Account Receivable 800 = Account payable 3,600 + 20,700
Car 8,300
Equipment 7,900
Inventory 5,700
Cash at bank 1,600
24,300 = 3,600 + 20,700
Q11. Draw up Mr. M statement of financial position as at 30 June 2012 from the following
items:
$
Capital 10,200
Equipment 3,400
Account payable 4,100
Inventory 3,600
Accounts receivable 4,500
Cash at bank 2,800
Solution:
Assets = Liability + Capital
Equipment 3,400 Account payable 4,100 10,200
Inventory 3,600
Accounts receivable 4,500
Cash at bank 2,800
14,300 = 4,100 + 10,200
###
###
###
###
###
(NCA) - Tangible
A) - Tangible
Dawing + Additional investment
5,000 + 8,000
Q1. Complete the columns to show the effects of the following transactions:
Assets = Liability +
$ = $ +
a) $500 paid to creditors in cash (500) (500)
b) $600 cheque received from customers 600
(600)
c) Proprietor introduced $500 into business in cash 500 =
d) Bought some furniture at $2,000 on credit 2,000 = 2,000
e) Sold some old furniture at $200 on cash 200
(200)
g) Mr. King lends the business $2,500 in cash 2,500 = 2,500
4,500 = 4,000 +
Q2. Complete the columns to show the effects of the following transactions:
Assets = Liability +
$ $
a) Debtors paid $500 by cheque. 500
(500)
b) Paid loan by cheque to Mr. Smith amount $1,000 (1,000) = (1,000)
c) Bought material for credit at amount $2,000 2,000 = 2,000
d) We paid to supplier by cheque $1,500 (1,500) = (1,500)
e) Owner introduced some further cash $2,500 2,500 =
f) We returned goods to supplier $500 (500) = (500)
g) Customer paid $700 in cash 700
(700)
1500 = (1,000) +
Q3. Complete the columns to show the effects of the following transactions:
Assets = Liability +
$ $
a) Proprietor put first time cash $5,000 5,000 =
b) Bought building paying $5,000 in cash 5,000
(5,000)
c) Bought extra furniture $500 by cheque 500
(500)
d) Sold motor vehicle at amount $1,000 by cash 1,000
(1,000)
e) Machinery sold for at amount $5,000 by cash 5,000
(5,000)
f) Receipt payments $2,000 from debtors 2,000
(2,000)
5,000 =
Q4. Complete the columns to show the effects of the following transactions:
Assets = Liability +
a) Purchase material from Mr. Smith for credit $7,200 7,200 = 7,200
b) Mr. Smith bought goods $200 by cheque 200
(200)
c) Mr. King paid us $250 by cash 250
(250)
d) Mr. Walker lend us $2,000 2,000 = 2,000
e) We paid Mr. Smith $7,200 by cheque (7,200) = (7,200)
f) Proprietor introduced his car amount $2,500 into business 2,500 =
4,500 = 2,000 +
Q5. Complete the columns to show the effects of the following transactions:
Assets = Liability +
$ = $ +
a) Sold motor vehicle at amount $16,000 by cash 16,000
(16,000)
b) We returned good $900 to supplier (900) = (900)
c) Receipt payments $7,000 from debtors 7,000
(7,000)
d) Bought premises paying $7,000 by cash 7,000
(7,000)
e) Mr. King lends the business $1,500 in cash 1,500 = 1,500
f) $600 cheque received from customer 600
(600)
600 = 600 +
Q6. Complete the columns to show the effects of the following transactions:
Assets = Liability +
$
a) Started business with $2,000 cash 2,000 =
b) Returned faulty furniture costing $65 to Betta Built Ltd. (65) = (65)
c) Paid to Super Motor a cheque for $890 (890) = (890)
d) Took $400 out of the bank and put it into the cash till 400
(400)
e) Repaid part of Chow's loan by cash $150 (150) = (150)
f) Paid the amount owing to Planers Ltd. $750 by cheque (750) = (750)
145 = (1,855) +
Capital
$
500
500
Capital
$
2,500
2,500
Capital
$
5,000
5,000
Capital
2,500
2,500
Capital
$
Capital
$
2,000
2,000
TSA Kit
Basic concept
Page no 19 to 24
(ignore Q7, 13, 14,15)
Q2. When goods are taken out of the business for personal use by owner of a business,
these will be recorded as:
A. Drawings
B. As expense
C. Stock
D. A liability
Q7. The capital of a sole trader would be change as a result of: Asset = Liability + Capital + Net profit - drawing + ad
A. A creditor being paid his account by cheque
B. Raw materials being purchased on credit
C. Fixed assets being purchased on credit.
D. Wages being paid in cash
Q9. The owner of a small business draws out some money for personal use. Which of the following
correctly states the effect of drawings upon the accounting equation?
A. Assets increase, capital increases
B. Assets decrease, capital increase
C. Assets decrease, capital decrease
D. Assets decrease, liability decrease
Q10. The assets of an organization with owner's equity $100,000 and liabilities $50,000
A. $50,000 Assets = Liability +
B. $150,000 150,000 = 50,000 +
C. $100,000
D. None of the above
Q13. If the owner of a business withdraws cash from the business bank account in order
to meet her own expenses, this is classified as drawings. This is an example of the
operation of:
A. Internal control
B. Personal ledger accounting
C. Segregation of duties
D. The separate entity principle.
Q14. When stock is purchased on credit: Assets = Liability
A. Net assets and owner's capital do not change $100 = $100
B. Net assets increase and owner's capital increase 100-100 =
C. Net assets decrease and owner's capital decrease 0
D. Net assets increase and owner's capital Same
Q15. When an expense is paid in cash: Asset = Liability + Capital + Net profit - drawing + ad
A. Net assets increase and profit increase
B. Net assets decrease and profit decrease Sale 1250
C. Net assets remain the same and profit increase Cost (1,000)
D. Net assets remain the same and profit decrease Profit 250
Q17. Which of the following should be classified as a current asset in a business selling scaffolding
equipment?
