A FORMULA OF PERRIN-RIOU

Giuseppe Romanazzi (University of Insubria)

[email protected]
 
p
Let p ≡ 7 (mod 8) be a prime with 5
= 1 and d an odd discriminant. Consider the elliptic curve

Ed : y 2 = x(x − 4pd)(x + pd)

Its discriminant is ∆ = 256 · 25p6 d6 and define the set of places S containing 2, ∞ and the bad
primes of Ed . Observe also that Ed is the quadratic twist of E = E1 by d. There exists an
injective homomorphism, the 2-descent map, β : E(Q)/2E(Q) −→ Q(S, 2) × Q(S, 2) whose image
coincides with the subgroup Sel2 (E/Q). Let (b1 , b2 ) ∈ Q(S, 2) × Q(S, 2) which is not in the image of
O, (0, 0), (4p, 0): then (b1 , b2 ) is in the image of β if and only if the equations

b1 z12 − b2 z22 = 4pd

b1 z12 − b1 b2 z32 = −pd
have a solution (z1 , z2 , z3 ) ∈ Q∗ × Q∗ × Q.
The pairs (b1 , b2 ) in Sel2 (E/Q) correspond to those such that the previous equations have a local
non-trivial solution Ql × Ql × Ql for every prime l (including ∞).

1 prima
Write zi = lki ui with ui unit in Ql . Suppose ki < 0. The first equation rewrites

b1 l2k1 − b2 l2k2 = 4pd =⇒ b1 − b2 l2(k2 −k1 ) = 4pdl−2k1

Se k2 > k1 , allora l2 | b1 against the fact that b1 is squarefree. Hence k2 ≤ k1 < 0. Di nuovo, se
k2 < k1 < 0,
b1 l2k1 − b2 l2k2 = 4pd =⇒ b1 l2(k1 −k2 ) − b2 = 4pdl−2k2 =⇒
=⇒ l2 | b2 , assurdo. Thus k1 = k2 = −k < 0.

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