A. Transport vehicle Purchase goods for resale = Inventory/Stock/Purchases
B. Scaffolding Purchase NCA = NCA
C. Cerditors Sale of goods = Sales
D. Bank loan Sale of NCA = NCA
Q19. Which of the following best describes the term current asset?
A. Money which the business currently has its bank account
B. An asset currently in use by a business
C. An amount owed to somebody else which is due for repayment soon
D. Something a business has or uses, which is likely to be held only for a short time
Q24. Which parts of the accounting equation are changed by paying off a loan by cash?
A. Assets, capital
B. Assets, liabilities
C. Capital, liabilities
D. Assets, capital, liabilities
Q30. Given the following, what is the amount of capital? Assets: Premises $20,000, Stock $8,500,
Cash $100. Liabilities: Creditors $3,000, Loan from A Adams $4,000.
A. $21,100
B. $21,600
C. $32,400
D. $21,400
Solution:
$ $ $
Assets = Liabilities + Capital
Premises 20,000 = Creditors 3,000
Stock 8,500 Loan 4,000
Cash 100
28,600 = 7,000
Q32. A tradre's net profit for the year may be computed by using which of the following formula?
A. Opening capital + drawings - capital introduced - closing capital
B. Closing capital + drawings - capital introduced - opening capital
C. Opening capital - drawings + capital introduced - closing capital
D. Closing capital - drawings + capital introduced - opening capital
Q33. The profit earned by a business in 1997 was $72,500. The proprietor injected new capital of $8,000
during the year and withdraw goods for his private use which had cost $2,200. If the net assets at the
beginning of 1997 were $101,700, what were the closing net assets?
A. $35,000
B. $39,400
C. $168,400
D. $180,000
Formula:
Net Assets/Capital at start x 101,700
Add profit x 72,500
Less drawing (x) (2,200)
Add additional investment x 8,000
Net Assets/Capital at end x 180,000
Q34. The profit made by a business in 2004 was $35,400. The proprietor injected new capital of $10,200
during the year and withdraw a monthly salary of $500. If the net assets at the end of 2004 were
$95,100, what was the proprietor's capital at the beginning of the year?
A. $50,000
B. $55,500
C. $63,900
D. $134,700
Solution: Verify:
Net Assets/Capital at start 55,500 55,500
Add profit 35,400 35,400
Less drawing (500 x 12) (6,000) (6,000)
Add additional investment 10,200 10,200
Net Assets/Capital at end 95,100 95,100
Q35. A business had net assets of $32,500 at 1 January 2004. The net profit, after proprietor's
drawings, for the year ended 31 December 2004 was $13,250. Drawings were made at the
rate of $750 per month in cash. The propreitor also withdrew for his own use goods costing $340
and with a selling price of $800. No new capital introduced during the year. What were the
net assets 31 Decemeber 2004?
A. $35,950 Drawing:
B. $36,410 Cash (750 x 12) 9000
C. $45,750 Goods - Cost 340
D. $64,430 9340
Solution:
Net Assets/Capital at start 32,500
Add profit 13,250
Less drawing
Add additional investment
Net Assets/Capital at end 45,750
Q36. A business has net assets at 1 January and 31 December 2004 of $75,600 and $73,800
respectively. During the year, the proprietor introduced additional capital of $17,700 and
withdrew cash and goods value of $16,300. What profit or loss was made by the business in 2004?
A. $3,200 loss
B. $400 loss
C. $400 profit
D. $3,200 profit
Solution:
Net Assets/Capital at start 75,600
Loss (3,200)
Less drawing (16,300)
Add additional investment 17,700
Net Assets/Capital at end 73,800
Q37. A business had net assets at 1 January and 31 December 2004 of $47,100 and $54,200
respectively. During the year the proprietor introduced additional capital of $22,000 and
made drawings of $200 per week. What profit or loss was made by the business in 2004?
A. $18,700 loss
B. $4,500 loss
C. $4,500 profit
D. $18,700 profit
Solution:
Net Assets/Capital at start 47,100
Loss (4,500)
Less drawing (200 x 52) (10,400)
Add additional investment 22,000
Net Assets/Capital at end 54,200
Q38. Wanda keeps no accounting records.The following information is available about her position
and transaction for the year ended 31 December 2004:
$
Net assets at 1 January 210,000
Drawing during 2004 48,000
Capital introduced during 2004 100,000
Net assets at 31 December 2004 400,000
Based on this information, what was Wanda's profit for 2004?
A. $42,000
B. $242,000
C. $138,000
D. $338,000
Solution:
Net Assets/Capital at start 210,000
Add profit 138,000
Less drawing (48,000)
Add additional investment 100,000
Net Assets/Capital at end 400,000
+ Net profit - drawing + additional investment
Capital
100,000
+ Capital
+ 0
0
0
1,250
(1,050)
200
ale)= Purchases
Employer Employee
Owner Staff
9340
Expense:
An expense is the money spent or cost incurred in an entity's efforts to generate revenue.
Expenditure
Capital Revenue
i) Convert into non current assets (NCA). i) Support non current assets (NCA).
ii) Intention to use. ii) Intention to sale.(For resale purpose).
iii) Expenditure incurred to bring asset iii) Avail one time benefit.
into useable condition.
iv) After start NCA expenditure incurred if, iv) After start NCA expenditure incurred if,
Increase life, Constant life,
Increase worth, Constant worth,
Increase production, Constant production,
Increase capacity, Constant capacity,
Increase effeciency etc. Constant effeciency etc
4 Million Labor